scholarly journals The Effect of Light Spectrum on the Morphology and Cannabinoid Content of Cannabis sativa L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmaria Magagnini ◽  
Gianpaolo Grassi ◽  
Stiina Kotiranta
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Generative Phase

Cannabis sativa L. flowers are the main source of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) used in medicine. One of the most important growth factors in cannabis cultivation is light; light quality, light intensity, and photoperiod play a big role in a successful growth protocol. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 3 different light sources on morphology and cannabinoid production. Cannabis clones were grown under 3 different light spectra, namely high-pressure sodium (HPS), AP673L (LED), and NS1 (LED). Light intensity was set to ∼450 µmol/m2/s measured from the canopy top. The photoperiod was 18L: 6D/21 days during the vegetative phase and 12L: 12D/46 days during the generative phase, respectively. At the end of the experiment, plant dry weight partition, plant height, and cannabinoid content (THC, cannabidiol [CBD], tetrahydrocannabivarin [THCV], cannabigerol [CBG]) were measured under different light treatments. The experiment was repeated twice. The 3 light treatments (HPS, NS1, AP673L) resulted in differences in cannabis plant morphology and in cannabinoid content, but not in total yield of cannabinoids. Plants under HPS treatment were taller and had more flower dry weight than those under treatments AP673L and NS1. Treatment NS1 had the highest CBG content. Treatments NS1 and AP673L had higher CBD and THC concentrations than the HPS treatment. Results were similar between experiments 1 and 2. Our results show that the plant morphology can be manipulated with the light spectrum. Furthermore, it is possible to affect the accumulation of different cannabinoids to increase the potential of medicinal grade cannabis. In conclusion, an optimized light spectrum improves the value and quality of cannabis. Current LED technology showed significant differences in growth habit and cannabinoid profile compared to the traditional HPS light source. Finally, no difference of flowering time was observed under different R:FR (i.e., the ratio between red and far-red light).

scholarly journals Cannabinoids and Terpenes: How Production of Photo-Protectants Can Be Manipulated to Enhance Cannabis sativa L. Phytochemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Desaulniers Brousseau ◽  
Bo-Sen Wu ◽  
Sarah MacPherson ◽  
Victorio Morello ◽  
Mark Lefsrud
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Spectra

Cannabis sativa L. is cultivated for its secondary metabolites, of which the cannabinoids have documented health benefits and growing pharmaceutical potential. Recent legal cannabis production in North America and Europe has been accompanied by an increase in reported findings for optimization of naturally occurring and synthetic cannabinoid production. Of the many environmental cues that can be manipulated during plant growth in controlled environments, cannabis cultivation with different lighting spectra indicates differential production and accumulation of medically important cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabigerol (CBG), as well as terpenes and flavonoids. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation shows potential in stimulating cannabinoid biosynthesis in cannabis trichomes and pre-harvest or post-harvest UV treatment merits further exploration to determine if plant secondary metabolite accumulation could be enhanced in this manner. Visible LED light can augment THC and terpene accumulation, but not CBD. Well-designed experiments with light wavelengths other than blue and red light will provide more insight into light-dependent regulatory and molecular pathways in cannabis. Lighting strategies such as subcanopy lighting and varied light spectra at different developmental stages can lower energy consumption and optimize cannabis PSM production. Although evidence demonstrates that secondary metabolites in cannabis may be modulated by the light spectrum like other plant species, several questions remain for cannabinoid production pathways in this fast-paced and growing industry. In summarizing recent research progress on light spectra and secondary metabolites in cannabis, along with pertinent light responses in model plant species, future research directions are presented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different soilless media on growth, quality, and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under greenhouse conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1388-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Al Far ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Ibrahim M. Makhadmeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Soilless Media ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Growth Quality

This experiment was conducted during spring growing season of 2018 at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) campus in northern Jordan 32.4950° N, 35.9912° E. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different soilless media such as T: Tuff 100%; TP: Tuff + Perlite 50% each; TPS: Tuff + Perlite + Sawdust 33% each; and TS: Tuff + Sawdust 50% each on some of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics related to the quality and quantity of seedless and baby cucumber cultivars. The experimental design was split plot with factorial arrangements and four replications. The measurements related to plant morphology: height, shoot and root length, shoot root fresh and dry weight, number of leaves and flowers, fruit quality: total yield, weight, diameter, hardness, length and numbers per plant. Fruit total soluble solids, the potential of hydrogen pH and electrical conductivity EC of fruit juice, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content and fruit water content, fruit and shoot biochemical content minerals, organic matters, fats, fibers, and proteins were also measured. The results indicated significant differences in both cucumber cultivars with respect to all parameters studied. Finally, this study concluded that using TS media for seedless cultivar is the best successful growing soilless media as well as the cheapest compared to other solid media used. On the other hand, using TP media for baby cultivar was the superior growing soilless media that was not expensive compared to other universal media. In addition, the TPS media showed minimum growth and low yield in both cucumber cultivars.

