scholarly journals Impact of Climatic Factors on the Seasonal Fluctuation of Leishmaniasis Vectors in Central Morocco (Meknes Prefecture)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hajar El Omari ◽  
Abdelkader Chahlaoui ◽  
Fatima Zahra Talbi ◽  
Karima EL Mouhdi ◽  
Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate factors on the epidemiology of diseases in general and leishmaniasis in particular continues to be a subject of research and analysis. Changes in climatic parameters contribute to the creation of ecological conditions favorable to the multiplication of the vectors of certain diseases. With this in mind, this study presents an entomological survey conducted in Meknes prefecture and the study of the link between the abundance of sandflies, an indicator of the risk of leishmaniasis in a given area, and the climatic factors. Monthly trapping of this fauna was carried out during a year from March 2016 until April 2017 using adhesive traps. Climatic data from the region were used to determine the effect of climate on the distribution of sandflies. A total of 941 leishmaniasis vector specimens were captured. The dominant species is Ph. sergenti (73.32), followed by Ph. longicuspis (8.25%), then Ph. perniciosus (7.94%) and Ph. papatasi (6.31%). The sex ratio study showed that males are more abundant than females for all species. The seasonal fluctuation is bimodal with two peaks, the first in July and the second in September. The results show a positive correlation between temperature and abundance of sandflies (r = 0.99) and a negative correlation with humidity and precipitation with a correlation coefficient of r = −0.87 and r = −0.72. Indeed, the medium-term climatological forecasts are essential tools to develop a warning system for leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Mingyang Sun ◽  
Weixing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

scholarly journals The Spatiotemporal Changes and the Impacts of Climate Factors on Grassland in the Northern Songnen Plain (China)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6568
Author(s):  
Liping Wang ◽  
Shufeng Zheng ◽  
Xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Songnen Plain ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evolution Trend

Grassland is an important ecosystem; the spatiotemporal evolution trend of grassland and its impacts on climatic factors play an irreplaceable role in maintaining regional sustainable development and ecological balance. In this paper, based on the remote sensing images of 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 3S technology, we use the methods of dynamic rate and transfer matrix to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution trend of the northern Songnen Plain (China). The method of grey correlation is used to analyze the impact of climate factors on it. The results showed that the grassland changed dramatically and unevenly across the three periods of 1990–2000, 2000–2010, and 2010–2020, with the biggest change in the last period. The internal conversion of grassland mainly occurred between H-grassland (high coverage grassland) and M-grassland (medium coverage grassland), while the transformation rarely occurred in L-grassland (low coverage grassland) due to its small area. There has been a transfer-in from cultivated land, woodland, and unused land to H-grassland and M-grassland. The grassland transfer-out was mainly from H-grassland and M-grassland to cultivated land and unused land. What’s more, the transformation mainly occurred in Daqing City, Suihua City, Qiqihar city, as well as occurring in the west of Harbin and the southwest of Heihe city. Climate change has exacerbated the reduction of grassland areas. In summary, the spatiotemporal change rates of grassland area in the north of Songnen Plain initially showed a mild decrease and were then followed by a rapid decrease. Climate factors were of great significance to the spatiotemporal changes of grassland, and precipitation had a greater impact on the reduction of grassland. The results can provide meaningful information for grassland change, grassland protection, and management in the northern Songnen Plain.

scholarly journals Effects of climate change on the distribution of wild Akebia trifoliata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ming Zhang ◽  
Xiang-Yong Peng ◽  
Min-Li Song ◽  
Zhen-Jian Li ◽  
Xin-Qiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the impacts and constraints of climate change on the potential geographic distribution of wild Akebia trifoliata is crucial for its sustainable management and economic development as a medicinal material or fruit. In this study, according to the first-hand information obtained on-the-spot investigation, the geographic distribution and response to climate factors of Akebia trifoliata were studied by the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS. The genetic diversity and population structure of 21 natural populations of Akebia trifoliata were studied by SSR markers. The results showed that precipitation and temperature were the two most important climatic factors that restrict the geographic distribution of Akebia trifoliata. Under the current climate scenario, the suitable growth regions of Akebia trifoliata in China were 91.7-121.9 °E and 21.6-37.5 °N. Combined with the evolutionary relationship and prediction results, 21 populations of Akebia trifoliata tended to migrate to the north. In the scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) of higher greenhouse gas emission concentration, the distribution area of Akebia trifoliata continued to expand, while in the low concentration greenhouse gas emission scenario (SSP1-2.6), the distribution area of Akebia trifoliata remained stable. The distribution center of Akebia trifoliata in China will shift to high latitude regions with the increase of temperature in the future. The results evaluated the impact of climate factors on the spatial distribution of wild Akebia trifoliata, displayed the possible changes of geographical distribution of Akebia trifoliata under different climate scenarios, and provided scientific evidence for durative protection and supervise of Akebia trifoliata.

