scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Memory-Enhancing Activity of Garuga pinnata Roxb. Bark and Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oken. Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ravin Bhandari ◽  
Sabina Gyawali ◽  
Nisha Aryal ◽  
Devika Gaire ◽  
Kalpana Paudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Power ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Antioxidant Potency ◽  
Memory Enhancing ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Garugapinnata Roxb. (Burseraceae) is a medium-sized tree widely available all over the tropical regions of Asia. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oken. (Crassulaceae) is an indigenous and exotic plant grown in tropical regions. Both plants have been used for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, wound healing, antidiabetic activities, etc. This investigation was designed to explore the result shown by methanolic extract of Garuga pinnata bark and Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves, on cognitive power and retention of the memory in experimental mice along with quantification of phenolic compounds and DPPH radicals neutralizing capacity. The memory-enhancing activity was determined by the elevated plus-maze method in Scopolamine-induced amnesic mice, using Piracetam as allopathic and Shankhpushpi as ayurvedic standard drugs. Two doses (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) of both extracts were administered to mice up to 8 consecutive days; transfer latency of individual group was recorded after 45 minutes and memory of the experienced things was examined after 1 day. DPPH assay method and the Folin–Ciocalteu method were employed to determine antioxidant potency and total phenol amount, respectively. 400 mg/kg of the methanolic B. pinnatum bark extract significantly improved memory and learning of mice with transfer latency (TL) of 32.75 s, which is comparable to that of standard Piracetam (21.78 s) and Shankhpushpi (27.83 s). Greater phenolic content was quantified in B. pinnatum bark extract (156.80 ± 0.33 µg GAE/mg dry extract) as well as the antioxidant potency (69.77% of free radical inhibition at the 100 µg/mL concentration). Our study proclaimed the scientific evidence for the memory-boosting effect of both plants.

In vitro antioxidant and anti-arthritic effect of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf and root bark extract of Alafia barteri

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ikeoluwapo Olanike Kolawole ◽  
◽  
Osareti Albert Taiwo Ebuehi ◽  
Esther Ayomide Awoyera ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Alafia barteri (Apocynaceae) is a climbing shrub having white or pink flowers. Traditionally, it has been used to treat diseases like malaria, sickle cell anemia, and eye infections. This research is focused on investigating the antioxidant and anti-arthritic activities of the aqueous and ethanol leaf and root extract of Alafia barteri plant in vitro. In-vitro antioxidant methods used were 2, 2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, reducing power activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay while the anti-arthritic activity was studied using the assay method of protein denaturation. Results revealed that aqueous and ethanol root extracts scavenge free radicals, thus inhibiting damage caused by oxidative stress in arthritis while the ethanol extracts of both the leaf and roots had good anti-arthritic activities as seen in its ability to decrease protein denaturation.

scholarly journals Rose Mentioned in the Works of Scientists of the Medieval East and Implications in Modern Science

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
K. Hüsnü Can Başer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cognitive Power ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ancient Texts

Fragrant roses (e.g., Rosa damascena, R.gallica, R. centifolia) have been mentioned in ancient texts written by scientists of the Medieval East such as Al-Kindi (9th CE), Al-Dinawari (9th CE), Rhazes (9th CE), Az-Zahrawi (10th CE), Ibn Sina (11th CE), Al-Mizza (14th CE), and Ad-Dimasqi (14th CE). The great physician Ibn Sina emphasized the beneficial effects of rose fragrance on the heart and the brain. He praised rose water's effects on mind and spirit, and its beneficial effects on brain function and cognitive power. Modern studies have provided scientific evidence for this information.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF KNEMA ATTENUATA (HOOK. F. AND THOMSON) WARB ETHANOLIC STEM BARK EXTRACT IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA RAJA H
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Knema attenuata (Myristicaceae), popularly known as “wild nutmeg,” is an endemic tree species from Western Ghats, which has been used in folk medicine. Conventionally, the stem bark of K. attenuata is used for treating inflammatory conditions without any scientific information available for the same. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic stem bark extract (ESBE) of K. attenuata using in vivo and in vitro screening models. Methods: The ethanolic extract of stem bark was prepared by soxhlation, and its cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cell line was assessed using MTT assay method. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of extract was estimated in rats using carrageenan-induced paw edema model and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition assay, estimation of myeloperoxidase activity, and determination of cellular nitrite levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Results: Toxic symptoms were not observed for the ESBE. The extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo and in vitro models. The anti-inflammatory action exhibited by the extract was a result of the inhibition of leukocyte migration and nitric oxide pathway and partially by inhibition of mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Conclusion: Findings from the study provide the evidence for the popular use of stem bark extract of K. attenuata as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

