scholarly journals Variability in Prolificacy, Total Carotenoids, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin of Yellow Small-Ear Waxy Corn Germplasm

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Supaporn Sukto ◽  
Khomsorn Lomthaisong ◽  
Jirawat Sanitchon ◽  
Sompong Chankaew ◽  
Marvin P. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Gxe Interaction ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Waxy Corn ◽  
High Level

Waxy corn is a popular, alternative staple food in most Asian countries including Thailand. The availability of small-ear waxy corn genotypes with prolific ears and a high level of carotenoids is expected to benefit growers and consumers. Integrated evaluation among source germplasm is essential before performing further breeding efforts for enhancing prolific ears and high-carotenoid content. Thus, the present study explored the variability of ear prolificacy, total carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotene among yellow small-ear waxy corn accessions. About 44 corn accessions and 4 check varieties were evaluated for agronomic traits and yield components under multienvironment trials in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The immature seed sample of these genotypes was analyzed to quantify the content of total carotenoids and some carotenoid fractions. All traits showed that low GXE interaction and significant genotypic diversity existed among all tested accessions with the predominant contribution of genotype to total phenotypic variation and beta-carotene. Accessions were clustered into four major groups based on the similarity of multiple carotenoids profiles. Three selected accessions (UT121001, KKU-WX112087, and KKU-WX212001) had higher values of total carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotene than those of all check varieties. High and positive correlations among second-emerged ears, marketable second-emerged ears, and total ear number indicate that a higher chance of secondary ears becomes marketable ears with an increase of total ears per plant per hectare. Lutein and zeaxanthin had positive, strong correlations with total carotenoids. The implications and breeding strategies are discussed prior to promoting yellow small-ear waxy corn as a biofortified crop.

scholarly journals Breeding for Prolificacy, Total Carotenoids and Resistance to Downy Mildew in Small-Ear Waxy Corn by Modified Mass Selection

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Supaporn Sukto ◽  
Khomsorn Lomthaisong ◽  
Jirawat Sanitchon ◽  
Sompong Chankaew ◽  
Shanerin Falab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Khon Kaen ◽  
Waxy Corn ◽  
Two Populations

The study aimed to improve the small-ear waxy corn populations for prolificacy, high total carotenoid content and resistance to downy mildew. Three cycles of modified mass selection were carried out for population improvement. Forty-four genotypes derived from eight C3 populations and six check varieties were evaluated for agronomic traits and yield at Khon Kaen and screened for downy mildew resistance in the rainy season 2020 at two experimental sites in Ban Phang district of Khon Kaen province. Fifty genotypes were clustered into six major groups based on color parameter (h°) and total ear number. Two selected groups (C and E) with two populations of small-ear waxy corn including Nei9008/BK-24-9-B and TY/TF-33-1-B were selected as they were resistant to downy mildew, prolific ears, and intense orange kernel color. Modified mass selection was effective for improvement of multiple traits in waxy corn.

scholarly journals Morpho-agronomic and genetic variation among Phaseolus vulgaris landraces from selected provinces of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valencia Vuyisile Ndlangamandla ◽  
Nontuthuko Rosemary Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
South African ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
High Level ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Or Genes

Abstract Key message The morpho-agronomic and genetic studies recorded variations in vegetative and reproductive traits, and in molecular information through population structure and clustering approaches among South African Phaseolus vulgaris landraces. Abstract Phaseolus vulgaris L., commonly known as common beans, is widely used for its edible leaves, immature pods, and dry seeds. Studies on variation in morphology and genetics among P. vulgaris landraces are limited in South Africa. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the morpho-agronomic and genetic variations among P. vulgaris landraces. Thirty-eight landraces from different agro-ecological origins, planted in a randomized complete block design, had their variation in vegetative and reproductive traits determined. These landraces were studied for their genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The landraces were clustered in a biplot and dendrogram based on their seed coats, shape, similar morpho-agronomic traits, and their areas of origin. A total of 57 alleles were produced with a mean of 3.64 per SSR locus. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.00 to 0.58. The population structure had the highest delta value K = 2, thus the 38 landraces were divided into two subpopulations based on the Bayesian approach. The population structure showed an overlap among the landraces as several from the Mesoamerican carried some seed traits or genes from the Andean gene pool, and showed a high level of admixtures. The principal coordinate analysis and the dendrogram had a similar clustering pattern as the population structure. This study revealed the potential markers with high diversity that can be used to determine genetically homogenous/heterogeneous landraces. Therefore, the use of PV-ctt001, PV-ag001, and PV-at003 could be beneficial in future breeding, conservation, and marker-assisted selection studies.

