scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Defatted and Nondefatted Methanolic Extracts of Aframomum melegueta K. Schum. against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria of Clinical Importance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe ◽  
Otunola Adedayo ◽  
Roger Murugas Coopoosamy
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Inhibition Zones

The antibacterial activity of the extracts of Aframomum melegueta including n-hexane extract (NHE), nondefatted methanol extract (NDME), and defatted methanol extract (DME) was investigated in this study. The NHE exhibited no antibacterial activity. The DME showed higher antibacterial activity than the NDME against the different isolates. At the highest concentration of 10 mg/mL in agar diffusion, NDME produced inhibition zones ranging from 11 to 29 mm against the microorganisms while DME produced inhibition zones ranging from 20 to 40 mm with the concentration of 10 mg/mL against the microorganisms. 0.1 mg/mL of the DME produced inhibition zones ranging between 12 and 14 mm in Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 35654 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, respectively, while none of the isolates were inhibited by the NDME at a concentration of 1 mg/mL or less. In the agar dilution assay, the MICs of the NDME and DME ranged between 0.31 and 10 mg/mL, but more isolates were inhibited at 0.31 mg/mL of DME than those in NDME. In macrobroth assay, the MICs of the NDME ranged between 0.15 and 5.0 mg/mL and the MBCs ranged between 0.63 and 5.0 mg/mL, and the MICs of the DME ranged between 0.08 and 5.0 mg/mL and the MBCs were between 0.31 and 5.0 mg/mL. This study indicated that DME was more active with higher antibacterial activity than the NDME of this plant, and extracting the fatty portion of plant materials prior susceptibility testing would allow plant extracts to be more effective as well as justifying the use of Aframomum melegueta in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections.

scholarly journals In vitro effects of quinine on the antibacterial activity of erythromycin against bacteria of clinical relevance

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 077-086
Author(s):  
Oluremi Adejoke Akinwale ◽  
Uyi Oluwatobi Emokpae ◽  
Opeyemi Mariam Adebogun ◽  
Morenike Olutumbi Adeoye-Isijola ◽  
Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
In Vitro Effects

The study investigated the in vitro effects of quinine on the antibacterial activity of erythromycin for possible interactions. The antibacterial activities of each drug and their combinations were investigated by agar diffusion, agar and macrobroth dilution methods. While 100 µl of 1000 µg/ml of erythromycin produced inhibition zones ranging between 13 and 31 ± 1.0 mm in all the isolates except K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa ATCC 19582, combining the highest concentration of erythromycin with 35 µg/ml of quinine produced inhibition zones ranging between 14 and 34 ± 1.0 mm with the exception of S. flexneri KZN. Though quinine had no antibacterial effects on the isolates, erythromycin was effective at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging between 25 and 100 µg/ml while their combinations resulted in reduction of MICs of most of the isolates to 12.5 µg/ml except those against A. calcaoceuticus anitratus CSIR, Ps. aeruginosa ATCC 15442, P. shigelloides ATCC 51903, A. hydrophila ATCC 35654, Ps. aeruginosa ATCC 19582 and E. faecalis KZN that remained unchanged in agar dilution. While the MICs of erythromycin ranged between 25 and 50 µg/ml, the MICs of this antibiotic was reduced to concentrations ranging between 12.5 and 50 µg/ml indicating 50% to 75% in the presence of quinine. The combination of erythromycin and quinine, in vitro, resulted in synergistic (50%), additive/indifference (44.44%) and antagonistic (11.11%) interactions while quinine at concentrations lower than plasma quinine concentrations was inhibitory to the antibacterial activity of erythromycin. The synergistic effect may serve as remedy for bacterial infections in which the test bacteria have been implicated.

scholarly journals Metabolic profiling and antibacterial activity of Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. - prospecting for its use in the treatment of bacterial infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 020-028
Author(s):  
Fernandes Laura Silva ◽  
da Costa Ygor Ferreira Garcia ◽  
de Bessa Martha Eunice ◽  
Ferreira Adriana Lucia Pires ◽  
do Amaral Corrêa José Otávio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
New Antibiotics

Morbidity and mortality of the infected patients by multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased, emphasizing the urgency of fight for the discovery of new innovative antibiotics. In this sense, natural products emerge as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Among the biodiversity, Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. (Apiaceae Lindl.) is traditionally used to treat thrush and ulcers of throat and mouth, as diuretic and emmenagogue, but scarcely known as an antimicrobial agent. With this context in mind, the goals of this study were to investigate the metabolic profile and the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract (EE-Ep) and hexane (HF-Ep), dichloromethane (DF-Ep), ethyl acetate (EAF-Ep) and butanol (BF-Ep) fractions from E. pristis leaves. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to stablish the metabolic profile and revealed the presence of 12 and 14 compounds in EAF-Ep and HF-Ep, respectively. β-selinene, spathulenol, globulol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and lupeol derivative were some of phytochemicals identified. The antibacterial activity was determined by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using the broth micro-dilution against eight ATCC® and five methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strains. HF-Ep was the most effective (MIC ≤ 5,000 µg/µL), being active against the largest part of tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including MRSA, with exception of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and (ATCC 27853). These results suggest that E. pristis is a natural source of bioactive compounds for the search of new antibiotics which can be an interesting therapeutic approach to recover patients mainly infected by MRSA strains.

