Association between Renal Podocalyxin Expression and Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: A Single-Center, Retrospective Case-Control Study

This retrospective study investigated whether podocalyxin expression in renal biopsies and urine of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with renal function. This retrospective study included 32 patients with nephropathy, secondary to type 2 diabetes treated at the First Hospital of Lanzhou University (January 2010 to January 2015). Compared with the control group, the DN group had a significantly lower renal expression of podocalyxin and higher urinary podocalyxin/creatinine ratio. Patients with DN were divided into the high and low expression groups according to podocalyxin expression in renal tissues. Patients in the low expression group had longer diabetes duration, lower plasma albumin and eGFR, higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and urinary podocalyxin/creatinine ratio, and more severe glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and renal interstitial inflammation than patients in the high expression group (all P<0.01). The renal survival rate was significantly lower in the low expression group than in the high expression group (P<0.01). Single-factor Cox regression analysis showed that reduced podocalyxin expression and increased urinary podocalyxin excretion were associated with poor renal outcome. Measuring podocalyxin levels in renal tissues and urine could help evaluate the progression of DN.

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Exploration of Various Roles of Hypoxia Genes in Osteosarcoma

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1068419/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jimin Ma ◽

Yakun Zhu ◽

Ziming Guo ◽

Xuefei Yang ◽

Haitao Fan

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Prognostic Model ◽

Cox Regression ◽

High Expression ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Model Based ◽

Survival Difference ◽

High Expression Group ◽

Low Expression

Abstract Background: Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor that often metastasizes in orthopedic diseases. Although multi-drug chemotherapy and surgical treatment have significantly improved the survival and prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma, the survival rate is still very low due to frequent metastases in patients with osteosarcoma. In-depth exploration of the relationship between various influencing factors of osteosarcoma is very important for screening promising therapeutic targets. Methods: This study used multivariate COX regression analysis to select the hypoxia genes SLC2A1 and FBP1 in patients with osteosarcoma, and used the expression of these two genes to divide the patients with osteosarcoma into high-risk and low-risk groups. Then, we first constructed a prognostic model based on the patient's risk value, and compared the survival difference between the high expression group and the low expression group. Second, in the high expression group and the low expression group, compare the differences in tumor invasion and inflammatory gene expression between the two groups of immune cells. Finally, the ferroptosis-related genes with differences between the high expression group and the low expression group were screened, and the correlation between these genes was analyzed. Results: In the high-risk group, immune cells with higher tumor invasiveness, macrophages M0 and immune cells with lower invasiveness included: mast cell resting, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and monocytes. Finally, among genes related to ferroptosis, we found AKR1C2, AKR1C1 and ALOX15 that may be related to hypoxia. These ferroptosis-related genes were discovered for the first time in osteosarcoma. Among them, the hypoxia gene FBP1 is positively correlated with the ferroptosis genes AKR1C1 and ALOX15, and the hypoxia gene SLC2A1 is negatively correlated with the ferroptosis genes AKR1C2, AKR1C1 and ALOX15. Conclusion: This study constructed a prognostic model based on hypoxia-related genes SLC2A1 and FBP1 in patients with osteosarcoma, and explored their correlation with immune cells, inflammatory markers and ferroptosis-related genes. This indicates that SLC2A1 and FBP1 are promising targets for osteosarcoma research.

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The Correlation Between SPP1 and Immune Escape of EGFR Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Was Explored by Bioinformatics Analysis

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.592854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Zheng ◽

Shiying Hao ◽

Cheng Xiang ◽

Yaguang Han ◽

Yanhong Shang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Egfr Mutation ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