scholarly journals Procurement of β-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin in households of Brazil’s urban areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Renata Maria Padovani ◽  
Jaime Amaya-Farfán
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Β Carotene

An assessment was made of the consumer accessibility by income to carotenoids in the eleven major Brazilian urban centers. The consumption data published by the POF (National Household Budget Survey, 1995-1996) and the Brazilian database on food carotenoids provided the basis for the study. The USDA-NCC Carotenoid Database for US foods was used whenever the carotenoid content was not found locally. Prudent individual daily intakes of beta-carotene (3 to 6mg), pro-vitamins A (5.2 to 6mg) and total carotenoids (9 to 18mg) were far from attained by the poorer households in all of the regions studied, but the availability rose as the level of income increased in all regions. The principal foods identified, which significantly contributed to the carotenoid supply were: (β-carotene) carrots, squash, mango and tomato, (lycopene) tomato, tomato sauce, watermelon and papaya, (lutein and zeaxanthin) corn flour, kale, lettuce and orange. The study suggests that consumption of carotenogenic foods in Brazil may have been low at the time, despite the wide natural distribution and abundance in the country. The implications that low consumption of carotenogenic foods may have on public health came to be better known in more recent years, but the data should be useful when comparing with the 2002/2003 POF.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Heterosis for Endosperm Carotenoids and Agronomic Traits in Tropical Maize Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girum Azmach ◽  
Melaku Gedil ◽  
Charles Spillane ◽  
Abebe Menkir
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Gxe Interaction

Provitamin A enrichment of staple crops through biofortification breeding is a powerful approach to mitigate the public health problem of vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. Twenty-four genetically diverse yellow and orange endosperm maize inbred lines with differing levels of provitamin A content were used for the analysis of their combining ability. Each inbred line was developed from crosses and backcrosses between temperate and tropical germplasm. The inbred lines were grouped into different sets according to their provitamin A levels and were then intercrossed in a factorial mating scheme to generate 80 different single-cross hybrids. The hybrids were evaluated in field trials across a range of agroecological zones in Nigeria. The effect of hybrids was significant on all the measured provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids and agronomic traits. While the effect of genotype-by-environment (GxE) interaction was significant for almost all traits, it was a non-crossover-type interaction for carotenoid content. Partitioning of the variances associated with the carotenoid and agronomic traits into their respective components revealed the presence of significant positive and negative estimates of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for both carotenoid content and agronomic traits. The preponderance of GCA effects indicates the importance of additive gene effects in the inheritance of carotenoid content. We found F1 hybrids displaying high parent heterosis for both provitamin A content and agronomic performance. Our study demonstrates that provitamin A biofortification can be effectively implemented in maize breeding programs without adverse effects on important agronomic traits, including grain yield.

scholarly journals Agronomical performance of soybean genotypes infected by Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus in various level of nitrogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
ENDRIK NURROHMAN ◽  
SITI ZUBAIDAH ◽  
HERU KUSWANTORO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Agronomical Traits

Abstract. Nurrohman E, Zubaidah S, Kuswantoro H. 2019. Agronomical performance of soybean genotypes infected by Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus in various level of nitrogen. Biodiversitas 20: 1255-1263. Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients during the process of vegetative and generative growth of soybean. Nitrogen deficiency during the growth can adverse to agronomical plant traits. This study was aimed to discover the influence of nitrogen on the agronomical traits of the soybean lines and varieties infected by cowpea mild mottle virus (CpMMV). The trial was arranged in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was the nitrogen dose consisting of four nitrogen doses while the soybean genotypes as the second factor consisted of seven genotypes. The results showed that nitrogen did not influence the plant resistance to CpMMV. The plant resistance was more affected by the genotype. The soybean genotypes were significant differences in the pod length, the pod width, and the flowering date. The interaction between genotype and nitrogen was found in the number of filled pods, the number of unfilled pods plant-1, the number of reproductive nodes plant-1, the number of total pods and the seed weight plant-1. The relationship in agronomic traits showed that significant positive correlations were found between number of filled pods with number of total pods, seed length with seed width and seed thickness, while the significant negative correlations were found between pod thickness with number of unfilled pods and maturity date with weight of 50 seeds.

