scholarly journals Antialgal Synergistic Polystyrene Blended with Polyethylene Glycol and Silver Sulfadiazine for Healthcare Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Raheel Anjum ◽  
Shehla Mushtaq ◽  
M. Asad Abbas ◽  
Azhar Mahmood ◽  
Habib Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Wide Range

Polystyrene (PS) was blended with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and silver sulfadiazine (SS) with different weight proportions to form polymeric blends. These synthesized blends were preliminary characterized in terms of functional groups through the FTIR technique. All compositions were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis for studying thermal transition and were founded thermally stable even at 280°C. The zeta potential and average diameter of algal strains of Dictyosphaerium sp. (DHM1), Dictyosphaerium sp. (DHM2), and Pectinodesmus sp. (PHM3) were measured to be -32.7 mV, -33.0 mV, and -25.7 mV and 179.6 nm, 102.6 nm, and 70.4 nm, respectively. Upon incorporation of PEG and SS into PS blends, contact angles were decreased while hydrophilicity and surface energy were increased. However, increase of surface energy did not led to decrease of antialgal activities. This has indicated that biofilm adhesion is not a major antialgal factor in these blended materials. The synergetic effect of PEG and SS in PS blends has exhibited significant antialgal activity via the agar disk diffusion method. The PSPS10 composition with 10 w / w % PEG and 10 w / w % SS has exhibited highest inhibition zones 10.8 mm, 10.8 mm, and 11.3 mm against algal strains DHM1, DHM2, and DHM3, respectively. This thermally stable polystyrene blends with improved antialgal properties have potential for a wide range of applications including marine coatings.

Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern and mecA gene frequency in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from clinical specimens in Marand hospital and treatment centers, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Jafari-Sales ◽  
Zahra Sadeghi Deylamdeh ◽  
Afsoon Shariat
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections and as a multivalent pathogen is one of the causative agents of nosocomial and community infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients in hospitals and medical centers in Marand city and also to evaluate the presence of mecA gene. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 385 samples of S. aureus were collected from different clinical samples of patients in hospitals and medical centers of Marand city. S. aureus was identified using standard biochemical methods.  Methicillin resistance was determined by disk diffusion method in the presence of oxacillin and cefoxitin. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by disk diffusion method and according to CLSI recommendation and also PCR method was used to evaluate the frequency of MecA gene. Results: In the present study, out of 385 samples of S. aureus, 215 (55.84%) samples were methicillin resistant. PCR results for mecA gene showed that 110 samples had mecA gene.  The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin (100%) and erythromycin (83.63%). Most MRSA were isolated from urine and wound samples. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant species and also the increase in antibiotic resistance of MRSA to various antibiotics.  Therefore, in order to prevent increased resistance to other antibiotics, it is recommended to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Essential Oil from Origanum vulgare Completely Inhibits the Growth of Multidrug-Resistant Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Pesavento ◽  
Valentina Maggini ◽  
Isabel Maida ◽  
Antonella Lo Nostro ◽  
Carmela Calonico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Wide Range

Essential oils (EOs) are known to inhibit the growth of a wide range of microorganisms. Particularly interesting is the possible use of EOs to treat multidrug-resistant cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens. We tested the essential oil (EO) from Origanum vulgare for in vitro antimicrobial activity, against three of the major human opportunistic pathogens responsible for respiratory infections in CF patients; these are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Antibiotic susceptibility of each strain was previously tested by the standard disk diffusion method. Most strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics and could be defined as multi-drug-resistant (MDR). The antibacterial activity of O. vulgare EO (OEO) against a panel of 59 bacterial strains was evaluated, with MIC and MBC determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours by a microdilution method. The OEO was effective against all tested strains, although to a different extent. The MBC and MIC of OEO for S. aureus strains were either lower or equal to 0.50%, v/v, for A. xylosoxidans strains were lower or equal to 1% and 0.50%, v/v, respectively; and for S. maltophilia strains were lower or equal to 0.25%, v/v. The results from this study suggest that OEO might exert a role as an antimicrobial in the treatment of CF infections.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from swine and poultry

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglárka Sellyei ◽  
Zsuzsanna Varga ◽  
Katalin Szentesi-Samu ◽  
Éva Kaszanyitzky ◽  
Tibor Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Wide Range

Pasteurella multocida causes infectious diseases in a wide range of animal species. Antimicrobial therapy is still an effective tool for treatment. Generally, P. multocida isolates are susceptible to most of the widely used commercial antimicrobial agents but their excessive and unjustified use accelerates the emergence of resistant strains. We defined the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of 56 P. multocida strains isolated from poultry (20) and swine [16 P. multocida toxin (PMT) positive and 20 PMT negative] to 16 widely applied antibiotics (apramycin, cefquinome, chloramphenicol, colistin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, neomycin, oxolinic acid, penicillin, trimethoprim potentiated sulphamethoxazole, sulphonamide compounds, tetracycline, tulathromycin) by the disk diffusion method. The majority of the strains was susceptible to most of the antimicrobial agents tested. However, the resistance to sulphonamides, tetracyclines, first-generation quinolones and aminoglycosides was remarkable, and thus the use of these compounds for the treatment of infection caused by P. multocida is not recommended. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activity of the classical penicillin, the newer macrolide (tulathromycin), the third-generation fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacin) and the fourth-generation cephalosporin (cefquinome) proved to be satisfactory against this bacterium.

