scholarly journals Sleep Pattern and Problems in Young Children Visiting Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shrijana Pandey ◽  
Shristi Bhattarai ◽  
Anwesh Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Waking Up

Background. Sleep is an important parameter of a child’s growth and development. The pattern and duration of sleep varies with age. Sleep problems are a common occurrence during childhood days, and these problems that establish in childhood are presumed to continue later in life. Many times, parental concerns regarding their child’s sleep problems like difficulty in putting to sleep, frequent night time awakening, and waking up early are overlooked during their visits to the hospital. Objective. The aim of this study was to find out the sleep patterns and problems of children aged six to thirty-six months. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the pediatric outpatient department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from October, 2019 till March, 2020. Two hundred and forty-nine respondents were chosen purposively and were given questionnaires to be filled out. Research instrument was a standard, Nepali version of a structured questionnaire called Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) which contained questions related to sleep parameters and sleep problems existing among young children of 6-36 months. Mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and Kruskal Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results. The mean duration of total sleep was 12.12 ± 2.00 hours, while that of night sleep was 9.22 ± 1.19 hours and mean daytime nap was 2.90 ± 1.66 hours. Most of the children (96%) coslept with their parents, and 55% of the children had feeding as a bedtime ritual. Overall, 19.6% of the children had sleep problems as identified by BISQ although only 5.6% of the parents perceived that their children had it. Conclusions. Sleep problems were present among young Nepalese children included in our study, and sleep assessment should be a part of every health checkup for children.

scholarly journals A study of menopausal symptoms and its impact on lives of Nepalese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Nira Singh Singh Shrestha ◽  
Asmita Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Menopausal Symptoms ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Medical College

Background: Menopausal health has not been given any consideration till the recent years in developing countries. With the improving status of women in the society, more and more women are seeking help for their menopausal problems.Objectives: The study aimed to find out the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and its impact on life of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women attending gynecology outpatient department at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was done at Kathmandu medical college teaching hospital among 100 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women attending gynecology outpatient department in the month of August 2016. A pretested questionnaire was administered to the women selected by convenience sampling. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20 and presented in percentage and frequency table.Results: The mean age of the women in the study population was 49.98 years(SD±6.18) and mean age at menopause was48.02 years (SD± 2.12). Ninety four percent of the women had one or more of the menopausal symptoms. The commonest menopausal symptom was mood swings and irritability (80% and 68% respectively) followed by vasomotor symptoms like hot flashes in 42% and night sweats in 24% of the women. These symptoms interfered with the women’s daily work performances in 46% of the cases, affected family life in 28% and affected social life in 32% of the cases.Conclusion: Majority of the women have menopausal symptoms during perimenopause and postmenopausal period. These symptoms have major impact on women’s personal, social, and family lives. Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 6, No. 1, 2017, page: 4-8

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pharmacovigilance among Doctors at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Birgunj, Nepal

Med Phoenix ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Smita Singh ◽  
Deependra Prasad Sarraf ◽  
Prabin Singh ◽  
Pragati Poudyel
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽  
Care Teaching ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Medical

Introduction: Pharmacovigilance helps in the detection and prevention of adverse effects of drugs. For the effectiveness of this program, health care professionals should report adverse drug reactions (ADRs) considering it as their moral and professional obligation. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the doctors towards ADRs and pharmacovigilance in  National Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in the Narayani zone. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of four parts; first part included a demographic profile of participants, the second part consisted of ten questions for the assessment of the knowledge about pharmacovigilance, third part comprised of six questions on attitude and fourth part consisted of five questions on practice. The results were depicted in the form of percentages for each KAPs questionnaire.   Results: The response rate of participants was 85.16%. Pharmacovigilance was correctly defined by 52%. Department of drug administration was responsible for monitoring ADRs in Nepal was correctly given by 80%. Only 8% had reported ADRs, although 62% had encountered an ADR in their clinical practice. Conclusion: The doctors at NMCTH had a poor KAP towards pharmacovigilance and educational intervention is needed for the proper functioning of this program.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Pressure Ulcer Management among Nurses