scholarly journals Southern New Mexico Dietary Practices and Impacts on Carotenoid Content of Traditional Mexican Meals (P06-115-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Lucero ◽  
Calen McKenzie ◽  
Brigit O'Donnell ◽  
Lois Stanford ◽  
Ivette Guzman
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
New Mexican ◽  
Community Health Educators

Abstract Objectives Identify and measure beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin and total carotenoids within traditional Southern New Mexican meals. Methods Three traditional New Mexican meals, red chile enchiladas, squash calabacitas, and red chile posole were chosen based on their inclusion of carotenoid containing vegetables. Seven community health educators, promotoras, were recruited from the La Semilla Food Center (Anthony, NM, USA) to prepare each meal, as commonly consumed with traditional Mexican practices and ingredients, on two separate cooking days. The red chile enchilada meal included Spanish rice, pinto beans and a side salad with tomatoes and orange bell peppers. Calabacitas were served with panela cheese and a corn tortilla and the posole, a red chile pork stew with hominy, was topped with cabbage and avocado. Once prepared, one plate (approximately 240 g) of each meal was blended and frozen in liquid nitrogen for carotenoid analysis. Carotenoid extractions were performed with 10 g samples in duplicate for each meal and analyzed against beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin standards via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Carotenoid content for the entire portion of each meal was calculated and remaining samples of the meals were saved for future in vitro digestions to determine carotenoid micellar efficiencies. Results Beta-carotene and zeaxanthin were found in all three meals from both cooking days, whereas lutein was predominately found in calabacitas. The enchilada plate prepared on the second cooking day contained the highest total carotenoid amount with approximately 6.11 ug/g (1.47 mg/plate) and the highest beta-carotene and zeaxanthin amounts with 1.68 ug/g (403.2 ug/plate) and 0.55 ug/g (132 ug/plate), respectively. Lutein content in calabacitas was approximately 0.47 ug/g or 112.8 ug/plate. Conclusions Carotenoid content within each complex food matrix varied between cooking days indicating that minor differences in preparation practices and ingredients impact nutrient content. Future work including in vitro digestions of the meals will provide a basis for determining bioavailability of health-promoting carotenoids from traditional Southern New Mexican meals. Funding Sources New Mexico State University Vice President for Research Grant.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Extraction from Locally and Organically Produced Cereals Using Saponification Method

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Abrar Hussain ◽  
Hans Larsson ◽  
Eva Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Nutritional Health ◽  
High Level ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Carotenoids are important phytochemicals contributing nutritional health benefits in the human diet, with a significant contribution from cereals as one of the major food component around the world. Different methods have been described and adopted for the extraction and isolation of carotenoid compounds. Saponification can be seen as an option for carotenoid extraction from cereals as it converts retinol esters to retinol and removes other abundant compounds such as triglycerides. Extraction of carotenoids content of locally adapted and organic cereals have been limitedly investigated and was, therefore, evaluated in the present study, with a specific aim to understand genotypic and local cultivation effects and interactions. Therefore, 17 diverse cereal genotypes of local origin were grown organically in four localities and evaluated for carotenoid content and composition by HPLC. The results showed a large variation in content and composition of carotenoids in locally adapted and organically grown cereal genotypes, with lutein as the dominating type in wheat and rye, while zeaxanthin was the dominating type in barley. High-level genotypes showed values (9.9 mg/kg of total carotenoids) similar to the highest values previously reported in specific types of wheat. The barley genotypes showed relatively high stability in carotenoids content within and between cultivation locations, while large interactions were found with the cultivation location for the rest of the genotypes, indicating their local adaptation. The local adaptation of the cereal genotypes evaluated contributes large opportunities for local production of high value, highly nutritious food products, while the direct value of these genotypes for conventional plant breeding for varieties performing similar over broad environmental ranges, are more limited.

