scholarly journals Environmental Estimation of Radiation Equivalent Dose Rates in Soils and Waters of Northern Calabria (Italy)

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ilaria Guagliardi ◽  
Tommaso Caloiero ◽  
Ernesto Infusino ◽  
Giovanni Callegari ◽  
Nicola Ricca
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Equivalent Dose ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Equivalent Dose Rate ◽  
The Mean

In this study, the equivalent dose rate of natural radionuclides ( H T ) in 99 spring water and surface soil samples was determined using an alpha, beta, and gamma high sensitivity detector up within a Geiger-Muller tube and with an external probe NaI (Tl). The samples were collected in the Crati basin (southern Italy), and during sample collection, water quality parameters were detected in situ and at the University of Calabria laboratories. A Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was applied to identify and clarify the relationships between water physical-chemical properties and soil and water radioactivity. Results show that the mean H T for spring waters is 97.07 μSv/h. Furthermore, the mean H T for surface soils is 97.92 μSv/h, thus evidencing higher mean H T values than worldwide ones reported in a previous literature. Low correlation coefficients were detected between water H T and conductivity and pH. On the contrary, a reasonable correlation was found between H T in spring water and in soil. This relationship is associated with some rocks of the Sila Massif and of Coastal Chain, i.e., plutonic and metamorphic crystalline rocks. Finally, the estimation of the health risk was calculated: results did not evidence serious dangers for people living in the studied environment. The results from this survey for the H T evaluation provide an extensive assessment of the background exposure levels in the investigated area.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Comparison of Multispectral Refraction Topography and Autorefractometer in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunru Liao ◽  
Zhenlan Yang ◽  
Zijing Li ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the measuring consistency of central refraction between multispectral refraction topography (MRT) and autorefractometry.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including subjects in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from September 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, ages 20 to 35 years with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. All patients underwent cycloplegia, and the refractive status was estimated with autorefractometer, experienced optometrist and MRT. We analyzed the central refraction of the autorefractometer and MRT. The repeatability and reproducibility of values measured using both devices were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: A total of 145 subjects ages 20 to 35 (290 eyes) were enrolled. The mean central refraction of the autorefractometer was −4.69 ± 2.64 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75 D), while the mean central refraction of MRT was −4.49 ± 2.61 diopters (D) (range −8.79 to +5.02 D). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between the two devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) also showed high agreement. The intrarater and interrater ICC values of central refraction were more than 0.90 in both devices and conditions. At the same time, the mean central refraction of experienced optometrist was −4.74 ± 2.66 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75D). The intra-class correlation coefficient of central refraction measured by MRT and subjective refraction was 0.939.Conclusions: Results revealed that autorefractometry, experienced optometrist and MRT show high agreement in measuring central refraction. MRT could provide a potential objective method to assess peripheral refraction.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Treatment Characteristics and Outcomes in an Educational Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
T. Al-Jewair ◽  
V. Ryan ◽  
S. Warunek
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Dental Esthetics ◽  
Treatment Characteristics ◽  
The Mean

Background. To assess and correlate orthodontic treatment characteristics and outcomes in an educational setting. Methods. A total of 287 patients were included. Independent chart reviews were conducted to gather demographic and pretreatment diagnostic information. Posttreatment digital records were graded with the ABO C-R Eval and the CCA methods. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine associations between variables. Results. Of the 287 patients, 122 (42.5%) were male and 165 (57.5%) were female. The total average treatment time was 33.87 ± 10.28 months, with a range from 11 to 75 months. The mean ABO C-R Eval score was 29.10 ± 8.59 points. The parameters with the highest scores were buccolingual inclination and occlusal contacts. The mean CCA score was 3.36 ± 2.05 points. The highest scores were recorded for dental esthetics and management of the periodontium. Higher ABO DI scores were weakly correlated with longer treatment times (r = 0.258; p<0.001). ABO C-R Eval scores showed a weakly significant association with treatment duration (r = 0.162; p=0.006), while CCA scores were moderately associated with treatment duration (r = 0.451; p<0.001). Conclusions. As treatment duration increased, the total ABO C-R Eval and CCA scores tended to increase; thus, quality of treatment outcomes decreased. A significant positive correlation was also found with the ABO DI score and treatment duration.

