scholarly journals Gender Differences in Depression in the General Population of Indonesia: Confounding Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andi Agus Mumang ◽  
Saidah Syamsuddin ◽  
Ida Leida Maria ◽  
Irawan Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Research findings on gender differences in depression are inconsistent. This study investigated gender and depression in the Indonesian population and considered possible confounding effects. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. Participants completed the following self-report measures: demographic characteristic questions, the Cultural Orientation Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Gender differences in depression were examined using a generalized linear model. Results. After withdrawals, 265 men and 243 women remained. Women and men did not differ in overall scores and four-factor depression symptoms even after adjusting for cultural orientation and demographic confounding factors, except for the depression symptoms “crying,” “cannot get going,” and “people were unfriendly.” Gender differences in depression became significant after adjusting for stereotypical symptom variance. Men reported being lonelier than women. Conclusions. Possible confounding effects on the association between gender and depression are methodological issues, cultural orientation transition, and stereotypical symptoms. Low depression scores found for gender may reflect dimension-counterpart coping strategies.

Medical Student Syndrome: A Hypochondriacal Distress In Undergraduates– Verity Or Myth

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Sana Akbar ◽  
Misbah Riaz ◽  
Lalarukh Munawar ◽  
Shazia Shakoor
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Objective: The purpose of this study was to correlate the hypochondriacal concerns related to diseases with level of anxiety and depression symptoms among medical and engineering undergraduates. Study design and Setting: Cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduates of final year students of BUMDC (Bahria University Medical & Dental College) and engineering students from NUST- PNEC (NUST – Pakistan Navy Engineering College). Methodology: In this study; (99) final year medical students and (92) engineering students were recruited. In order to maintain consistency of age, students aging between 21–26 years were selected. Selected students were handed to fill the required ‘Self-administered Questionnaire’ comprising of demographic details, short health anxiety inventory, medical history and DASS (depression, anxiety and stress scale) which were completed on-site. Data was entered in SPSS version 21 and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: Out of 191 students in total from both the groups n=86 (45%) were females and n=105(55%) were males. There were 99 participants from MBBS and 92 from engineering. The participants’ ages ranged from 21-26 years with a mean= 23.95 (SD±2.29), both the cohorts belonged to approximately same age group. While assessing depression the responses were not very different for both the groups. When responses of depression scale were related to visits to psychiatrists or psychologist or psychotherapist a strong relationship was observed (p=0.012) in medical students cohort. Conclusion: The results of the study reflected comparable psychosocial strain at an elevated level among both student groups

scholarly journals Internet Addiction among Senior Medical Students in King Abdulaziz University, Prevalence and Association with Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan A Bakarman
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional

INTRODUCTION: Excessive internet use can lead to negative outcomes such as poor academic performance and social isolation. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of the internet addiction and to explore the factors associated with depression among medical students, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.METHODS: The total number of senior medical students was 1049 in the academic years 2013-2014. An analytical cross sectional study was adopted. Stratified sampling technique with proportional allocation to recruit medical students. A self-administered questionnaire was used which adopted the 20-item Young’s internet addiction test (IAT) to explore the internet addictions, while the existence of depression was assessed using the centre for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D).RESULTS: The study included 161 medical students, making the response rate of 78.2%. Majority (94.4%) had computer and 99.4% were using the internet. Community sites ranked first (40.6%), whereas general sites, chatting and emailing were preferred by 14.4%, 10% and 10% respectively. Internet addiction was reported among only five students (3.1%). Possible addiction was reported among 74 students (46.3%). Male students (66.2%) were more addicts to internet than females (44.6%) (P=0.007). The 4th year students reported the highest rate of internet addiction or possible addiction (70.3%) (P=0.003). All internet addicts were depressed, whereas 74.1% of possible addicts and 62.2% of non addicts were depressed (P=0.088). However, the trend in the prevalence of depression in the three different situations was statistically significant (P=0.034).CONCLUSION: Internet addiction is growing hidden problem, which has psychological and social impact on medical students and requires preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.