scholarly journals Nepeta menthoides Boiss. & Buhse, an endemic species in Iran: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Zahra Memariani ◽  
Atena Rahimi ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Farzaei ◽  
Niloofar Zakaria Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Nepeta menthoides Boiss & Buhse is one of the endemic species in Iran. Named Ostokhodus, it is almost used as substitute of the Lavandula stoechas –the original Ostokhodus- in traditional Persian medicine (TPM) over the time and widely used for the management of some ailments such as anxiety, depression, dementia and chronic pain. The aim of this study is to review the pharmacological and phytochemical evidence on Nepeta menthoides for the assessment of the recommended traditional indications of this herb. In this review, all the relevant articles that met our inclusion criteria [English or Persian articles, having full text, evaluating therapeutic effects of N. menthoides and dated mainly from the year 1980 to 2018] were included by searching studies in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and SID. The search terms were "Nepeta menthoides, "Ostokhodus". Triterpenes and monoterpenes were the most chemicals reported from essential oil of N. menthoides. Several pharmacological properties via in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have been reported including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, antidepressant and anxiolytic, anticholinesterase, neuroprotective, memory enhancing, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anticancer and effect on opioid dependence. Some proposed traditional indications of this herb in TPM books are in accordance with pharmacological evidence like anti-nociceptive, anti-seizure, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, memory enhancing, neuroprotective, antidepressant, anxiolytic activity and anti-infective properties. Although some properties in TPM, such as anti-tussive and gastrotonic effects are not supported by scientific evidence, they need more investigations.

scholarly journals Mangifera foetida L. (Macang) Source of Potent Antiviral Activity of Against Dengue Virus Serotype 2 (Anti DENV2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2049 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
Fitmawati ◽  
Maya Safitri ◽  
S.N. Kholifah ◽  
Emrizal ◽  
Rodesia Mustika Roza
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Abstract The new discovery about the potential of Mangifera foetida L. as an antiviral will help conservation efforts in nature while maintaining and increasing its biodiversity value. This study aims to characterize the in vitro potential of three varieties of M. foetida L. against the dengue virus. Dengue virus is infected in Vero cells, viral replication was measured using the Viral ToxGlo Assay method. The selectivity ability of Mangifera foetida L. stem bark extract to inhibit the dengue virus was seen from the Selectivity Index (SI) value. The standard curve between the concentration of the compound (μg/mL) and % cell viability was analyzed by linear regression using Microsoft Excel 2010 software. The results showed that the selectivity index (SI) value of M. foetida L stem bark extract of Limus, Manis and Batu varieties were 7.58, 6.82 and 16.43, respectively. It was concluded that the extract of Macang stem bark of the Limus, Manis and Batu varieties had the potential to be used as an antiviral for dengue.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Effect of Croton macrostachyus Stem Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken Altaye Ayza ◽  
Rajkapoor Balasubramanian ◽  
Abera Hadgu Berhe
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Context. Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile (Euphorbiaceae) has been used in traditional medicine to manage heart failure and other heart diseases in Ethiopia. Objective. To evaluate the antioxidant and cardioprotective activities of stem bark extract and solvent fractions of Croton macrostachyus on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. DPPH free radical scavenging assay method was used to determine antioxidant activity whereas Sprague-Dawley rats were used to evaluate the cardioprotective activity. Except for the normal control, all groups were subjected to cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p.) toxicity on the first day. Enalapril at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference. The hydromethanolic crude extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions (100 and 200 mg/kg, each) were administered for 10 days. The cardioprotective activities were evaluated using cardiac biomarkers such as Troponin I, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and histopathological studies of heart tissue. Results. Crude extract and ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions exhibited free radical scavenging activities at IC50 of 594 μg/mL, 419 μg/mL, and 716 μg/mL, respectively. Crude extract at 400 mg/kg decreased the levels of troponin, AST, ALT, and ALP to 0.29 ± 0.06 ng/mL, 103.00 ± 7.63 U/L, 99.80 ± 6.18 U/L, and 108.80 ± 8.81 U/L, respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction at 200 mg/kg decreased the levels of troponin, AST, ALT, and ALP to 0.22 ± 0.02 ng/mL, 137.00 ± 14.30 U/L, 90.33 ± 6.13 U/L, and 166.67 ± 13.50 U/L, respectively, compared with the cyclophosphamide control group. Conclusions. Croton macrostachyus possesses cardioprotective activities and it could be a possible source of treatment for cardiotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide.

scholarly journals Modulatory effect of Mangifera indica against carbon tetrachloride induced kidney damage in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunsho Awodele ◽  
Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye ◽  
Sheriff Aboyade Aiyeola ◽  
Adokiye Senibo Benebo
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Local Use

Abstract There is little scientific evidence on the local use of Mangifera indica in kidney diseases. This study investigated the reno-modulatory roles of the aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica (MIASE) against CCl4-induced renal damage. Rats were treated intragastrically with 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day MIASE for 7 days before and after the administration of CCl4 (3 ml/kg of 30% CCl4, i.p.). Serum levels of electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl−, HCO3−), urea and creatinine were determined. Renal tissue reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide (SOD) activities were also assessed. The histopathological changes in kidneys were determined using standard methods. In CCl4 treated rats the results showed significant (p<0.05) increases in serum Na+, K+, Cl−, urea and creatinine. CCl4 also caused significant (p<0.05) decreases in renal tissue SOD, CAT and GSH and significant (p<0.05) increases in MDA. The oral MIASE treatment (125–500 mg/kg) was found to significantly (p<0.05) attenuate the increase in serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Similarly, MIASE significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the decrease in SOD, CAT and GSH levels and correspondingly attenuated increases in MAD. Mangifera indica may present a great prospect for drug development in the management of kidney disease with lipid peroxidation as its etiology.