Parabrachial gustatory neural activity during licking by rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 974-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nishijo ◽  
R. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fluid Delivery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parabrachial Nuclei ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analyses ◽  
Paired T Test

1. A total of 51 single neurons was recorded from the pontine parabrachial nuclei of three rats being given sapid stimuli either via intraoral infusions or during spontaneous licking behavior. In 46 neurons, sapid stimuli elicited significant taste responses; of these, 28 responded best to NaCl, 15 to sucrose, 2 to citric acid, and 1 to quinine HCl. The remaining five neurons responded significantly only to water. The mean spontaneous rate of taste neurons during the intraoral infusion and licking sessions was 11.1 +/- 1.1 and 10.8 +/- 1.2 (SE) spikes/s, respectively. 2. Of the 39 neurons tested during both licking and intraoral infusions, four responded significantly only to water via either route. The remaining 35 neurons responded significantly to at least some sapid stimuli. The best-stimulus categories remained the same regardless of the route of fluid delivery (24 NaCl best, 10 sucrose best, 1 citric acid best). When the rats were licking the stimuli, nine taste neurons responded significantly to only one sapid chemical [6 Na specific (Ns) and 3 sucrose specific (Ss)] but were more broadly tuned during intraoral infusions. Conversely, three taste neurons that responded specifically during intraoral infusions (3 Na specific) were not as specific when the animal licked the same fluids. 3. Thirty-five taste neurons were tested via both stimulus routes. These data were compared in three ways. First, for each neuron, the responses elicited during licking and intraoral infusions were compared for each of the four standard sapid stimuli. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the 35 taste neurons ranged from 0.9997 to 0.6785, with a mean at 0.953 +/- 0.012 (SE). The second comparison was between stimulus routes across chemicals. With the use of raw responses, the correlation coefficients for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and QHCl ranged from 0.925 to 0.778 (t test, P less than 0.0001). With the activity elicited by water subtracted (corrected responses), the correlation coefficients for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and QHCl were 0.900, 0.795, 0.369, and 0.211, respectively. The coefficient for QHCl was not significant (t test, P greater than 0.05). Finally, the mean responses to NaCl, sucrose, and citric acid delivered by both routes were compared and found not to differ (paired t test, P greater than 0.05). 4. In separate hierarchical cluster analyses for the licking and infusion data, the largest cluster in each contained all of the Na-best neurons and the next largest, all of the sucrose-best cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ON SOIL AGGREGATION AND RESPONSE TO VAMA

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Saini ◽  
A. A. MacLean ◽  
J. J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates to certain soil properties (clay, organic matter, free iron, free aluminum, and polysaccharide contents) and the relationship of the increase in aggregation caused by VAMA to the same properties of 24 New Brunswick soils were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses.Simple correlation coefficients relating aggregation to soil properties indicated that organic matter (r = 0.627), polysaccharides (r = 0.602), and aluminum (r = 0.679) were the most important factors. However, when the influence of each factor was separated by partial correlation, the coefficients were not significant. On the other hand, the combined effects of all factors as indicated by the multiple correlation coefficient (r = 0.743) was significant at the 1% level. The effect of the same soil properties on response to VAMA, as shown by increase in mean weight diameter, indicated that clay exerted the greatest influence. The relationship with other factors was nonsignificant.

scholarly journals Anthropometry of Female Agricultural Workers of Madhya Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Potdar ◽  
K.N. Agrawal ◽  
Prabhakar Shukla ◽  
Bikram Jyoti
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Maximum Coefficient ◽  
The Mean

