scholarly journals The Content Analysis of Amino Acids in Auricularia auricula from Heilongjiang and Jilin

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lili Cui ◽  
Guoquan Feng ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Changqin Li
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Online Analysis ◽  
Auricularia Auricula ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Total Amino Acids

The content of amino acids in Auricularia auricula was analyzed by the method of acid hydrolysis and automatic online analysis. The content of total amino acids in A. auricula produced in Heilongjiang was between 68.287 and 110.949 mg/g, and the average was 90.848 mg/g. The content of essential amino acids in A. auricula from Heilongjiang was between 28.847 and 45.757 mg/g, and the average was 37.987 mg/g. The proportion of essential amino acids (EAA) to total amino acids (TAA) in A. auricula from Heilongjiang was between 41.24% and 42.26%. However, the content of total amino acids in A. auricula from Jilin was between 71.716 and 124.143 mg/g, and the average was 94.318 mg/g. The content of essential amino acids in A. auricula from Jilin was between 29.775 and 52.063 mg/g, and the average was 38.498 mg/g. The ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to total amino acids (TAA) in A. auricula from Jilin was between 39.75% and 41.94%. The content of total amino acids and essential amino acids in A. auricula from Jilin was higher than that from Heilongjiang. However, EAA/TAA in A. auricula from Heilongjiang was higher than that of Jilin. The content of total amino acids in different batches of A. auricula in the same production area was quite different, but the ratio of essential amino acids content to total amino acids content was basically the same.

Research Regarding Content in Amino-acids and Biological Value of Proteins from Polyodon spathula Sturgeon Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069
Author(s):  
Cristina Simeanu ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Anca Popa ◽  
Alexandru Usturoi ◽  
Dan Bodescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Polyodon Spathula ◽  
The One ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Polyodon spathula sturgeon breed is successfully reared in Romania in many fishery farms for meat production and it is capitalized on domestic market as consumption fish. In the current paper were studied a number of 1400 sturgeons from Polyodon spathula breed (1200 individuals of one summer - P.s.0+ and 200 individuals of fourth summers - P.s.3+). From this flock were weighted around 10%, for each age group, and for laboratory determinations were chosen 10 fishes for each age with the corporal mass close to the group mean. After analysing the fillets gathered from the studied fishes for establishing the chemical characteristics, nutritive and biological values of proteins were drawn some interesting conclusions. So, regarding chemical composition we notice that in the meat of analysed fishes water is in a rate of 75.41% at P.s.3+ and 78.37% for P.s.0+; proteins - between 18.08% for P.s.0+ and 19.89% for P.s.3+, values which place those fishes in the group of protein fishes; lipids - between 2.45% and 3.45%, values which situated those sturgeons in category of fishes with a low content in lipids; collagen � 3.83% at P.s.0+ and 4.14% at P.s.3+ which indicate low values for proteins of weak quality in the meat of those sturgeons. Study of nutritive value for the analysed fishes indicate the fact that fishes P.s.0+ have a mediocre nutritive value, having the ratio w/p of 4.33 while sturgeons P.s.3+ were placed in the 2nd category � fishes with a good nutritive value (rate w/p = 3.79). Energetic value of the studied fillets was 97.39 kcal/100 g for P.s.0+ and 114.31 kcal/100 g for P.s.3+, which enlightened an increase of nutritive value with aging, fact especially due to accumulation of adipose tissue. Study of proteins quality, through the presence of those 8 essential amino-acids in the meat of analysed fishes, show the fact that at sturgeons P.s.0+ proportion of essential amino-acids was 20.88% from total amino-acids, while at sturgeons P.s.3+ was 26.23%, fact which enlightened an increasing of proteins� biological value with fish aging. This fact was also shown by calculation of proteins� biological value through chemical methods (EAA index); calculated value for sturgeons P.s.0+ was a little bit lower (118.73) than the one calculated for sturgeons P.s.3+ (118.79).

scholarly journals Impact of Huanglongbing Pathogen Infection on the Amino Acid Composition in Both Citrus Plants and the Asian Citrus Psyllid

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-He Zhang ◽  
Su-Li Ren ◽  
Zheng-Qin Su ◽  
Pei-Ping Xu ◽  
Da Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Citrus Huanglongbing ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Total Amino Acids

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri is the main vector of the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which is the causal agent of citrus Huanglongbing disease. Feeding by both ACP nymphs and adults on host plants allows them to obtain nutrition. Therefore, the nutritional content within the plant phloem is of much importance for the development and reproduction of ACP. The infection by pathogenic microbiomes may affect the amino acid contents of their host plants and then indirectly affect the biology of sap-feeding insects. In this study, we investigated the amino acid contents and their proportions in both CLas-infected and CLas-free citrus plants, ACP adults, and also in honeydew produced by ACP nymphs. Results showed that infection by CLas had a large impact on the amino acid species and proportion in all the tested target plants, ACP adults, and in the honeydew of ACP nymphs. The content of total amino acids in CLas-infected citrus was much higher than that of CLas-free citrus. However, CLas infection significantly reduced the proportion of essential amino acids (EAAs) in these plants. When feeding on CLas-infected citrus plants, ACP adults absorbed less total amino acids than those adults feeding on healthy plants, but the proportion of EAAs was significantly higher when they fed on CLas-infected citrus plants. The proportion of EAAs also significantly increased in the honeydew secreted by ACP nymphs that fed on CLas-infected citrus plants. However, EAA detection in the honeydew of ACP nymphs indicated that the utilization rate of EAAs by CLas positive ACP nymphs was reduced. Our study has revealed that CLas infection significantly affects the contents, proportion, and utilization efficiency of different amino acids in citrus plants, ACP adults, and nymphs, leading to a developmental pattern of ACP that is more conducive to CLas transmission.