Relationship between perceptions of treatment goals and psychological distress in patients with advanced cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11621-11621
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Jankowski ◽  
Deborah Anne Forst ◽  
Joseph Greer ◽  
Ryan David Nipp ◽  
Lauren Waldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Goal ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Relationship

11621 Background: Several studies have demonstrated discordance between how patients perceive their goal of treatment versus how they perceive their oncologist’s goal. Studies evaluating the extent and risk factors of this discordance are lacking. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 559 patients with incurable lung, gastrointestinal, breast, and brain cancers. We used the Perception of Treatment and Prognosis Questionnaire to assess patients’ perceptions of both their treatment goal and their oncologist’s goal and categorized responses: 1) patients who reported that both their goal and their oncologist’s goal was concordant (either to cure or not to cure); and 2) patients who reported discordant perceptions of their goal versus their oncologist’s goal. We assessed patients’ psychological distress using the Hospital-Anxiety-and-Depression-Scale and used linear regression to assess the relationship between patients’ perceptions of their treatment goal and psychological outcomes. Results: 61.7% of patients reported that both their goal and their oncologist’s goal was non-curative; 19.3% reported that both their goal and their oncologist’s goal was to cure their cancer; and 19.0% reported discordance between their goal and their perception of the oncologist’s goal. Older age (OR = 0.98, P = 0.01), non-Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 0.31, P = 0.049), and higher education (OR = 0.62, P = 0.042) were associated with lower likelihood of reporting discordant goals. Patients with discordant perceptions of their goal and their oncologist’s goal reported higher anxiety (B = 1.56, P = 0.003) compared to those who reported that both their goal and their oncologist’s goal was curative. Patients who reported both their goal and the oncologist’s goal was non-curative had higher depression symptoms (B = 1.06, P = 0.013) compared to those who reported that both their goal and the oncologists’ goal was curative. Conclusions: One-fifth of patients with advanced cancer report discrepancies between their perceptions of their own and their oncologists’ treatment goal which is associated with psychological distress. Tools are needed to identify patients at risk of cognitive dissonance about their prognosis.

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Factors that Influence the Detection of Depression in Older Primary Care Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon J Pfaff ◽  
Jon J Pfaff ◽  
Osvaldo P Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Summary Sheet

Objective: To determine the characteristics of depressed older patients whose mental health status is detected by their general practitioner (GP). Method: Cross-sectional analytical design of 218 patients scoring above the cut-off (≥ 16) of the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D), from a sample of 916 consecutive patients aged 60 years or over attending one of 54 randomly selected GPs in Western Australia. Prior to their medical consultation, patients completed a self-report questionnaire, which included questions about depressive symptomatology (CES-D). Following the consultation, general practitioners recorded the patient's presenting complaint(s), medication information, and mental health details on a patient summary sheet. Results: Among these 218 patients, 39.9% (87/218) were correctly classified as depressed by their GP. Detection of depressive symptomatology was associated with patients who acknowledged taking sleeping tablets (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3–5.4), had CES-D scores indicative of major depression (≥ 22) (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.4–5.6) and were thought to be at risk for suicide (OR = 35.1, 95% CI = 4.5–274.2). Conclusions: While GPs are most apt to detect depression among older patients with prominent mental health symptoms, many patients in this age group silently experience significant depressive symptomatology and miss the opportunity for effective treatment. The routine use of screening tools in primary care is recommended to enhance the detection rate of depression in older adults.

Edinburgh Vein Study: Methods and Response in a Survey of Venous Disease in the General Population

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J. Evans ◽  
F. G. R. Fowkes ◽  
C. V. Ruckley ◽  
P. L. Allan ◽  
M. N. Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To describe the methods required to conduct a large epidemiological study of venous disease in the general population, and the resulting response. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University of Edinburgh. Participants: Men and women aged 18–64 years, randomly selected from general practice registers. Methods: Subjects were invited for the following procedures: questionnaire, height and weight measurement, classification of varices and chronic venous insufficiency, duplex measurement of duration of venous reflux and venous blood sampling. A questionnaire survey of non-responders was carried out. Results of response: A total of 1566 subjects attended, a final response rate of 53.8%. The response rate increased with age. The distribution of ethnic origin and social class of attenders was similar to that of the general Edinburgh population. Study participants were generally older, from more affluent areas and more often female than non-responders ( p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Large epidemiological studies of venous disease in the community are feasible but the level of response illustrates the importance of obtaining information on the disease status of non-responders.

scholarly journals Intrafamily relations and resilience as protectors against depressive symptoms in Mexican high school students