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Shrestha ◽  
P Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Experience Education

Background: Pressure ulcer (PU) development remains a significant complication among at-risk patients. It is considered “never events” because they are preventable and should “never” happen. It has been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, hospital cost and length of stay in the hospital. Prevention of pressure ulcers is considered a nurse-sensitive indicator hence nurses should have adequate knowledge about current evidence-based prevention and management of pressure ulcer. However, non adherence to these guidelines is frequent and lack of knowledge may act as barriers to using guidelines in clinical practice.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to 1. assess the knowledge of pressure ulcer management among nurses 2. determine the level of knowledge of pressure ulcer management among nurses 3. assess the association of knowledge of nurses and baseline variables.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted, using pretested self administered questionnaire to assess the knowledge on pressure ulcer management among purposively selected 100 nurses working in Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital in 2015. Descriptive statistics as frequency and percentage were used and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) was done to find out association between knowledge and selected baseline variables.Results: The study revealed that 59% of the respondents had adequate knowledge where as 41% of nurse’s knowledge was found to be inadequate. Significant association was not found between age, working ward, experience, education, training, duration and knowledge of pressure ulcer management among Nurses.Conclusion: This result indicates that more than half of the nurses had the adequate knowledge but there is still need of education and training related pressure ulcer management.Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVolume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, Page: 47-51

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude regarding HIV/AIDS among patients attending medicine outpatient department in C. C. M. Medical College and Hospital, Durg

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5095
Author(s):  
Suresh C. Gupta ◽  
Karan J. Jain ◽  
Anjana Tiwari ◽  
Indu Padmey ◽  
Nandkishor J. Bankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the deadliest diseases that modern medicine has ever had to tackle. Understanding the knowledge about HIV/AIDS in general populations will help in formulating strategy for prevention and treatment. With this background, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS among general population.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at C.C.M. Medical College and Hospital, Durg during December 2018 to January 2019. The data was collected from 450 patients attending the medicine outpatient department. Study subjects were selected using convenient sampling technique. Patients giving consent and willing to participate were included in the study. The data was collected in predesigned and pretested questionnaire.Results: 77.11% study participants were aware that unprotected sex can lead to transmission of HIV, 73.78% knew that shaking hands will not transmit the disease. 79.8% knew that use of condom can prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS. Overall males had better knowledge than females. 76.85% said they would behave friendly with people having HIV/AIDS and 69.78% were willing to take care of relatives with HIV.Conclusions: This study indicates that majority participants have good knowledge about difference between HIV and AIDS, modes of transmission and prevention though they were not completely aware of it. The proportion of those with lack of correct knowledge though comparatively less, needs to be taken as a challenge and addressed through well planned health educational activities at various platforms including teaching hospital premises.

scholarly journals An Observational Cross-Sectional Study of the Proportion of Cutaneous Lesions Affecting External Ear, Presenting to Outpatient Clinic of a Tertiary Care Medical College in the Eastern Part of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
pp. 1414-1419
Author(s):  
Kanishka Chowdhury ◽  
Sabyasachi Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

BACKGROUND Cutaneous lesions of external ear are quite common in clinical practice. Patients often present with various cutaneous lesions of the external ear to various disciplines. They are often underdiagnosed as many lesions, though commonly diagnosed by our dermatologist colleague are missed by other clinicians. These lesions can be classified in various ways, according to the aetiology, and according to the anatomic sites. In the present study, we tried to assess the prevalence of different skin lesions affecting external ear presenting to an ENT and skin outpatient department of a tertiary care medical college in Eastern part of India. METHODS This is a descriptive observational study, cross sectional in design. 240 patients attended the outpatient department with cutaneous lesions affecting external ear from January 2019 to February 2020. The patients presenting in both ENT and skin outpatient department were chosen randomly. Cases were diagnosed based on history and clinical examination and appropriate investigation as required. All cases were categorised into 5 types (infective, inflammatory, autoimmune, neoplasm & naevi, and reactive & reparative) according to the aetiology. In each category, prevalence of various skin lesions was recorded. RESULTS A total number of 240 cases were detected during the study period. Among them, infective 43.33 %, inflammatory 30.83 %, autoimmune 9.17 %, neoplasm & naevi 4.17 % and reactive & reparative were 12.82 %. Taenia was the most common lesions encountered (20.51 %) followed by keloid (12.5 %). Impetigo and seborrheic dermatitis shared same number of cases (9.4 %). Neoplastic lesions were the least common. CONCLUSIONS With some awareness and basic knowledge, many of the cutaneous lesions of external ear can be diagnosed and treated whenever patients report to a clinician, thus saving valuable time, effort and money of the patient. KEYWORDS Cutaneous Lesions, Skin Lesions, External Ear