scholarly journals Coffee, Farmers, and Trees—Shifting Rights Accelerates Changing Landscapes

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude A. Garcia ◽  
Jérémy Vendé ◽  
Nanaya Konerira ◽  
Jenu Kalla ◽  
Michelle Nay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Coffee Agroforestry

Deforestation and biodiversity loss in agroecosystems are generally the result of rational choices, not of a lack of awareness or knowledge. Despite both scientific evidence and traditional knowledge that supports the value of diverse production systems for ecosystem services and resilience, a trend of agroecosystem intensification is apparent across tropical regions. These transitions happen in spite of policies that prohibit such transformations. We present a participatory modelling study run to (1) understand the drivers of landscape transition and (2) explore the livelihood and environmental impacts of tenure changes in the coffee agroforestry systems of Kodagu (India). The components of the system, key actors and resources, and their interactions were defined with stakeholders, following the companion modelling (ComMod) approach. The underlying ecological processes driving the system were validated through expert knowledge and scientific literature. The conceptual model was transformed into a role-playing game and validated by eight workshops with a total of 57 participants. Two scenarios were explored, a No Policy Change as baseline, and a Restitution of Rights where rights to cut the native trees are handed over to farmers. Our results suggest that the landscape transition is likely to continue unabated unless there is a change to the current policy framework. However, the Restitution of Rights risks speeding up the process rather than reversing it, as inter alia, the differential growth rate between exotic and native tree species, kick in.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Evaluation and Comparative Antibiocide Efficacy of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Equal Mixture of Aqueous and Ethanolic (1:1) Bark Extract of Lannea coromandelica L. Procured from Eastern Region of India

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Kuntal Das
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Lannea Coromandelica ◽  
Diffusion Technique

The present investigation was evaluating the potential antibacterial activity of three different extracts of the bark of Lannea coromandelica Linn. (LC) tree procured from Eastern India. Extraction of bark separation was carried out using aqueous, ethanol and a mixture of aqueous and ethanol. Microbiocides of all the extracts were separately evaluated against several microorganisms viz. Bacillus substilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonus aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens by agar diffusion technique. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of all the extracts was carried out by the serial dilution method. The results of MIC ranged from 12.5 to 150 mg/ml (all the three extracts). The concentration dependent (**P < 0.01) potential antimicrobial activity was resulted and at the dose of 200 mg/ml, combined aqueous and ethanol extract of LC (LCAE + LCEE) gave significant results against gram positive bacteria where the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded against Streptococcus pyogenes (17.0± 0.05**) followed by Straphyloccus aureus (13.6 ±0.05**). Further, the same extract showed the maximum relative percentage inhibition against Straphyloccus aureus (178.64%) followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (143.42%). Such variation may be due to the effects of choice of solvent and the quantity of the extracted amount and also the geographical source of the plant part. These results represent scientific evidence to support the traditional medicinal uses of LC bark extracts and indicate a promising potential used against the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and also provide scientific evidence for their efficacy to prepare the alternate newer medicine for antibiotics.

scholarly journals Methanolic Bark Extract of Abroma augusta (L.) Induces Apoptosis in EAC Cells through Altered Expression of Apoptosis Regulatory Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Masum Miah ◽  
Ajmeri Sultana Shimu ◽  
Shafi Mahmud ◽  
Farjana-Binta Omar ◽  
Ratna Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Docking Simulation ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Eac Cells

Abroma augusta (L.), one of the herbal medicinal plants, is widely used for treatment of various maladies. The present study was initiated to determine the antioxidant, hemolytic, cytotoxicity, and anticancer activities of methanolic extract from the bark of the plant. The phytochemical screening was done by analyzing different phytochemicals present in the extract. We observed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, reducing sugars, and glycosides in the bark extract which showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract was evaluated in vitro by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay method. This extract showed prominent scavenging activity with IC50 value of 38.65 μg/ml. The hemolytic activity of the extract was evaluated at concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 μg/ml. It was observed that the extract induced hemolysis percentage of 9.41% to 4.1%, which implies that the extract has no potent hemolytic activity. Cytotoxicity and anticancer activities were observed on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. In addition, the bark showed promising cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 329.41 μg/ml, and the study indicated that the extract was capable of inhibiting EAC cell growth by 75.5% when administered at 100 mg/kg/day body weight intraperitoneally for five consecutive days to Swiss albino mice. Morphological change of apoptotic cell was determined by fluorescence and optical microscopy. DNA fragmentation is another marker for apoptosis, and the bark extract-treated EAC cells showed smeared and fragmented DNA bands. Apoptosis correlated well with the upregulation of p53 and Bax and also with the downregulation of NF-κB and Bcl-2. Furthermore, activity and interaction of two A. augusta compounds were tested through molecular docking simulation study. In conclusion, our results suggest that A. augusta bark has the potential to be considered as an anticancer agent.

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