High Expression ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

High Expression Group ◽

Mutant Egfr

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved breakthrough efficacy in treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to the revision of the treatment guidelines. However, most patients with EGFR mutation are resistant to immunotherapy. It is particularly important to study the differences in tumor microenvironment (TME) between patients with and without EGFR mutation. However, relevant research has not been reported. Our previous study showed that secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) promotes macrophage M2 polarization and PD-L1 expression in LUAD, which may influence response to immunotherapy. Here, we assessed the role of SPP1 in different populations and its effects on the TME.MethodsWe compared the expression of SPP1 in LUAD tumor and normal tissues, and in samples with wild-type and mutant EGFR. We also evaluated the influence of SPP1 on survival. The LUAD data sets were downloaded from TCGA and CPTAC databases. Clinicopathologic characteristics associated with overall survival in TCGA were assessed using Cox regression analysis. GSEA revealed that several fundamental signaling pathways were enriched in the high SPP1 expression group. We applied CIBERSORT and xCell to calculate the proportion and abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in LUAD, and compared the differences in patients with high or low SPP1 expression and wild-type or mutant EGFR. In addition, we explored the correlation between SPP1 and CD276 for different groups.ResultsSPP1 expression was higher in LUAD tumor tissues and in people with EGFR mutation. High SPP1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Univariate and multivariate cox analysis revealed that up-regulated SPP1 expression was independent indicator of poor prognosis. GSEA showed that the SPP1 high expression group was mainly enriched in immunosuppressed pathways. In the SPP1 high expression group, the infiltration of CD8+ T cells was lower and M2-type macrophages was higher. These results were also observed in patients with EGFR mutation. Furthermore, we found that the SPP1 expression was positively correlated with CD276, especially in patients with EGFR mutation.ConclusionSPP1 levels might be a useful marker of immunosuppression in patients with EGFR mutation, and could offer insight for therapeutics.

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Expression of miR-210, miR-137, and miR-153 in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/4464945 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hongtao Tian ◽

Yan Zhao ◽

Chao Du ◽

Xiao Zong ◽

Xiuping Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Area Under Curve ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Acute Cerebral Infarction ◽

High Expression ◽

Control Group ◽

Observation Group ◽

High Expression Group ◽

Low Expression

Aim. To explore the expression levels of miR-210, miR-137, and miR-153 in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Material and Methods. 76 patients with acute cerebral infarction treated in our hospital from April 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled as the observation group. Another 64 normal patients were selected as the control group. The patients were divided into the death and survival groups based on 1-year mortality of patients. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-210, miR-137, and miR-153 in the serum of each group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to analyze the diagnostic value and predictive value of miR-210, miR-137 and miR-153 death in patients. The correlation between miR-210, miR-137, and miR-153 in the serum of the observation group was analyzed by Pearson’s test. Results. Levels of miR-210 and miR-137 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while levels of miR-153 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05 ). The ROC curve of diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction showed that the area under curve of miR-210 was 0.836, that of miR-137 was 0.843, and that of miR-153 was 0.842. The 1-year survival rate was 71.05%. The 1-year survival of the low-expression group of miR-210 and miR-137 was significantly lower than that of the high-expression group, while the 1-year survival of the low-expression group of miR-153 was significantly higher than that of the high-expression group (all P < 0.05 ). The ROC curve for predicting death showed that the area under curve of miR-210 was 0.786, that of miR-137 was 0.824, and that of miR-153 was 0.858. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the expression of miR-210 was positively correlated with that of miR-137, while miR-137 was negatively correlated with that of miR-153 and miR-210 was negatively correlated with that of miR-153. Conclusion. miR-210, miR-137, and miR-153 have a certain value in the diagnosis and prediction of 1-year death of acute cerebral infarction and may be potential diagnostic and predictive indicators.

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The Level of Serum Albumin Is Associated with Renal Prognosis in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/7825804 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Junlin Zhang ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Yiting Wang ◽

Hanyu Li ◽

Qianqian Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Serum Albumin Level ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Renal Outcome ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Severe Group ◽