scholarly journals Cough Variant Asthma in Medical Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Swapna Bhattacharjee ◽  
Shekhar Bhattacharjee ◽  
Rukhsana Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cough Variant Asthma ◽  
Medical College

Background: Cough variant asthma (CVA) is a subset of asthma where the only symptom is chronic persistent cough. Many cases go unrecognized due to lack of proper evaluation. Response to asthma medication with features supportive of airway hypersensitivity helps in management of this disease. Objective: To find out the proportion of cough variant asthma among the patients attending medicine outpatient department of Enam Medical College, Savar, Dhaka. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Enam Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka over a period of two years from July 2009 to July 2011. Cough variant asthma was diagnosed mainly on clinical ground as chronic cough without wheezing, fever, weight loss, shortness of breath or sputum or any other apparent cause that persisted for more than eight weeks with absolutely normal physical examination of chest, normal chest radiography and blood count except raised eosinophil count and IgE level. Patients who met these criteria were given 2 weeks course of inhaler beclomethasone propionate and were assessed for improvement. Those who improved after steroid inhalation were categorised as having cough variant asthma. Results: Out of purposively selected 148 patients complaining only of chronic dry cough for more than eight weeks, 92 patients met the primary selection criteria for cough variant asthma. These 92 patients were given 2 weeks trial of 250 ìgm beclomethasone inhalation twice daily. Seventy nine patients reported almost complete recovery from chronic cough after 2 weeks and were categorized as having CVA. Thirteen patients did not improve and were not categorized as CVA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cough variant asthma is the most common among the patients with chronic cough not due to any apparent cause. The efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid suggests that early intervention is effective in the treatment of this disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i1.13871 J Enam Med Col 2013; 3(1): 29-31

scholarly journals Knowledge of Vitamin D among First-year Medical Undergraduate Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (235) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratibha Manandhar ◽  
Naresh Manandhar ◽  
Sunil Kumar Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Medical Undergraduate Students

Introduction: Vitamin D also known as the sunshine vitamin, helps in bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. It is estimated that one billion people in the world have vitamin D deficiency making it a public health problem. The objective of this study is to find out the knowledge regarding vitamin D among first-year medical undergraduate students of a medical college. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out from 2nd February 2020 to 15th February 2020 at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Duwakot among medical undergraduate students of a medical college. Ethical clearance was received from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (Reference Number: 2812201809). A structured self-designed multiple-choice questionnaire on vitamin D knowledge was used. Convenient sampling method was applied and statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20 version. Results: Out of total 157 undergraduate medical students, 21 (13.3%) exhibited good knowledge, 116 (73.9.8%) had average, and 20 (12.8%) had poor knowledge. There were 83 (52.9%) Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students, 39 (24.8%) were Bachelor of Dental Surgery and 35 (22.3%) were Nursing students. Conclusions: We found a satisfactory level of knowledge of vitamin D among first-year undergraduate medical students of a medical college when compared to similar studies. The majority of students from all three disciplines had average knowledge of vitamin D.