scholarly journals Cefixime and Metals Complex Interaction: A systemic review on Drug-metals interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Md. Shahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Class ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Review Study

The review study work comprises of interaction studies of cefixime with different group of drugs and metals to know about the alteration in pharmacological activity of cefixime by other drugs or vice versa. Cefixime is included among the cephalosporin third generation drug class which is active against a wide range of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Since the presence of different therapeutic class of drugs like cefixime may affect the bioavailability as well as pharmacokinetics of other drugs and metal in the blood or tissues, therefore in order to study the potential interaction of cefixime with different therapeutic class of drugs and metals which can show several type of toxicity or may develop drug resistance in the body is the main reason to perform this study. About 102 articles were screened from different databases related to Cefixime and its interaction for this review. This review study claims that there is a possible interaction between cefixime and other drugs& metals which are confirmed by different method like GLC, HPLC, and Disk Diffusion Method. Drug resistance and unwanted adverse drug reactions are a common thing for different underlying factors which becomes an alarming issue. That’s why this is significant.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Patients Hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran (2016 - 2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Zamanian ◽  
Marya Shirvani ◽  
Alireza Janbakhsh ◽  
Babak Sayad ◽  
Siavash Vaziri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen, which often causes asymptomatic diseases. This bacterium could cause several disorders, ranging from skin infections to life-threatening diseases. S. aureus could also develop resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance in isolated S. aureus in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,228 patients with a positive S. aureus culture who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital during 2016 - 2018. In accordance with the CLSI protocol, bacterial isolates were separated using laboratory tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the standard disk-diffusion method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: Most of the S. aureus-positive cases were isolated from the emergency ward (43.7%), blood samples (40.1%), and urine samples (23.9%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin, penicillin G, ofloxacin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, and piperacillin. With 93.3% and 81.8% sensitivity, vancomycin and teicoplanin were respectively the most effective antibiotics against S. aureus. Conclusions: According to the results, the prevalence of resistant S. aureus strains could be due to the long-term hospitalization of patients and the overuse of antibiotics in infection treatment. Therefore, proper monitoring and development of effective infection control methods are essential in these healthcare settings.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial screening of Lycoperdon lividium and determination of the ethanol extract composition by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Canli ◽  
Ergin Murat Altuner ◽  
Ilgaz Akata ◽  
Yavuz Turkmen ◽  
Ugur Uzek
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Wide Range

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of <em>Lycoperdon lividium</em> against 17 bacterial and 1 fungal strains and analyse the composition of ethanol extracts by GC/MS. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of <em>L. lividium</em> extracts having 15 mg/mL concentration was assessed against a wide range of strains by disk diffusion method. The ethanol extract of <em>L. lividium</em> had antimicrobial activity against several microorganism tested, but it was active especially against <em>S. carnosus</em>. The results obtained herein indicate that <em>L. lividium</em> contains several active metabolites.</p><p class="Abstract">Video clip</p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/ymWOQBeNN84">Disk diffusion test</a>: 7 min 11 sec</p>

Solvothermal Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Nanomaterial for Biomedical Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Carlos Paucar Álvarez ◽  
Jeniffer S. Caballero Sarmiento ◽  
Sidónio C. Freitas ◽  
Claudia García
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

In order to generate bactericidal effects in the oral cavity, several alternatives have been studied, including the use of silver nanoparticles but presents problems such as toxicity and low biocompatibility. From human-inspired systems, the antibacterial efficiency of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles depends strongly on the type of composites and nanoparticles size. Several types of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and their derivatives have received much attention for their antibacterial potential effect, including magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The purpose of this research was to produce a biocompatible antimicrobial compound of nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium oxide to generate antibacterial effects in the oral cavity. The solvothermal method was used to produce hydroxyapatite nanoparticles doped with magnesium oxide. Antibacterial activity of as synthesized nanopowders against cariogenicStreptococcus mutanswas tested by the CLSI disk-diffusion method. As result of this research, hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium nanoparticles (nHAMg) were successfully synthetized by the solvothermal method where in structural characterization indicates magnesium substitution and FTIR analysis gives a broader spectrum of the nHAMg when compared to pure nHA and crystallite size of nHA decreased. Furthermore, results of antibacterial assays showed that nHAMg allow to inhibit the grown ofS. mutansby showing a halo of inhibition around the discs. Moreover, this antibacterial activity is enhanced by the addition of silver ion in an amount below to known toxic concentration, showing a synergetic effect that can further potentiate even more these HA nanoparticles. This work demonstrates that solvothermal method is a promising synthesis way for producing antibacterial hydroxyapatites nanoparticles for biomedical applications such as oral tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals The study of antimicrobial properties of film materials based on biopolymers and antiseptics