scholarly journals Optimization of Multiband White-Light Illuminants for Specified Color Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snjezana Soltic ◽  
Andrew Neil Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
White Light ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Color Rendering

This paper describes an effective approach for the optimization of multiband spectra to produce prospective white-light spectra having specific color temperatures. The optimization process employs a genetic algorithm known as differential evolution, which aims to minimize the color rendering differences between a prospective white-light spectrum and its corresponding reference illuminant. Color rendering is assessed by calculating the CIEDE2000 color difference (ΔE00) for 14 CIE test colors under the two sources. Optimized white-light spectra were matched to three CIE standard illuminants, that is, A (2856 K), D50 (5003 K), and D65 (6504 K). Optimal solutions for three- and four-band 25 and 50 nm Gaussian spectra are presented and analyzed, together with mixed 4-LED spectra that were optimized in the same way. In all cases, the simulated sources were shown to provide color rendering of such quality that ΔE00av ≤ 2.24 units. Such white-light sources would likely find wide acceptance in numerous lighting applications.

Effect of daylight LED on visual comfort, melatonin, mood, waking performance and sleep

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Cajochen ◽  
M Freyburger ◽  
T Basishvili ◽  
C Garbazza ◽  
F Rudzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Circadian Physiology

LED *Shared senior authors. light sources have a discontinuous light spectrum with a prominent ‘blue’ peak between 450 and 470 nm that influences non-image forming responses in humans. We tested an LED lighting solution mimicking a daylight spectrum on visual comfort, circadian physiology, daytime alertness, mood, cognitive performance and sleep. Fifteen young males twice spent 49 hours in the laboratory under a conventional-LED and under a daylight-LED condition in a balanced cross over design flanked by a baseline and a post-light exposure night. Despite different light spectra, the photopic lux and the correlated colour temperature of the lighting were the same for both LEDs. The colour rendering index and the melanopic strength were 25.3% and 21%, respectively, higher for the daylight LED than the conventional LED. The volunteers had better visual comfort, felt more alert and happier in the morning and evening under daylight LED than conventional LED, while the diurnal melatonin profile, psychomotor vigilance and working memory performance were not significantly different. Delta EEG activity (0.75–4.5 Hz) was significantly higher after daylight-LED than conventional-LED exposure during the post-light exposure night. We have evidence that a daylight-LED solution has beneficial effects on visual comfort, daytime alertness, mood and sleep intensity in healthy volunteers.

scholarly journals Manipulation of light spectrum can improve the performance of photosynthetic apparatus of strawberry plants growing under salt and alkalinity stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261585
Author(s):  
Majid Esmaeilizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Malekzadeh Shamsabad ◽  
Hamid Reza Roosta ◽  
Piotr Dąbrowski ◽  
Marcin Rapacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Strawberry is one of the plants sensitive to salt and alkalinity stress. Light quality affects plant growth and metabolic activities. However, there is no clear answer in the literature on how light can improve the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus of this species under salt and alkalinity stress. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of different spectra of supplemental light on strawberry (cv. Camarosa) under salt and alkalinity stress conditions. Light spectra of blue (with peak 460 nm), red (with peak 660 nm), blue/red (1:3), white/yellow (1:1) (400–700 nm) and ambient light were used as control. There were three stress treatments: control (no stress), alkalinity (40 mM NaHCO3), and salinity (80 mM NaCl). Under stress conditions, red and red/blue light had a positive effect on CO2 assimilation. In addition, blue/red light increased intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) under both stress conditions. Salinity and alkalinity stress decreased OJIP curves compared to the control treatment. Blue light caused an increase in its in plants under salinity stress, and red and blue/red light caused an increase in its in plants under alkalinity. Both salt and alkalinity stress caused a significant reduction in photosystem II (PSII) performance indices and quantum yield parameters. Adjustment of light spectra, especially red light, increased these parameters. It can be concluded that the adverse effects of salt and alkalinity stress on photosynthesis can be partially alleviated by changing the light spectra.