Renal Prognosis

Objective. Although hypoalbuminemia is frequently found in most patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), its relationship to the severity and progression of DN remains largely unknown. Our aim was to investigate the association between the serum albumin levels and clinicopathological features and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and biopsy-proven DN.Materials and Methods. A total of 188 patients with T2DM and biopsy-proven DN followed up for at least one year were enrolled. The patients were divided into four groups based on the albumin levels: normal group: ≥35 g/L (n=87); mild group: 30-35 g/L (n=34); moderate group: 25-30 g/L (n=36); and severe group: <25 g/L (n=31). The renal outcome was defined by progression to end-stage renal disease. The impact of the serum albumin level on renal survival was estimated using Cox regression analysis.Results. Among the cases, the serum albumin level had a significant correlation with proteinuria, renal function, and glomerular lesions. A multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the severity of hypoalbuminemia remained significantly associated with an adverse renal outcome, independent of clinical and histopathological features. In reference to the normal group, the risk of progression to ESRD increased such that the hazard ratio (HR) for the mild group was 2.09 (95% CI, 0.67-6.56,p=0.205), 6.20 (95% CI, 1.95-19.76,p=0.002) for the moderate group, and 7.37 (95% CI, 1.24-43.83,p=0.028) for the severe group.Conclusions. These findings suggested that hypoalbuminemia was associated with a poorer renal prognosis in patients with T2DM and DN.

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DNA repair functionality modulates the clinical outcome of patients with advanced sarcoma treated with trabectedin (ET-743)

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.9522 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 9522-9522 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

P. Schöffski ◽

P. G. Casali ◽

M. Taron ◽

A. T. Van Oosterom ◽

I. R. Judson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Median Survival ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Excision Repair ◽

Objective Response ◽

Progression Free Survival ◽

High Expression ◽

Brca1 And Brca2 ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Low Expression

9522 Background and Methods: The sensitivity to trabectedin (Yondelis, ET-743) in experimental cancer models correlates with functional transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) and with deficient homologous recombination repair (HRR) activity. In order to assess the clinical relevance of this observation we have characterized the mRNA expression levels of ERCC1, XPD, BRCA1 and BRCA2 by RT-PCR in historical tumor samples from 92 sarcoma patients (pts) treated with the agent. Results: The overall objective response (CR+PR) rate to Yondelis in this group was 9%, which confirms the previous clinical experience with the compound in unselected, pre-treated patients with sarcoma. The Kaplan-Meier estimates for progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6) was 23% and for median survival 8 months (mo). 26% of pts were alive at 24 mo. Correlative Study: Pts with high expression levels (> median) of ERCC1 had better PFS6 (32% vs 15%, p = 0.07) and better median survival (12 vs 7 mo) as compared to pts with low expression ( ≤ to median). Pts with low expression levels of BRCA1 had better PFS6 (33 vs 11%, p = 0.02) and superior median survival (15 vs 5 mo, p = 0.0003) than pts with high expression. Expression levels of XPD and BRCA2 (58 pts) had no significant impact on PFS and survival. The analysis of co-expression of ERCC1-BRCA1 identified a highly sensitive group of pts, characterized by high ERCC1 and low BRCA1 expression levels, with a PFS6 of 50% (p=0.0003) and median survival of 20.4 mo (p = 0.0005). A Cox regression analysis demonstrated that ERCC1 (HR=0.52, p = 0.02) and BRCA1 (HR=2.73, p = 0.0006) are independent variables for PFS, while BRCA1 (HR= 2.57, p = 0.0005) is also an independent variable for survival. Conclusion: This exploratory retrospective study supports the hypothesis that the sensitivity to Yondelis in pts with sarcoma correlates with a functional TC-NER and with deficient HRR. Prospective studies in sarcoma and other potentially sensitive tumor types are required to confirm and validate these findings. [Table: see text]

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Prognostic value of SOX2 and CD8+TIL in limited stage small cell lung cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e21108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e21108-e21108

Author(s):

Jinsoo Lee ◽

Soon Auck Hong ◽

Hye Won Hwang ◽

Se Jun Park ◽

Kabsoo Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Tissue ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Local Therapy ◽

Neuroendocrine Cells ◽

High Expression ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Sox2 Expression ◽