The impact of solar variability on climatic parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris G. Tzanis ◽  
Charilaos Benetatos ◽  
Kostas Philippopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Impact

<p>Natural climate variability is partially attributed to the solar radiative forcing. The scope of this work is to increase the scientific understanding of the relative role of solar variations on the terrestrial climate. The applied methodology examines initially the variation of multiple climatic parameters (temperature, zonal wind, relative and specific humidity, sensible and latent surface heat flux, cloud cover, precipitation) in response to the 11-year solar cycle. An additional goal is to estimate the response of the climate system’s parameters to the solar forcing in multiple forecasting horizons and to evaluate the behavior of the climate system in shorter time scales. The adopted methodology includes the development of linear regression models which calculate the dependency of the climatic parameters to solar variations for each grid point of the global dataset on a monthly time scale. The solar indicator used in this study is the 10.7-cm solar radio flux (F10.7) provided by NOAA, while the climate data are extracted from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 project with a spatial resolution of 2.5<sup>o</sup> X 2.5<sup>o</sup> for 67 years. Regarding the climate system’s response forecasting, an Artificial Neural Network has been trained for modeling and forecasting the solar indicator time series for a few time steps in advance and the effect on climatic parameters is estimated using the established regression equations. The results exhibit that the variation of the climatic parameters can be partially attributed to the 11-year solar cycle. Statistically significant areas with relatively high solar cycle signal were found in multiple pressure levels and geographical regions. Furthermore, the results indicate that the identification of a clear solar signal in the climatic data is a difficult task due to the climate system’s complexity; advanced non-linear methods could be applied in order to obtain a more accurate understanding of this research field.</p>

scholarly journals Population dynamics of Cacopsylla sp. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae), pest insect of Prunus africana (Rosaceae), medicinal plant species in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Dzokou Victor Joly ◽  
Yana Wenceslas ◽  
Soufo Laurentine ◽  
Tamesse Joseph Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Prunus Africana ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Numerical Variation ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Prunus africana is threatened in Cameroon by xylophagous and sap-sucking pest as Cacopsylla sp. This last causes deformations of the young leaves and buds and the plant end up losing all its leaves. Effective control of phytophagous pests requires a thorough understanding of their seasonal population dynamics. The objective of this work carried out on 150 young plants of P. africana in the nursery in Dschang, was to study the population dynamics of Cacopsylla sp. and the impact of climatic factors on the population. From January 2006 to December 2007, monthly collections of larvae, males and females of Cacopsylla sp. were carried out. The results showed, in 2006, three peaks (March, August and December) and two peaks in 2007 (March and August) with larvae. The fluctuation of males' population showed five peaks with two peaks in 2006 (March and December) and three peaks in 2007 (March, June and December) while in females' population, four peaks with two peaks in 2006 (March and December) and two peaks in 2007 (March and November). The annual numerical variation of Cacopsylla sp. individual is statistically correlated with variation of precipitations and the insolation. The precipitations have a negative effect on the numerical variation of males (r=-0.430, p<0.0360) and females (r=-0,434, p<0.0336) of Cacopsylla sp. The insolation has a positive effect on the numerical variation of males (r=0.732, p<0.0000002), females (r=0.653, p<0.000523) and the total individuals (r=0.601, p<0.00197) of Cacopsylla sp. With the larvae, the correlation was negative and non-significant. This work showed that March and December were better indicated to engage the fight against Cacopsylla sp. in Dschang.

scholarly journals An overview of factors affecting dengue transmission in Asian region and its predictive models

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-470
Author(s):  
Roopa Rani Samal ◽  
Saiesha Gupta ◽  
Sarita Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Vector Ecology ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
The Impact

Among various mosquito-borne diseases, dengue is one of the most prevalent and quickly spreading diseases primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. This review discusses the dengue epidemics in Asian countries with a focus on India and recognizes various climatic, socio-economic, and demographic factors and their complex interaction, involved in dengue expansion. The impact of climatic factors, such as temperature, moisture, and precipitation has been elucidated on the mosquito breeding and disease outbreaks; demonstrating a linear correlation of ambient temperature and humidity with dengue transmission, in contrast with the uncertain association of rainfall. Multifarious empirical models have been developed for estimating the climatic effects on dengue and are used as a baseline to assess the impact on future infections. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of dengue cases can only be predicted best using dynamic modelling based on a blend of long-term climatic data, vector ecology, and multiple etiological parameters. The human economic profile, migration and the behavioural pattern towards the epidemic have also impacted dengue transmission. Moreover, the impoverished countries are facing higher risks due to the lack of resources for proper medical care and mosquito management measures. Thus, advanced and confirmatory vector control interventions increased awareness of Aedes-borne diseases, and adequate decisions and policies may play a key role to prepare and combat the disease incidences across varied geographic range. Moreover, the increasing support for the research and development along with regular monitoring can help recognize the current and predict future distributions of Aedes and DENV better.