​Effects of Genotypic Diversity on Insect-pests of Soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh Kumar Meena ◽  
Vangala Rajesh ◽  
Amar Nath Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Background: Intercropping and mixed cropping based on two or more different crops have been widely used in Insect Pest Management to manage the population density of insect pests in various crops like maize with soybean, sorghum with soybean and sunflower with soybean. Genotypic diversity is the mixture or combination of various varieties/lines/genotypes of a crop. It decreases the insect-pests population by unfitness of crop to them due to intraspecific diversity such as mixture of susceptible and resistant varieties. Also, it increases the natural enemy population more due to longer period of flowering, availability of wide diverse food, more movement of herbivores etc. This concept has also been used successfully to manage insect-pests in maize, wheat and potato. In India, this connect is used in very small scale in crop. The objective of this study was to determine effects of genotypic diversity by comparing the population densities of major insect pests between monoculture of single variety and mixture of varieties. Methods: To test the effects of genotypic diversity on soybean insect-pest and their natural enemy population an experiment was laid in kharif 2018 and 2019 at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore. All recommended agronomic package of practices were followed for raising of crop. Randomized block design with three replication having plot size of 9 rows of 5 meter row length was used. Totally 20 treatments were chosen for this experiment and out of 20 four treatments namely, T1, T6, T11 and T16 were the treatments of four varietal mixture treatments of almost similar maturity duration and agronomic traits and rest of treatments were of sole varietal treatments. Observations were made on insect-pests from 10 selected plants in each plot on three leaves selected at top, middle and lower portion of plant. Result: Effects of genotypic diversity in soybean revealed that for whitefly management T11 (NRC-86, JS-335, JS-2098 and RKS-45) was found most effective treatment. In case of mite, thrips and treehoppers management T1 (JS-9560, JS-20-34, MAUS-47 and MAUS-1460) was found most effective treatment. For leafhopper and mealy bug T6 (JS-9305, JS-2029, RVS-2001-4 and Dsb-28-3) was found most effective treatment. While for spittlebug T16 (NRC-37, JS-9752, RSC-1046 and RKS-113) was found most effective treatment. So, genotypic diverse treatments were found more effective than their respective sole varietal treatments.

scholarly journals Correlation Between L*a*b* Color Space Values and Carotenoid Content in Pumpkins and Squash (Cucurbita spp.)

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Itle ◽  
Eileen A. Kabelka
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Color Value

Carotenoids play an important role in human health by acting as sources of provitamin A or as protective antioxidants. Pumpkins and squash (Cucurbita spp.) are excellent dietary sources of carotenoids. The diversity and range of carotenoid types and concentrations within pumpkins and squash provide a means to increase the nutritional value of this crop through plant breeding. Breeding requires reliable estimates of carotenoid types and concentrations to distinguish differences among breeding material. One method used for carotenoid identification and quantification is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is a highly sensitive and reproducible method but expensive and time-consuming. In contrast, colorimeters objectively describing visible color are relatively inexpensive and easy to use. The objective of this research was to determine if the carotenoid content within pumpkin and squash measured by HPLC was correlated with colorimeter L*a*b* color space values. Cultigens (cultivars, heirlooms, and PIs) representing white, yellow, and orange flesh color were grown at multiple locations using a randomized complete block design with two replicates at each location. Fruit flesh of each cultigen was evaluated using HPLC and colorimetric analysis. Strong correlations were found between color value a* and total carotenoids (r = 0.91) and color value b* and chroma with lutein (r = 0.87). Regression equations based on these correlations will be useful for estimating carotenoid type and concentrations. These close associations will also assure that breeding for enhanced carotenoid content within pumpkins and squash can be achieved using an easy-to-use and inexpensive method.

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Inbred Lines Under Plastic House in Thua Thien Hue

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trương Thị Hồng Hải ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thể ◽  
Phan Thu Thảo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sponge Gourd

In order to establish the pure line of sponge gourd containing aroma feature, we selected the desirable inbred lines by using a self-pollinating method. The present study was investigated to estimate the morphological traits and fruit quality of 6 sponge gourd inbred lines which generated at 4th generation of an aroma Luffa accession B29 under plastic house conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, from May to November in 2016. Five plants per replication were examined. The results indicated that all inbred lines could grow well under plastic house conditions. The inbred lines had the same stem and leaf traits; whereas fruit shape, skin color and fruit veins color were observed differently among inbred lines. The aromatic trait was retained in all inbred lines either before or after cooking. The high yield was found in lines BC1 and BC2 by 10.1 tons/ha and 10.7 tons/ha, respectively. These inbred lines should be examined in open field condition to confirm the presence of aromatic trait and yield potential before completion of the procedures for recognition of new Luffa varieties.  

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