scholarly journals Response of total phenols, flavonoids, minerals, and amino acids of four edible fern species to four shading treatments

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlin Wang ◽  
Shanshan Gao ◽  
Xingyuan He ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Total phenols, flavonoids, minerals and amino acids content were investigated in leaves of four fern species grown under four shading treatments with different sunlight transmittance in 35% full sunlight (FS), 13% FS, 8% FS and 4% FS. The leaves of four fern species contain high levels of total phenols and flavonoids, abundant minerals and amino acids, and these all were strongly affected by transmittance. Total phenols and flavonoids content were significantly positively correlated with transmittance, while minerals and total amino acids content were significantly negatively correlated with transmittance, a finding that supports research into how higher light intensity can stimulate the synthesis of phenols and flavonoids, and proper shading can stimulate the accumulation of minerals and amino acids. Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro (MS) had the highest total phenols content, Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching (AM) showed the highest total amino acids, total essential amino acids content, Osmunda cinnamomea (L) var. asiatica Fernald (OCA) exhibited the highest total non-essential amino acids and flavonoids content. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum (Desy.) Underw. ex Heller (PAL) exhibited the highest minerals content. This research can provide a scientific basis for the cultivation and management of those four fern species.

Sites of digestion in the calf. I. The digestion of diets containing barley and wheat chaff supplemented with soya bean meal or urea

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Wheat Chaff ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Four Friesian bull calves were fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulae within 1 week of birth. From 13 weeks of age the calves were fed on one of three diets all containing 17% crude protein. Diet A contained barley, 15% wheat chaff and soya bean meal, diet B barley, 15% wheat chaff and urea, and diet C barley, 45% wheat chaff and soya bean meal. The diets were given for 2 weeks, and on the last day of each feeding period total collections were made of the digesta leaving the abomasum over a 12 hr period. The diets were then changed so that each calf was offered each diet twice. The total apparent digestion of the organic matter in the diet containing 45% wheat straw was less than that of those containing 15% wheat straw. This was due to less digestion in both the stomach and hindgut. The flow of nitrogen from the abomasum, expressed as a percentage of the nitrogen intake, was less when the calves were fed on the diet containing urea (B) than when they were fed on those containing soya bean meal (A and C). Also, a larger proportion of the nitrogen was of microbial origin when they were on diet B. The proportion of essential amino acids in the total amino acids flowing from the abomasum was greater than that in the total amino acids present in all diets. Also, the apparent digestion of essential amino acids in the hindgut was greater than that of non-essential amino acids. It is calculated that methionine and threonine may be limiting for the growth of calves given diets A and B, while dietary metabolizable energy intake was probably the first factor limiting the growth of calves on diet C.

scholarly journals Turkey-Hen Amino Acid Composition of Brain and Eyes

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ilesanmi Adeyeye
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Total Amino Acids

The amino acids composition of the brain and eyes of the mature Turkey-hen (Meleagris gallopavo L.),  were determined on dry weight basis. Total essential amino acids ranged from 35.1-36.0 g/100 g as 49.5-49.8% of the total amino acids. The amino acid score showed that lysine ranged from 0.76-0.91 (on whole hen’s egg comparison), 0.85-1.03 (on provisional essential amino acid scoring pattern), and 0.81-0.98 (on suggested requirement of the essential amino acid of a preschool child). The predicted protein efficiency ratio was 1.94-2.41, whilst essential amino acid index range was 1.06-1.08 and the calculated isoelectric point range was 3.97-4.18. The correlation coefficient (rxy) was positively high and significant at r = 0.01 for the total amino acids, amino acid scores (on the whole hen’s egg comparisons made) and the isoelectric point. On the whole, the eyes were better in 12/18 or 66.7% parameters of the amino acids than the brain of Turkey-Hen.

scholarly journals Response of total phenols, flavonoids, minerals, and amino acids of four edible fern species to four shading treatments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlin Wang ◽  
Shanshan Gao ◽  
Xingyuan He ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Total phenols, flavonoids, minerals content and amino acids content were investigated in four fern species grown under four shading treatments with different transmittance of 35% full sunlight (FS), 13% FS, 8% FS and 4% FS. The four fern species contain high levels of total phenols and flavonoids, as well as abundant mineral elements and amino acids. The total phenols, flavonoids, minerals and amino acids content were strongly affected by transmittance, the total phenols and flavonoids content were significantly positively correlated with transmittance, and minerals and total amino acids content were significantly negatively correlated with transmittance. Higher light intensity can effectively stimulate the synthesis of phenols and flavonoid, and proper shading can stimulate the accumulation of amino acids. In addition, Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro (MS) had the highest total phenols content, Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching (AM) showed the highest total amino acids, total essential amino acids content, Osmunda cinnamomea (L) var. asiatica Fernald (OCA) exhibited the highest total non-essential amino acids content and flavonoids content, and Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn var latiusculum (Desy.) Underw. ex Heller (PAL) exhibited the highest minerals content. This will provide a scientific basis for the cultivation and management of four fern species.