scholarly journals A Pattern of Age-related Macular Degeneration

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (175) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suprada Pokhrel ◽  
O K Malla ◽  
C L Pradhananga ◽  
S N Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Introduction: Age related macular degeneration is a disorder of the macula most often clinicallyapparent affecting central vision and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the populationabove 50 years. The aim of this study is to determine clinical profi le of AMD in Nepalese presentingto a Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu.Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The subjects included in the study were thosepresenting to the Ophthalmology department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospitalfrom July 2007- Dec 2007.The total number of individuals included in the study were 402 and totalnumber of eyes were 804.Results: AMD was observed in 5.2% out of 402 subjects of 40 years and above age group withprevalence increasing with age. The prevalence of AMD was 0.7% within 40-50 years of age-groupindividuals increasing to 2.6% in 51-60 years, 6.5% in 61-70 years and to 19.3% among subjectsabove 71 years. This study revealed that the prevalence of AMD in females was higher with femalepreponderance in ratio of 2.5:1. 52.5 % AMD subjects in our study had visual impairment with 6/24-6/60 vision and 15% had vision <3/60-PL. Our study revealed statistically signifi cant increased riskfor AMD with aging (p=0.00). Increased risk was observed in female gender and diabetics though theOdds ratio (OR) was statistically insignifi cant (p=>0.01).Conclusions: Prevalence of AMD in Nepalese presenting to Kathmandu Medical College TeachingHospital was 5% with female preponderance in ratio of 2.5:1. Aging showed statistically signifi cantincreased risk for AMD development in this study.Key Words: Age-related macular degeneration, blindness, Nepalese, prevalence

scholarly journals Pattern of superficial venous arrangement in cubital fossa among preclinical Nepalese MBBS students at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Sanjib Kumar Sah ◽  
Sidarth Timsinha ◽  
Raju Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Shah ◽  
Umesh Kumar Mehta
Keyword(s):  
College Teaching ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reconstructive Microsurgery ◽  
Cubital Fossa ◽  
The Right

Background: The superficial veins of the cubital fossa are frequently variable in existence and arrangement. Many clinical procedures, such as reconstructive microsurgery and arterial bypass surgery, as well as intravenous injections or therapy, require the use of superficial veins. Aims and Objective: The aim of the study was to observe and describe the variations in anatomical distribution of the superficial veins of the cubital fossa in Nepalese pre-clinical medical students. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study included a total of 98 students between 18 to 24 years of age. A total of 196 anterior aspects of both arms were examined for cubital venous pattern. A tourniquet was applied at the mid-arm and drawing of the pattern of veins was made on a separate unglazed paper. The venous patterns in the cubital fossa were then categorized based on their gender. Results: Six patterns of superficial veins of the cubital fossa were observed. The commonest pattern in both genders was type I pattern. No statistical significant difference was observed between patterns of superficial veins on the right and left cubital fossa (P = 0.728 and 0.825 respectively) in both male and female subjects. Conclusion: Our research showed six venous patterns of superficial veins at the cubital fossa in Nepalese population. Understanding the common anatomy, patterns and variations of superficial vein anastomosis is imperative as this knowledge would help those needing venous access for various medical procedures.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Perinatal Asphyxia in Neonates at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Raja Manandhar ◽  
Rydam Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

  Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the major causes of perinatal and early neonatal mortality in developing countries. The main objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in babies born at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital over six month period (January to June 2019). All preterm, term and post term babies delivered at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital were included. Ethical clearance was received from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College (Ref.:2812201808). Convenient sampling method was applied. Data analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 18), point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: A total of 1284 babies delivered over six months period were enrolled in this study and 47 (3.66 %) babies were asphyxiated, at 95% Confidence Interval (2.64%-4.68%). The mean birth weight of asphyxiated babies was 2759.75±65 grams and gestational age was 37.57±2 weeks. Among asphyxiated babies, 15 (32%) babies were normal, 15 (32%) babies were in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy stage I, 14 (30%) were in stage II and 3 (6%) were in stage III. Twenty Three (49%) asphyxiated babies had antenatal risk factors and all 47 babies had intrapartum risk factors leading to asphyxia. Conclusions: Prevalence of perinatal asphyxia was lower compared to that of other similar tertiary care hospitals. Perinatal asphyxia remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.

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