scholarly journals Impact of Three Different Light Spectra on the Yield, Morphology and Growth Trajectory of Three Different Cannabis sativa L. Strains

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1866
Author(s):  
Philipp Reichel ◽  
Sebastian Munz ◽  
Jens Hartung ◽  
Achim Präger ◽  
Stiina Kotiranta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
R:Fr Ratio ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Changing Light

Cannabis is one of the oldest cultivated plants, but plant breeding and cultivation are restricted by country specific regulations. Plant growth, morphology and metabolism can be manipulated by changing light quality and intensity. Three morphologically different strains were grown under three different light spectra with three real light repetitions. Light dispersion was included into the statistical evaluation. The light spectra considered had an influence on the morphology of the plant, especially the height. Here, the shade avoidance induced by the lower R:FR ratio under the ceramic metal halide lamp (CHD) was of particular interest. The sugar leaves seemed to be of elementary importance in the last growth phase for yield composition. Furthermore, the last four weeks of flowering were crucial to influence the yield composition of Cannabis sativa L. through light spectra. The dry flower yield was significantly higher under both LED treatments compared to the conventional CHD light source. Our results indicate that the plant morphology can be artificially manipulated by the choice of light treatment to create shorter plants with more lateral branches which seem to be beneficial for yield development. Furthermore, the choice of cultivar has to be taken into account when interpreting results of light studies, as Cannabis sativa L. subspecies and thus bred strains highly differ in their phenotypic characteristics.

THE EVALUATION METHOD FOR THE EFFICIENCY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS DEPENDING ON THE COMPOSITION AND INTENSITY OF LIGHT ON THE EXAMPLE OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
S. I. Supelnyak ◽  
V. G. Kosushkin
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Stage Of Development

The article calculates potentially effective for photobiological processes density light fluxes arc tube sodium lamps (HPS) and 250 watt Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps 46 watts. The concept of light utilization for photobiological reactions is proposed to evaluate the energy component of the light spectrum suitable for optimal activation of plant photoreceptor systems that control the shaping process by changing the orientation of the biological system in space at an early stage of development in order to achieve maximum photosynthetic response. The calculations used the experimentally obtained values of the absorption coefficients of the leaf ofCucumis sativus L. Based on the data on the linear dimensions of the leaf of the plant and the dependence of the absorption spectrum on the age of the plant, as well as the action spectra of photobiological reactions (photosynthesis, dissipation of excess energy as heat, phototropic reaction, chlorophyll, photomorphogenesis) and emission spectra of light sources, we have calculated the mass of accumulated carbohydrates at an early stage of developmentCucumis sativus L. In order to test the reliability methods of analytical evaluation, an experimental study of the effect of radiation data illuminators was carried out. For HPS 250, the weight of carbohydrates and the dry weight of the plant were0.24 g and0.20 g, respectively, for LED 46, the weight of carbohydrates and dry weight of the plant were0.05 g and0.05 g, respectively. The proposed system for assessing the efficiency of the spectrum and the intensity of radiation by the linear parameters of a plant is an intelligent basis for creating an energy-efficient system for automatically controlling LED lighting of a greenhouse with feedback on a measured parameter of a plant.

Competition, light quality and seedling growth of Russian wildrye grass (Psathyrostachys juncea)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jefferson ◽  
R. Muri
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Russian Wildrye

The low seedling vigour of Russian wildrye grass ( Psathyrostachys juncea ) (RWR) limits its use. Shading from durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum ) reduced RWR leaf number, tiller number, leaf area and seedling dry weight in a growth room experiment. Treatments with similar shading differed in tiller number and dry weight, which suggested that light quality may have also contributed to these responses. In a second growth room experiment, light intensity (PAR) and red:far-red light ratio (670:730 nm) were altered by coloured plastic filters suspended above seedlings of Russian wildrye, crested wheatgrass ( Agropyron desertorum ) (CWG) and Dahurian wildrye grass ( Elymus dahuricus ) (DWR). Leaf area, tiller number and dry weight of RWR seedlings were reduced by declining red:far-red light ratio while light intensity differences at similar red:far-red ratio did not affect these variables. CWG exhibited similar responses to declining red:far-red light ratio as RWR, except that it exhibited a seedling weight response to light intensity. DWR tiller number was not responsive to low red:far-red light ratio but rather to low light intensity. However, DWR seedling weight, tiller weight and leaf area were responsive to declining red:far-red light ratio. These results indicate that RWR seedlings are sensitive to light quality changes caused by neighbouring plants.

