The Influence of Surface Electromyography Visual and Clinician Verbal Feedback on Swallow Effort Ratio at Different Bolus Volumes in a Healthy Population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kristine E. Galek ◽  
Ed M. Bice
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Verbal Feedback ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Effortful Swallow ◽  
Liquid Bolus ◽  
Neuroplastic Change ◽  
Positive Effect

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The effortful swallow is a common treatment intervention requiring increased intensity to facilitate adaptations and modify swallow kinematics. The type of feedback and bolus volume provided may influence the intensity of the effortful swallow. To determine the increased effortful swallow intensity, a clinician can collect the peak amplitude of an effortful swallow and a typical swallow and compute a “swallow effort ratio” (SER). Dividing the effortful swallow surface electromyography (sEMG) peak amplitude by the typical swallow sEMG peak amplitude derives the SER. A higher SER suggests increased intensity. An increase in the SER may have clinical relevance in swallowing therapy as a threshold of intensity is required to elicit neuroplastic change. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether sEMG visual and clinician verbal feedback increases the SER. Additionally, the investigation examined whether the SER is influenced by different liquid bolus volumes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eighty-two nondysphagic, healthy adults were assigned at random to 2 groups. One group received no feedback, and the other received verbal and visual feedback while performing typical and effortful swallows at 3 liquid volumes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> An analysis of covariance compared the typical and effortful peak swallow amplitudes among 3 volumes in the 2 feedback groups. There was a significant effect on the peak amplitude values by feedback group <i>F</i>(2, 79) = 22.82, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001. There were no differences in peak amplitude by volume regardless of feedback <i>F</i>(2, 78) = 0.413, <i>p</i> = 0.663. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> It appears that sEMG visual and clinician verbal feedback increases the SER, which may be a surrogate for intensity. An increased SER may have a positive effect on swallow intervention as intensity is known to influence outcomes of exercise and elicit neuroplastic change.

scholarly journals The Effect of Bolus Volume on Hyoid Kinematics in Healthy Swallowing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Nagy ◽  
Sonja M. Molfenter ◽  
Melanie Péladeau-Pigeon ◽  
Shauna Stokely ◽  
Catriona M. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Bolus Volume ◽  
Velocity Increase ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Hyoid Movement ◽  
Laryngeal Vestibule ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Liquid Bolus

Hyoid movement in swallowing is biomechanically linked to closure of the laryngeal vestibule for airway protection and to opening of the upper esophageal sphincter. Studies suggest that the range of hyoid movement is highly variable in the healthy population. However, other aspects of hyoid movement such as velocity remain relatively unexplored. In this study, we analyze data from a sample of 20 healthy young participants (10 male) to determine whether hyoid movement distance, duration, velocity, and peak velocity vary systematically with increases in thin liquid bolus volume from 5 to 20 mL. The temporal correspondence between peak hyoid velocity and laryngeal vestibule closure was also examined. The results show that maximum hyoid position and peak velocity increase significantly for 20 mL bolus volumes compared to smaller volumes, and that the timing of peak velocity is closely linked to achieving laryngeal vestibule closure. This suggests that generating hyoid movements with increased power is a strategy for handling larger volumes.

Haptic input and balance control: An exploratory study examining normative messaging

2019 ◽  
pp. 135910531987744
Author(s):  
Kevin S Spink ◽  
Colin W Federow ◽  
Joel L Lanovaz ◽  
Alison R Oates
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Descriptive Norm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Haptic Input

This study examined the effect of descriptive norm messaging information on the relationship between haptic input and balance control. Participants were randomly assigned to either a message group where they balanced with haptic input after receiving a descriptive norm message about the positive effect of haptic input or a control group. Findings from an analysis of covariance revealed a significant difference between the two groups. Those in the descriptive norm message group had better balance control than those in the control group. These findings suggest that efforts designed to improve balance control through haptic input may be enhanced through normative messaging.

scholarly journals Competitive Performance Effects of Psychological Skill Training for Youth Swimmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Meggs ◽  
Mark A. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Positive Effect

This study assessed the effect of two different psychological methods of skills training—self-talk and goal setting—on the swimming performance of youth swimmers. We allocated a convenience sample of club and county level youth swimmers ( N = 49; Mage = 10.8, SD = 1.25) to one of the three groups: self-talk, goal setting, or a control group engaged in no systematic psychological method of skills training. The groups were balanced in terms of competitive performance ability, age, and gender. Participants in the experimental conditions (self-talk and goal setting) completed a 5-week psychological skills intervention program and were measured on pre- and post-200-m swimming time in competition. After controlling for level of engagement in the program, analysis of covariance revealed a significant omnibus effect ( p = .006, [Formula: see text] = .20) with post hoc pairwise comparisons using magnitude-based statistics demonstrating that goal setting had a small positive effect compared with self-talk ( η2 = .40; ± 0.45). Both self-talk ( η2 = .50; ±0.48) and goal setting ( η2 = .71; ±0.4) showed a small and moderate positive effect, respectively, relative to the control group. A social validation check confirmed that the swimmers found the intervention to be relevant, beneficial, and meaningful for improving performance. Psychological skills training may be effective in improving youth swimming performance; specific mechanisms underlying these benefits need further exploration.