Comparative Amino Acid Compositions of Curculigo pilosa Root and Citrullus colocynthis Fruit Bark

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
P. M. Aja ◽  
D. C. Obasi ◽  
N. A. Obasi ◽  
E. U. Ekpono ◽  
J. N. Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
Total Amino Acids

The study evaluated comparative amino acids compositions of Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruit bark. The amino acids compositions were determined using amino acid analyzer. The results of amino acid compositions showed that eighteen amino acids were detected in both samples. Ten of the detected amino acids were essential amino acids and eight were non-essential. Glumatic acid had the highest concentration of 11.20 and 11.98 g/100g protein in Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits respectively. Leucine was the second highest concentrated amino acid in Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits with the values of 8.17 and 7.24 g/100g protein respectively. Histidine was the third highest amino acid in Curculigo pilosa roots while Citrullus colocynthis fruits had very low histidine level. The fourth highest amino was arginine in both samples. The percentage coefficient of variance (CV %) of the amino acid values were generally low with the exception of histidine with CV % value of 88.98 while rest of CV % values ranged from 0-26.92 showing the closeness of the amino acid values in the two samples to each other. Total amino acids (TAA) for Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits were 78.92 and 72.47 g/100g protein while the total essential amino acids (TEAAs) of Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits are 41.21 and 34.04 g/100g protein respectively. Percentage cysteine in (total sulphur amino acids) TSAA were 22.52 and 30.32 g/100g protein for Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits respectively. The results of this study indicate that Curculigo pilosa roots and Citrullus colocynthis fruits are rich in essential amino acid while their % Cysteine/TSAA values were relatively low.

scholarly journals Effect of underfeeding on metabolism of portal-drained viscera in ewes

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Nozière ◽  
Didier Rémond ◽  
Laurence Bernard ◽  
Michel Doreau
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Net Release ◽  
Total Amino Acids

We investigated whether short-term underfeeding could induce adaptative mechanisms in portal-drained viscera (PDV) that would allow nutrients to be spared for vital functions in adult ewes. Six ewes (three of them fitted with catheters in the mesenteric artery and portal and mesenteric veins) were fed, in a double 3×3 Latin square design (2 weeks per experimental period), a regrowth of natural grassland hay at 143 (high; H), 88 (medium; M) and 51 (low; L) % of their energy maintenance requirements. The digestibility of the diet was measured in all six ewes and the net portal fluxes of nutrients in the three catheterized ewes. The organic matter content and N digestibility of the diet were not affected by underfeeding. Urinary and faecal N losses and N balance were linearly related to feed intake. Arterial concentration of acetate was linearly related to feed intake. Arterial concentrations of the other volatile fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, glucose, NH3, urea and total amino acids were not affected by underfeeding. Arterial concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased with underfeeding. The portal net release of all volatile fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate and NH3were linearly related to intake. The portal net flux of both essential and non-essential amino acids, and thus total amino acids, remained unchanged between levels H and M, and decreased between levels M and L. A significant net uptake for glycine and total non-essential amino acids occurred at level L. The portal net uptake of glucose, urea, glutamate and glutamine, and the portal net release of lactate and NEFA were not affected by underfeeding. Summation of portal energy fluxes indicated that 51 % of the metabolizable energy intake was recovered in the portal blood with the three levels of intake. In conclusion, no quantitative adaptation to spare energy, in terms of percentage of intake, occurred in PDV of short-term underfed ruminants, but the pattern of absorption of energetic nutrients was modified.

scholarly journals The Growth and Plankton Changes of Intensive Ecological Aquaculture Model of Pseudosciaena crocea

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Ruan Chengxu ◽  
Yuan Chonggui
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Pseudosciaena Crocea ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Plankton Biomass ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Aquaculture Water ◽  
Total Amino Acids

The growth of Pseudosciaena crocea and changes of plankton were studied under intensive ecological aquaculture model that does not involve any change in water. The results indicated that: the growth rate of Pseudosciaena crocea was significantly higher than that in cage culture (p<0.05), the essential amino acids, flavor amino acids and total amino acids of Pseudosciaena crocea were significantly higher than that in cage culture(p<0.05), the PUFA and DHA、EPA of Pseudosciaena crocea were also significantly higher than that in cage culture(p<0.05). Plankton biomass of aquaculture water increased with the cultivation time. The diversity of phytoplankton was better in the early stage, the diversity index and evenness index decreased in the later stage, and the diversity of phytoplankton was poor at the end of the experiment. The diversity of zooplankton was better along with a slightchange in its diversity index and evenness index with the zooplankton being in an equilibrium state.

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