Most of the agricultural operations in India are performed manually with hand tools and equipment by female agricultural workers. This prompted designers to use female anthropometric data in designing of farm equipment and workplaces in order to reduce drudgery, to enhance safety, to improve performance, productivity and efficiency. A study was conducted to collect the anthropometric data of selected 30 female agricultural workers in the age group of 22-54 years from Madhya Pradesh state. For design of agricultural tools, equipment and workplaces the important, thirty eight body dimensions including weight were identified and measured. The values of mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum, maximum, coefficient of variation (CV) and 1st, 5th, 50th, 95th and 99th percentile values were calculated of selected body dimensions. The mean weight and stature of female agricultural workers were found to be 53 kg and 1536 mm, respectively. A large variation in anthropometric dimensions in the anthropometric data of female farm workers of different states of India and other countries was observed. Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) were calculated among selected anthropometric dimensions of subjects. The correlation coefficients of measured data varied from 0.65-0.98.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF FLUCTUATION OF EQUIVALENT DOSE RATE DUE TO RADIONUCLIDE RADIATION IN BUILDINGS

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milda Pečiulienė ◽  
Gražina Grigaliūnaitė-Vonsevičienė ◽  
Aloyzas Girgždys
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Equivalent Dose ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Empirical Dependence ◽  
Equivalent Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Gamma Field

Radionuclide gamma radiation in building materials twist natural gamma field, therefore, dosimetry investigation of ionizing radiation of natural radionuclides was carried out near various building constructions. It was detected that equivalent dose rate of natural radionuclides increases exponentially (this empirical dependence stays in force to 10–15 meters from a building) while approaching a building under investigation. It was measured that buildings increase ionizing radiation approximately 1,5–2 times. Wooden buildings are an exception. They change natural background to 5 %. The values of equivalent dose rate in buildings are distributed according to Gaussian distribution. The measured equivalent dose rate is 1,5 times smaller in wooden houses then in block, silicate and ceramic bricks houses.

scholarly journals Effect of sleep duration and quality in the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indians

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Sadanand C. D. ◽  
Madhuvan H. S. ◽  
Ravishankar S. N. ◽  
Thimmareddy S. R.
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
The Mean

Background: Rapid urbanization has caused increase in the incidence of Diabetes and Sleep debt. This study is intended to see any correlation between Diabetes and sleep quality.Methods: Diabetes subjects who had there HbA1c done in the past three months were enrolled and their sleep was studied using Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) which is simple, reliable epidemiological tool with high sensitivity and specificity. Subjects with chronic pain were excluded.Results: The mean PSQI score of males was more than that of female which was statistically insignificant. Urban diabetes subjects had a higher PSQI score than rural subjects. Pearson correlation (r) was 0.22 for HbA1c and PSQI score which was statistically significant with p=0.04.  Though the subjects with less than 5 hours of sleep had a higher HbA1c compared to those with more than 5 hours of sleep this was statistically insignificant.Conclusions: This study showed positive correlation between sleep quality and Diabetes.

scholarly journals Natural Radioactivity and Radon Exhalation from Building Materials in Underground Parking Lots

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7475
Author(s):  
Dainius Jasaitis ◽  
Milda Pečiulienė
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Equivalent Dose ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Radon Exhalation ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Equivalent Dose Rate

The change of natural ionizing radiation and the radon exhalation rates from typical building materials in underground parking lots are presented in the article. The activity concentration of natural radionuclides 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K in six important types of construction materials, which are mostly used in Lithuania, were analyzed using high-resolution gamma spectroscopy. The highest values were found in concrete and ferroconcrete samples: 226Ra 44 and 90 Bq kg−1; 232Th 29 and 34 Bq kg−1; 40K 581 and 603 Bq kg−1. A strong positive correlation (0.88) was observed between radium activity concentration and radon concentration. The activity indexes (Iα and Iγ) and radium equivalent activity (Req) evaluating the suitability of materials for such constructions from the view of radiation safety were determined. The average values of the calculated absorbed dose rate in samples ranged from 18.24 nGy h−1 in the sand to 87.26 nGy h−1 in ferroconcrete. The calculated annual effective dose was below the limit of 1.0 mSv y−1. The values of the external and internal hazards index (Hex and Hin) were all below unity, and the values of Iγ and Iα were below the recommended levels of 0.5 and 1. Dosimetric analysis of underground parking lots was carried out. It was determined that the external equivalent dose rate caused by the 222Rn progeny radiation in the underground car parking lots varies from 17 to 30% of the total equivalent dose rate.