scholarly journals Effect Of Pomegrante Peels And Bay Leaves On Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Urinary Tract Infection Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Huda Zuheir Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Uropathogenic Bacteria

Background: Alternative natural therapy by plants extracts had opened  wide  door   for   the    use  of  natural products as an alternative therapy instead of many antibiotics and drugs , which had many harmful side effects.Also, an increased interest has been centered on the industrial wastes, especially plant raw materials which contain phenols (e.g. Pomegranate peel and Bay leaves) which is a sources of natural antioxidants ,which are on the contrary  of  synthetic  antioxidants that  had restrict use  due to  their  health  risks , carcinogenesis and toxicity . Objectives :This study was done to find out the etiology and sensitivity pattern of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infection , in order to select the bacterial isolates that had multidrug resistance . Type of the study: Cross-sectional study. Methods: preparation of   Hot water extract , Cold water extract , Methanol extract  and Ethanol extract of both Pomegranate peels and Bay leaves and test   there    antibacterial activity against these uropathogenic bacteria which are multidrug resistant . Results :All extracts from pomegranate fruit peels exhibited inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria . Hot , Cold  water extract and Ethanol extract of pomegranate peels recorded the highest inhibition zones compared with the Methanol extract. On the other hand, there were no   antibacterial activity of any extract of  Bay leaves on any of tested bacteria. The  medicinal  plants antibacterial activity was well  documented  and  those  plants are new potential alternative antibacterial agent  especially  against multi resistant bacteria which had been the center of focus globally.  Conclusions: Pomegranate have antibacterial activity  against multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria isolated from UTI patients , So it emerged as alternative therapy for humans leading  to reduction the cost and the risk of using antibiotics .

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates and Meat-Borne Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aseer Manilal ◽  
Kuzhunellil Raghavanpillai Sabu ◽  
Melat Woldemariam ◽  
Addis Aklilu ◽  
Gelila Biresaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Crude Plant Extract

Background. In developing countries, the prevalence of bacterial infections is quite rampant due to several factors such as the HIV/AIDS pandemic, lack of hygiene, overcrowding, and resistance to conventional antimicrobials. Hence the use of plant-based antimicrobial agents could provide a low-cost alternative therapy. Rosmarinus officinalis is reputed as a medicinal plant in Ethiopia; however, its antibacterial activity against many of the clinical isolates remains overlooked. Methods. Tender foliage of R. officinalis was collected and extracted in ethanol (EtOH) and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against ten multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates, human type culture pathogens, and meat-borne bacterial isolates by employing agar well diffusion assay. Results. EtOH extract of R. officinalis efficiently subdued the growth of all tested MDR clinical isolates in varying degrees. Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most sensitive clinical isolates. Likewise, it efficiently repressed the growth of meat-borne pathogens, particularly, S. aureus and Salmonella sp. showing its potentiality to be used as a natural antibacterial agent in the meat processing industry. The mechanism of antibiosis of plant extract against meat-borne pathogens is inferred to be bactericidal. Chemical constituents of the crude plant extract were analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy showing genkwanin (26%), camphor (13%), endo-borneol (13%), alpha-terpineol (12%), and hydroxyhydrocaffeic acid (13%) as the major compounds. Conclusion. Overall results of the present study conclude that R. officinalis could be an excellent source of antimicrobial agents for the management of drug-resistant bacteria as well as meat-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Potential Antibacterial Activity of Defatted and Nondefatted Methanolic Extracts of Xao Tam Phan (Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum) Peels against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Van-Anh Le Thi ◽  
Ngoc-Lien Nguyen ◽  
Quang-Huy Nguyen ◽  
Quyen Van Dong ◽  
Thi-Yen Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Compounds

Xao tam phan (Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum) is a traditional herbal medicine in Vietnam. Previous investigations reported mainly compounds and bioactivities of roots, stems, and leaves while there is limited information about those of fruits. This study aims to reveal the difference in the chemical profile of defatted peel (DP) and nondefatted peel (NDP) methanolic extracts of P. trimera using colorimetric reactions and liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis. We also showed the potential antibacterial activity of two extracts against clinically isolated bacteria strains including P. aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., and S. aureus with the MIC values < 100 μg/mL. This preliminary result proves the traditional usage of this herbal medicine and can be helpful for further investigation on the isolation and identification of the new compounds in P. trimera peels.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Clams—A Study on Mussels in the River Rhine