scholarly journals Kandungan Klorofil dan Fukosantin serta Pertumbuhan Skeletonema costatum pada Pemberian Spektrum Cahaya Yang Berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Rizqi Umi Arifah ◽  
Sri Sedjati ◽  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Ali Ridlo
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
X 24 ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Skeletonema costatum mengandung klorofil-a, klorofil-c, dan fukosantin yang menyebabkan selnya berwarna hijau kecoklatan. Klorofil dan fukosantin memiliki berbagai manfaat, salah satunya dalam bidang kesehatan sebagai anti-bakteri, anti-oksidan, anti-inflamasi, anti-obesitas, anti-diabetes. Cahaya merupakan faktor lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kandungan pigmen pada mikroalga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan spektrum cahaya yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan, kandungan klorofil dan fukosantin S. costatum. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2018 di Laboratorium Biologi, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro dan pengujian laboratoris di Laboratorium BPIK Srondol, Semarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental laboratoris. Diatom S. costatum dikultivasi dengan tiga spektrum cahaya yang berbeda yaitu putih, biru, dan merah. Pertumbuhan sel S. costatum diamati sampai 2 x 24 jam kemudian dipanen untuk perhitungan biomassanya. Biomassa kering hasil kultivasi diekstraksi menggunakan metanol. Kadar pigmen ekstrak metanol dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan identifikasi pigmen dengan uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan cahaya putih secara signifikan meningkatkan kandungan klorofi- a S. costatum dibandingkan spektrum cahaya merah, namun tidak berbeda nyata terhadap spektrum cahaya biru. Pertumbuhan, kandungan klorofil-c dan fukosantin S. costatum pada pemberian spektrum cahaya yang berbeda tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata. Skeletonema costatum contains chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-c, and fucoxanthin giving to its cells. Chlorophyll and fucoxanthin have various benefits, e.g. in the medicine field as anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetes. Light is one of the environmental factor that affects the growth and pigment content of microalgae. This study aims to determine the spectrum of light that influences growth, chlorophyll content and fucoxanthin of S. costatum. This research was conducted in January-March 2018 at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University and laboratory testing at the BPIK Srondol Laboratory, Semarang. The method used was a laboratory experimental method. Diatom S. costatum was cultivated with three different spectrums of light (white, blue, and red). Growth of S. costatum cells was observed up to 2x24 hours and then harvested for biomass calculations. Dry biomass was extracted using methanol. Pigment content of The S. costatum methanol extract was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and pigments identification using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the chlorophyll content of S. costatum under white light spectrum was significantly higher from the red light spectrum, but not significantly different from blue light spectrum. Growth, chlorophyll-c and fucoxanthin content of S. costatum didn’t show significant differences under different light spectra.

scholarly journals The Morphological Responses of Calendula officinalis L. “Radio” to the Foliar Application of Benzyladenine and Different Light Spectra

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Barbara Frąszczak ◽  
Beata Janowska ◽  
Dariusz Świerk
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Pot Marigold ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L ◽  
High Share

Pot marigold is a valuable medicinal plant with great decorative value. Three combinations of light (white (W)—170 μmol m−2 s−1, white + blue (W+B)—230 μmol m−2 s−1, white + red (W+R)—230 μmol m−2 s−1) were used to analyse the influence of a diversified light spectrum on the morphological traits and flowering of Calendula officinalis L. “Radio”. The effect of foliar treatment of the plants with 6-benzyladenine (BA) at concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg dm−3 at all the light spectrum combinations was analysed. BA had negative influence on the earliness of florescence and delayed it even by more than 10 days. W+B light intensified the delay, whereas red light partly reduced it. The BA treatment had the greatest influence on the biometric traits of the plants at the initial period of their development. W+B light significantly inhibited the growth of the plants. A high share of red light in the spectrum positively affected the Fv/Fm value, the relative chlorophyll content and the percentage of dry matter in the plants. When the amount of blue or red light in the spectrum increased, it was possible to obtain specific biometric traits of Calendula without the BA treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document