Salud Mental ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Héctor Rubén Bravo-Andrade
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Short Version ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Introduction. Between 27.3% and 31.5% of adolescents in Mexico may present symptoms of depression. This issue has been studied from both family and resilience perspectives, although few studies have examined their interaction. Objective. In this study, we evaluated the influence of intrafamily relations and resilience on depressive symptoms in Mexican high school students, for which an analysis by sex was conducted. Method. For this correlation cross-sectional study, we evaluated 511 adolescents using the Revised Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies, the short version of the Intrafamily Relation Evaluation Scale, and the Revised Resilience Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. We performed multiple linear regression analyzes by sex using the stepwise method. Results. For young men, the predictor variables were expression, difficulties, and problem-solving (R2a = .34), whereas for young women the variables were union and support, difficulties, and empathy (R2a = .25). Discussion and conclusion. This study indicates specific aspects of intrafamily relations and resilience to develop sex-sensitive interventions to prevent depression in high school students.

scholarly journals Social inequalities and prevalence of depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study of women in a Mexican border city, 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alheli Calderon-Villarreal ◽  
Oscar J. Mujica ◽  
Ietza Bojorquez
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective. To assess the association between intersectional disadvantage and clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDS), describing the magnitude of social inequalities in the prevalence of symptoms among adult women in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. CSDS were assessed using the Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale among a probability sample of 2 345 women from 18 – 65 years of age in 2014. CSDS prevalence was calculated according to categories of three social stratifiers: socioeconomic status (SES), educational attainment, and fertility (number of children). Social inequality was measured with the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index (CIx). Intersectionality among stratifiers was explored descriptively and with multivariable regression analysis. Results. CSDS prevalence was 17.7% (95%CI: 15.1% – 21.0%). The SII and CIx showed inequity in all social stratifiers. The absolute difference in CSDS prevalence between the lowest and highest ends of the SES gradient was 21.9% (95%CI: 21.5% – 22.4%). Among the most disadvantaged women, i.e., those at the intersection of lowest SES, lowest educational attainment, and highest fertility, the CSDS prevalence was 39.5% (95% CI: 26.0% – 52.9%). Conclusions. Disadvantage along multiple axes was associated with CSDS. Efforts to improve the mental health of women should include equity-oriented policies that address its social determinants.

scholarly journals Clinical Oral Health Recommended Care and Oral Health Self-Report, NHANES, 2013-2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Constance Wiener ◽  
Nilanjana Dwibedi ◽  
Chan Shen ◽  
Patricia A. Findley ◽  
Usha Sambamoorthi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recommended Care ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Oral Pain ◽  
Self Reports

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the concordance of self-reported responses to oral health questions versus clinically evaluated recommended need for oral healthcare by calibrated dentists to determine usefulness of the questions for epidemiological studies. We additionally examined other factors associated with concordant self-reports versus clinical evaluations. Materials and Methods. We used a cross-sectional study design with 4,205 participants, ages 30 years and above, who had complete oral health self-perception data and dental referral data in the NHANES 2013-14. Calibrated dentists completed clinical oral healthcare assessments. The assessments were dichotomized to (1) recommendation for immediate care and (2) routine oral health care. Self-reported oral health needs were measured with 6 items (an overall oral health self-perception question, oral pain within the previous year, impact on job/school, suspected periodontal disease, tooth appearance, and tooth mobility). The key item of interest was the overall oral health self-perception question. Results. Concordance with clinically evaluated recommended need for oral healthcare varied from 52.0% (oral pain) to 65.4% (overall oral health self-perception). Many subgroup differences were observed. Conclusions. The overall self-perception of oral health and the clinical evaluation of oral healthcare need were substantially concordant; other self-reported measures were moderately concordant. This is useful information and points to the need for a minimum set of measures that can provide actionable information and capture the need for clinical dental care.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms in urban population samples in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bobak ◽  
Hynek Pikhart ◽  
Andrzej Pajak ◽  
Ruzena Kubinova ◽  
Sofia Malyutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Czech Republic

BackgroundRelatively little is known about depression in countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union, especially Russia.AimsTo investigate the rates and distribution of depressive symptoms in urban population samples in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected men and women aged 45–64 years (n=2151 intotal, response rate 69%) in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland) and Karvina (Czech Republic). The point prevalence of depressive symptoms in the past week was defined as a score of at least 16 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale.ResultsIn men the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 23% in Russia, 21% in Poland and 19% in the Czech Republic; in women the rates were 44%, 40% and 34% respectively. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with material deprivation, being unmarried and binge drinking. The association between education and depression was inverse in Poland and the Czech Republic but positive in Russia.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms in these eastern European urban populations was relatively high; as in other countries, it was associated with alcohol and several sociodemographic factors.

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