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Nicole Zacharias ◽  
Iris Löckener ◽  
Sarah M. Essert ◽  
Esther Sib ◽  
Gabriele Bierbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Bacterial infections have been treated effectively by antibiotics since the discovery of penicillin in 1928. A worldwide increase in the use of antibiotics led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains in almost all bacterial pathogens, which complicates the treatment of infectious diseases. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria play an important role in increasing the risk associated with the usage of surface waters (e.g., irrigation, recreation) and the spread of the resistance genes. Many studies show that important pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria can enter the environment by the discharge of sewage treatment plants and combined sewage overflow events. Mussels have successfully been used as bio-indicators of heavy metals, chemicals and parasites; they may also be efficient bio-indicators for viruses and bacteria. In this study an influence of the discharge of a sewage treatment plant could be shown in regard to the presence of E. coli in higher concentrations in the mussels downstream the treatment plant. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, resistant against one or two classes of antibiotics and relevance for human health could be detected in the mussels at different sampling sites of the river Rhine. No multidrug-resistant bacteria could be isolated from the mussels, although they were found in samples of the surrounding water body.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Moroccan Zantaz Honey and the Influence of Its Physicochemical Parameters Using Chemometric Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4675
Author(s):  
Youssef Elamine ◽  
Hamada Imtara ◽  
Maria Graça Miguel ◽  
Ofélia Anjos ◽  
Letícia M. Estevinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
Methyl Syringate ◽  
Chemometric Tools

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has prompted the development of alternative therapies, including the use of natural products with antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties of Zantaz honey produced in the Moroccan Atlas Mountains against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated and analyzed using chemometric tools. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. aureus were the lowest (112.5 ± 54.5 mg/mL), revealing that this species was most sensitive to Zantaz honey. P. aeruginosa showed an intermediate sensitivity (MIC= 118.75 ± 51.9 mg/mL), while E. coli was the most resistant to treatment (MIC = 175 ± 61.2 mg/mL). Content of monosaccharides, certain minerals, and phenolic compounds correlated with antibacterial activity (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis of physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial activity indicated that the parameters most associated with antibacterial activity were color, acidity, and content of melanoidins, fructose, epicatechin, methyl syringate, 4-coumaric acid, and 3-coumaric acid.

scholarly journals Liposomes as Antibiotic Delivery Systems: A Promising Nanotechnological Strategy against Antimicrobial Resistance

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Magda Ferreira ◽  
Maria Ogren ◽  
Joana N. R. Dias ◽  
Marta Silva ◽  
Solange Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs

Antimicrobial drugs are key tools to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Despite the early success of antibiotics, the current treatment of bacterial infections faces serious challenges due to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Moreover, the decline of research and private investment in new antibiotics further aggravates this antibiotic crisis era. Overcoming the complexity of antimicrobial resistance must go beyond the search of new classes of antibiotics and include the development of alternative solutions. The evolution of nanomedicine has allowed the design of new drug delivery systems with improved therapeutic index for the incorporated compounds. One of the most promising strategies is their association to lipid-based delivery (nano)systems. A drug’s encapsulation in liposomes has been demonstrated to increase its accumulation at the infection site, minimizing drug toxicity and protecting the antibiotic from peripheral degradation. In addition, liposomes may be designed to fuse with bacterial cells, holding the potential to overcome antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation and constituting a promising solution for the treatment of potential fatal multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In this review, we aim to address the applicability of antibiotic encapsulated liposomes as an effective therapeutic strategy for bacterial infections.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activity of Human Amniotic Membrane against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections: New Insights from Normal and Cancerous Urothelial Models

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Taja Železnik Ramuta ◽  
Larisa Tratnjek ◽  
Aleksandar Janev ◽  
Katja Seme ◽  
Marjanca Starčič Erjavec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a serious global health issue, especially due to emerging multidrug-resistant UTI-causing bacteria. Recently, we showed that the human amniotic membrane (hAM) could be a candidate for treatments and prevention of UPEC and Staphylococcus aureus infections. However, its role against multidrug-resistant bacteria, namely methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has not yet been thoroughly explored. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the hAM homogenate had antibacterial activity against 7 out of 11 tested multidrug-resistant strains, the greatest effect was on MRSA. Using novel approaches, its activity against MRSA was further evaluated in a complex microenvironment of normal and cancerous urinary bladder urothelia. Even short-term incubation in hAM homogenate significantly decreased the number of bacteria in MRSA-infected urothelial models, while it did not affect the viability, number, and ultrastructure of urothelial cells. The hAM patches had no antibacterial activity against any of the tested strains, which further exposes the importance of the hAM preparation. Our study substantially contributes to basic knowledge on the antibacterial activity of hAM and reveals its potential to be used as an antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

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