Abstract 68: Compression Depth Was Correlated with SNR in VF but Not in Nonshockable Rhythms During CPR

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqin Li ◽  
Yushun Gong ◽  
Bihua Chen ◽  
Mi He
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Pulseless Electrical Activity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Compression Depth ◽  
Rhythm Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Artifacts produced by chest compression (CC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) preclude reliable automated ECG rhythm analysis. Several filtering techniques have been proposed to remove the artifact with the use of compression related signals as reference. In order to test the performance of the filters, CPR-corrupted signals were usually generated at different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels and the improvements in SNR were evaluated. However, SNR in real cardiac arrest data and the relationship between compression depth (CD) and SNR are still unknown. Method: ECG, together with CD signals were recorded through defibrillators in 146 patients who experienced cardiac arrest and CPR. A total of 306 segments (6 seconds length, sample rate 250Hz), including 152 ventricular fibrillation (VF), 91 pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and 63 asystole were analyzed. Each segment consisted of 3 seconds corrupted and adjacent 3 seconds artifact-free signal. The power of signal was calculated from the artifact-free signal and the power of artifact was obtained through subtracting the power of corrupted ECG by the power of artifact-free signal. The relationship between CD and SNR was tested with Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The average CD was 4.76±1.24cm. SNR of asystole was significantly lower compared to that of VF and PEA (-21.93±7.37 dB vs. -5.04±8.53 dB and -3.70±7.16 dB, p<0.01). As shown in the Figure, the correlation coefficient was -0.16 (p<0.01) between CD and SNR. When each of the rhythms was investigated individually, negative correlation between CD and SNR was only observed in VF (r =–0.21, p < 0.01). Conclusion: In this patient population, SNR of corrupted ECG was not correlated with CD when the underlying rhythms were non-shockable. This may, at least in part, accounted for the reported high sensitivity but low specificity when adaptive filters were used to remove artifact using CD related signals as reference.

scholarly journals Radiological and health hazards resulting from radioactivity and elemental composition of some soil samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdu Hamoud Al-Khawlany ◽  
A. R. Khan ◽  
J. M. Pathan
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk

AbstractInspection of the radioactivity level in the soil is very important for human health and environmental protection. This study aims at evaluating the radiological hazards and pollution risks related to natural radionuclides and elements in the selected soil samples. Ten samples of soil were collected from different sites of Aurangabad-India and the level of radioactivity was measured using gamma-ray spectrometry with NaI (Tl) detector. Furthermore, the Physico-chemical properties such as pH, organic matter, electrical conductivity, moisture, soil texture, etc., and elemental composition of soils have been decided on using various standard techniques. The mean concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 8.178, 17.408, and 96.496 Bq/kg, respectively, which are lower than the global average values of 35, 30, and 400 Bq/kg, respectively (UNSCEAR, 2000). The radiological hazard indices such as radium equivalent, absorbed dose, annual effective dose, internal index, external index, gamma index, excess lifetime cancer risk, etc., were calculated to assess the radiation hazards and compared with internationally recommended values which found to be lower than the permissibility limits.The Pearson correlation was applied to determine the existing relationship between radionuclides and radiological health hazard parameters, as well as with the physicochemical properties of the soil samples. The major and trace elements presented in soils were measured and their mean concentration was ranked in the formed order (Mg>Na>Ca>K>N>Mn>Fe>P>Zn>Cu). The pollution risk parameters (Geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, degree of contamination, pollution load index, and potential ecological risk index) related to the elements in the samples were assessed and results shown that the soils under study are unpolluted with the measured elements. Generally, the radioactivity levels and pollution risks indices in the soils of the study area are within the permissible safety limits and do not cause any significant health threat to humans. Thus, the presented data provide a general background of the detectable radionuclides for the study area and can be helpful in the future as a reference for more extensive studies in the same field.

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