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
A. A. Nazarchuk ◽  
T. V. Denisko ◽  
N. I. Voloshchuk ◽  
H. H. Nazarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antimicrobial Biomaterials

The development of new biomaterials with improved properties is becoming increasingly important in a wide range of applications. However, some of the most sought-after properties are anti-microbial properties, which can help prevent unwanted wound infections, especially in the face of growing antibiotic resistance of bacteria. The aim of the study was to study the effect of antimicrobial biomaterials based on calcium alginate, as a polymer system of local prolonged delivery of quaternary ammonium compounds, on reference and clinical strains of microorganisms. Samples of antimicrobial biomaterials contained decamethoxin (0.03-0.07 wt%), and polymers (polyvinyl alcohol and calcium alginate). Reference and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used for the study. The sensitivity of strains of microorganisms was determined by the disk-diffusion method according to the generally accepted method. The result of antimicrobial activity was assessed after 24 hours. The mean (M), the mean error of the mean (± m), and the criterion for the significance of differences (p) were calculated. The presence of differences between the research data was assessed by the Student's t-criterion. The results were considered reliable at p<0.05. High antimicrobial properties of the studied samples of antimicrobial biomaterials based on calcium alginate and decamethoxin have been established. It was revealed that the samples of polymeric biomaterials have a higher activity against gram-positive microorganisms compared to gram-negative strains. The composition is not inferior to the antimicrobial effect of a solution of decamethoxin and chlorhexidine in relation to all strains of microorganisms.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of a Novel Composite Transposon Carrying armA and aac(6)-Ib Genes in an Escherichia coli Isolate from Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Mona T. Kashef ◽  
Omneya M. Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Coli Isolate ◽  
Wide Range

Aminoglycosides are used in treating a wide range of infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, aminoglycoside resistance is common and occurs by several mechanisms. Among these mechanisms is bacterial rRNA methylation by the 16S rRNA methyl transferase (16S-RMTase) enzymes; but data about the spread of this mechanism in Egypt are scarce. Cephalosporins are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in Egypt; therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of 16S-RMTase among third generation cephalosporin-resistant clinical isolates in Egypt. One hundred and twenty three cephalosporin resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates were screened for aminoglycosides resistance by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and tested for possible production of 16S-RMTase. PCR testing and sequencing were used to confirm the presence of 16S-RMTase and the associated antimicrobial resistance determinants, as well as the genetic region surrounding the armA gene. Out of 123 isolates, 66 (53.66%) were resistant to at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic. Only one Escherichia coli isolate (E9ECMO) which was totally resistant to all tested aminoglycosides, was confirmed to have the armA gene in association with blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14 and aac(6)-Ib genes. The armA gene was found to be carried on a large A/C plasmid. Genetic mapping of the armA surrounding region revealed, for the first time, the association of armA with aac(6)-Ib on the same transposon. In conclusion, the isolation frequency of 16S-RMTase was low among the tested aminoglycoside-resistant clinical samples. However, a novel composite transposon has been detected conferring high-level aminoglycosides resistance.

scholarly journals Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital, Klaten, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (S11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hera Nirwati ◽  
Kian Sinanjung ◽  
Fahrina Fahrunissa ◽  
Fernando Wijaya ◽  
Sarastia Napitupulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a common cause of health-care associated infections (HAIs) and has high levels of antibiotic resistance. These bacteria are well-known for their ability to produce biofilm. The purpose of this study was to identify the antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm-producing capacity of K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Klaten, Indonesia. Methods K. pneumoniae was isolated from inpatients in Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital Klaten from June 2017 to May 2018. Identification of K. pneumoniae isolate was done by analyzing colony morphology, microscopic examination, and by performing biochemical testing. Testing of antibiotics susceptibility and biofilm-producing capacity used the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and adherence quantitative assays, respectively. Results A total of 167 (17.36%) K. pneumoniae isolates were isolated from 962 total clinical bacterial isolates during the study. Most of them were collected from patients aged more than 60 years old and were mainly obtained from respiratory specimens (51.50%). Most of K. pneumoniae isolates were extensively resistant to antibiotics. A more favorable profile was found only towards meropenem, amikacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam, showing 1.20%; 4.79% and 10.53% of resistance, respectively. The overall proportion of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates was 54.49%. In addition, 148 (85.63%) isolates were biofilm producers, with 45 (26.95%) isolates as strong, 48 (28.74%) isolates as moderate, and 50 (29.94%) isolates as weak biofilm producers. Conclusion Most of the K. pneumoniae isolates demonstrated resistance to a wide range of antibiotics and are biofilm producers.

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