Low Expression

e21108 Background: SOX2 is a transcriptional factor that drives embryonic stem cell to neuroendocrine cells in lung development and is highly expressed in SCLC. The serum SOX2 antibody in SCLC has been known to mediate neurologic paraneoplastic syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the expression of SOX2 and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) in LS-SCLC from clinical tumor tissue and their impact on PFS and OS. Methods: Among the total 245 patients with SCLC treated between 2010 and 2018, 75 patients with LS-SCLC with available tumor tissue were enrolled. SOX2 and CD8+ TIL were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. High SOX2 expression was defined as above 100 of H score that was derived from multiplying intensity by the proportion of stained tumor cells. The number of CD8+TILs was counted under high magnification (x400) with four fields in intratumoral area. The cut value for high CD8+TIL was the above the median of total case. Results: 64 patients (85.4%) received etoposide/platinum and definite local therapy (radiation therapy or surgery) and 18 patients (24.0%) received surgical resection. High expression of CD8+ TIL was related to significantly longer PFS (13.9 vs. 8.0 months, P = 0.014) and tended to related to longer OS (32.1 vs. 17.4 months, P = 0.056) than low expression. High expression of SOX2 was tended to related with longer OS and PFS compared to low expression of SOX2 (median, 21.7 vs. 17.1 months, P = 0.118; 12.7 vs. 9.0 months, P = 0.110, respectively) without statistical significance. 29 patients with high CD8+TIL among 52 patients with high SOX2 had significantly longer PFS and OS compared to the other groups (median PFS 19.3 vs. 8.4 months, P = 0.002 and median OS 35.7 vs. 17.4 months, P = 0.004, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that combined high expression SOX2 and CD8+ TIL was an independent good prognostic factor for OS (HR = 0.449, P = 0.018) and PFS of SCLC (HR = 0.481, P = 0.021). Conclusions: In our study, high expression level of combined SOX2 and CD8+ TIL were related to longer OS and PFS, and it could be used as a prognostic biomarker for LS-SCLC. [Table: see text]

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A multicenter, prospective, observational study to determine association of mesangial C1q deposition with renal outcomes in IgA nephropathy

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84715-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Li Tan ◽

Yi Tang ◽

Gaiqin Pei ◽

Zhengxia Zhong ◽

Jiaxing Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Iga Nephropathy ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Renal Outcome ◽

Matched Cohort ◽

Negative Group ◽

Renal Survival ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Renal Outcomes

AbstractIt was reported that histopathologic lesions are risk factors for the progression of IgA Nephropathy (IgAN). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between mesangial deposition of C1q and renal outcomes in IgAN. 1071 patients with primary IgAN diagnosed by renal biopsy were enrolled in multiple study centers form January 2013 to January 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: C1q-positive and C1q-negative. Using a 1: 4 propensity score matching (PSM) method identifying age, gender, and treatment modality to minimize confounding factors, 580 matched (out of 926) C1q-negative patients were compared with 145 C1q-positive patients to evaluate severity of baseline clinicopathological features and renal outcome. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to determine whether mesangial C1q deposition is associated with renal outcomes in IgAN. During the follow-up period (41.89 ± 22.85 months), 54 (9.31%) patients in the C1q negative group and 23 (15.86%) patients in C1q positive group reached the endpoint (50% decline of eGFR and/or ESRD or death) respectively (p = 0.01) in the matched cohort. Significantly more patients in C1q negative group achieved complete or partial remission during the follow up period (P = 0.003) both before and after PSM. Three, 5 and 7-year renal survival rates in C1q-positive patients were significantly lower than C1q-negative patients in either unmatched cohort or matched cohort (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that independent risk factors influencing renal survival included Scr, urinary protein, T1-T2 lesion and C1q deposition. Mesangial C1q deposition is a predictor of poor renal survival in IgA nephropathy.Trial registration TCTR, TCTR20140515001. Registered May 15, 2014, http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsearch&smenu=fulltext&task=search&task2=view1&id=1074.

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Expression of LOX Suggests Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.718986 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jinfeng Zhu ◽

Chen Luo ◽

Jiefeng Zhao ◽

Xiaojian Zhu ◽

Kang Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Gastric Cancer ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽

High Expression ◽

Expression Level ◽

Cox Regression Analysis

Background: Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a key enzyme for the cross-linking of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix. This study evaluated the prognostic role of LOX in gastric cancer (GC) by analyzing the data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset.Methods: The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to calculate the expression difference of LOX gene in gastric cancer and normal tissues. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the expression level of LOX protein in gastric cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the survival difference between the high expression group and the low expression group in gastric cancer. The relationship between statistical clinicopathological characteristics and LOX gene expression was analyzed by Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to find independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of GC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to screen the possible mechanisms of LOX and GC. The CIBERSORT calculation method was used to evaluate the distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIC) abundance.Results: LOX is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and is significantly related to poor overall survival. Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis test and Logistic regression analysis showed, LOX overexpression is significantly correlated with T-stage progression in gastric cancer. Multivariate Cox regression analysis on TCGA and GEO data found that LOX (all p < 0.05) is an independent factor for poor GC prognosis. GSEA showed that high LOX expression is related to ECM receptor interaction, cancer, Hedgehog, TGF-beta, JAK-STAT, MAPK, Wnt, and mTOR signaling pathways. The expression level of LOX affects the immune activity of the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer.Conclusion: High expression of LOX is a potential molecular indicator for poor prognosis of gastric cancer.

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miRNA-24 Down-Regulates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Inhibits Endothelial Cell Tube Formation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-63873/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xuelan Luo ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Yuwang Qin ◽

Na Gan ◽

Dongning Lvy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Umbilical Vein ◽

Cell Number ◽

Tube Formation ◽

High Expression ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Tube Length ◽

Control Group ◽

Reporter System ◽

Enos Expression ◽

High Expression Group

Abstract Background: This study is to investigate the effects of miR-24 on expression of eNOS and Sp1, the proliferation, migration, and tube formation abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results: After transfection with miR-24 overexpression plasmid or anti-miR-24, miR-24 was successfully over-expressed or inhibited. Compared with the control group, the HUVEC proliferation and cell number in the miR-24 high expression group was significantly decreased. Moreover, for the miR-24 high expression group, the cell motility was slower, and the migrating cells were significantly decreased by 61.20%, with very few capillaries in the Matrigel assay. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of eNOS were decreased by 44.44% and 47.00 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of Sp1 were significantly decreased by 34.88% and 68.00%, respectively. In the miR-24 interference group, the above indexes were decreased compared with control group, while significantly increased compared with the miR-24 high expression group, especially concerning the number of branches and the tube length. Moreover, the Sp-1 and eNOS mRNAs were found to be the direct targets of miR-24 by a luciferase reporter system.Conclusion: Over-expression of miR-24 significantly suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability of HUVECs, via regulating eNOS expression. The transcription factor Sp1, a target of miR-24, might contribute to the eNOS expression regulation and the inhibiting effects on HUVECs.

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Endobronchial Therapy With Gentamicin and Dexamethasone After Airway Clearance by Bronchoscopy in Exacerbation of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: A Real-World Observational Study

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.773241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Qiuhong Li ◽

Beijie Huang ◽

Hongyan Gu ◽

Ying Zhou ◽

Xizheng Shan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Intratracheal Instillation ◽

Drug Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Airway Clearance ◽

Significant Prolongation

Background: The exacerbation of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) may lead to poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of endobronchial therapy with gentamicin and dexamethasone after airway clearance by bronchoscopy in the exacerbation of NCFB.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 2,156 patients with NCFB between January 2015 and June 2016 and 367 consecutive patients with exacerbation of bronchiectasis who had complete data and underwent airway clearance (AC) by bronchoscopy. The final cohort included 181 cases of intratracheal instillation with gentamicin and dexamethasone after AC (a group with airway drugs named the drug group) and 186 cases of AC only (a group without airway drugs named the control group). The last follow-up was on June 30, 2017.Results: The total cough score and the total symptom score in the drug group were improved compared to those in the control group during 3 months after discharge (p < 0.001). Re-examination of chest HRCT within 4–6 months after discharge revealed that the improvements of peribronchial thickening, the extent of mucous plugging, and the Bhalla score were all significantly improved in the drug group. Moreover, the re-exacerbations in the drug group were significantly decreased within 1 year after discharge. Univariate analysis showed a highly significant prolongation of the time to first re-exacerbation in bronchiectasis due to treatment with airway drugs compared with that of the control group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of first re-exacerbation in the drug group decreased by 29.7% compared with that of the control group.Conclusion: Endobronchial therapy with gentamicin and dexamethasone after AC by bronchoscopy is a safe and effective method for treating NCFB.

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