scholarly journals Reference Evapotranspiration Assessment Techniques for Estimating Crop Water Requirement

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1094-1100
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
The Impact

Water scarcity is a serious issue that has to be addressed in order to face the increasing water demands. Due to this issue, agricultural crops do not receive the required amount of water. So, it is necessary to have a proper technique to determine the water requirement for a particular crop. Evapotranspiration (ET), a process which is reliant on numerous climatic conditions, quantifies the loss of water from soil and crops through evaporation and transpiration processes respectively. Reference evapotranspiration ET is a concept of estimating ET from the reference surface which resembles an in-depth surface of green grass of stable height, actively growing, fully shading the surface with sufficient water. The amount of water required for a crop is thus determined by multiplying ETo with the crop coefficient (Kc) which depends on the growth stages and duration of a crop. So, evapotranspiration is considered to be one of the successful approaches to optimize the usage of water for crops. A literature survey is carried out on the popular methods of estimating ETo and their merits, demerits are discussed in this paper. Also, the impact of various climatic factors on ETo is presented. From the survey, it is known that ETo is estimated using conventional and non-conventional methods like Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves, ANN and WNN, regression and fuzzy logic. Humidity, temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation are the factors that have a major impact on estimating ETo. Generally, conventional methods are tedious since it requires experimental setups and more climatic data to determine ETo which are not available in many under developing countries. Thus, in this case, non-conventional methods are found to yield better results from the survey.

scholarly journals Research on correlation analysis and prediction model of agricultural climate factors based on machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
pp. 07016
Author(s):  
Yun Deng ◽  
Cunliang Cao ◽  
Shouxue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Early Rice

This article uses machine learning technology to analyze the correlation of climate factors that affect crop yields, and conduct prediction and comprehensive evaluation to guide agricultural production. This paper selects early rice crops in Guangxi as the research object. Based on the climatic data of early rice planting areas in Guangxi from 1990 to 2017, a cart decision tree is constructed to generate a random forest model to analyze the correlation between early rice yield and climatic factors in each growth period, and obtain the various growth periods The ranking of the importance of climatic factors on the yield, thus forming the basis for calculating the weights of the climatic factors in each growth period of early rice; based on the climatic data in Guilin, Guangxi from 2008 to April to July 2017, predicted by the long and short-term memory network Guilin's various climate data from April to July 2018.

scholarly journals Creation of aerosolized detergent compositions for protecting high-precision metal mirrors from the impact of adverse climate factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2052 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
S Filin ◽  
V Rogalin ◽  
I Kaplunov
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Optical Surface ◽  
Protective Films ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article is devoted to creation of aerosolized detergent compositions, needful for use during operation of high-precision metal mirrors, as a rule, in field conditions. The created detergent compositions with inhibitory properties allow, simultaneously with carrying out the process of physicochemical cleaning of optical surface from technological impurities, to ensure its protection from the influence of adverse climatic factors during storage, transportation, installation and exploitation of the element with the possibility of its alignment. The high climatic resilience of the protective films investigated in this article, which are formed during the cleaning of the optical surface, is shown. In this case, the optical characteristics of the processed elements after climatic tests do not get worse.

scholarly journals The Climate and Environment of Byzantine Anatolia: Integrating Science, History, and Archaeology

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Haldon ◽  
Neil Roberts ◽  
Adam Izdebski ◽  
Dominik Fleitmann ◽  
Michael McCormick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Science History ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resolution Data

The integration of high-resolution archaeological, textual, and environmental data with longer-term, low-resolution data affords greater precision in identifying some of the causal relationships underlying societal change. Regional and microregional case studies about the Byzantine world—in particular, Anatolia, which for several centuries was the heart of that world—reveal many of the difficulties that researchers face when attempting to assess the influence of environmental factors on human society. The Anatolian case challenges a number of assumptions about the impact of climatic factors on socio-political organization and medium-term historical evolution, highlighting the importance of further collaboration between historians, archaeologists, and climate scientists.

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