EXAMINING THE PREDICTIVE EFFECT OF IMPULSIVITY LEVELS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS ON METACOGNITIVE THOUGHTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ece Naz ERMİŞ
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cognitive Awareness ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Predictive Effect

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the predictive effects of impulsivity levels and distinct personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion and psychotic) on metacognitive thoughts across a healthy population. The study was carried out with 69 university students who were selected randomly (60 female, 9 male; 18-28 ages). Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, MCQ-30 Metacognition Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Short Form and a demographical information form were used for data collection. Regression analyses were used in data examining. Findings revealed a statistically significant positive effect of neuroticism on metacognition. According to statistical analysis, there was a predictive effect of non-planning subscale scores of impulsivity on cognitive awareness subscale scores of metacognition. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant predictive effect of attentional subscale scores of impulsivity on cognitive confidence subscale scores of metacognition scale. The results were discussed regarding the limitations of the study and the suggestions were provided for future studies. KeyWords: Metacognition, Impulsivity, Personality   

Verbal feedback and the feature-positive effect in children

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C Bitgood ◽  
Kerry Segrave ◽  
Herbert M Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Feedback ◽  
Feature Positive Effect ◽  
Feature Positive ◽  
Positive Effect

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF A SPECIFIC TRAINING PROGRAM ON THE KINEMATIC PARAMETERS OF THE JUMP SHOT AMONG ELITE FEMALE HANDBALL PLAYERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Kristina Marković
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Ball Flight ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of an eight-week specific training program on the kinematic parameters of the jump shot at 9m from the goal, among elite female handball players. The sample of participants consisted of 30 female handball players (height: 1.73±0.08 m; mass: 69±8.9 kg; body mass index-BMI 22.9±2 kg/m2; training experience: 12.3±6.2 yrs), competing in the first national handball league of the Republic of Serbia. The research was longitudinal in nature, with an initial and final measuring. The experimental treatment included a 30 min replication of the regular training session, with specifically designed exercises (work with medicine balls, stabilizer training, and strength training in a gym). 12 kinematic variables of the jump shop were analyzed using the Kinovea software program, ver. 0.8.2. The analysis of covariance and the effect size (ES) determined a positive effect of the specific program on the kinematic parameters of the jump shot, especially on the variables of height and maximal ball flight velocity.

scholarly journals Urinary equol levels are positively associated with urinary estradiol excretion in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Fujitani ◽  
Yukiko Fujii ◽  
Zhaoqing Lyu ◽  
Mariko Harada Sassa ◽  
Kouji H. Harada
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Hormone ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Reduced Risk

AbstractIsoflavones found in soy products are a promising class of nutrients that may have a positive effect on human health. In particular, the phytoestrogen metabolite equol is associated with a reduced risk of developing female hormone-related diseases. However, the effect of equol on estrogen remains unclear. Equol can modify blood and urinary estradiol (E2) levels. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between urinary estrogen levels, equol levels, and equol production status in Japanese women. We analyzed urine samples from 520 women by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urinary E2 and 4-hydroxylated E2 levels were higher in equol producers (EQP) than in non-EQPs (P < 0.0001 and P=0.00112, respectively). After adjusting for age and tobacco use by analysis of covariance, the association remained significant (β = 0.299, P < 0.0001). Analysis of covariance demonstrated that equol levels in urine were also positively associated with urinary E2 (β = 0.597, P < 0.0001). The log equol concentration showed a significant, but moderate, negative association with the serum E2 concentration (β = − 0.0225, P = 0.0462). Our findings suggest that equol may promote urinary E2 excretion and modify blood E2 levels in women.

Trust me, I'm a bot – repercussions of chatbot disclosure in different service frontline settings

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nika Mozafari ◽  
Welf H. Weiger ◽  
Maik Hammerschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Customer Retention ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Outcomes ◽  
Levels Of Service ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeChatbots are increasingly prevalent in the service frontline. Due to advancements in artificial intelligence, chatbots are often indistinguishable from humans. Regarding the question whether firms should disclose their chatbots' nonhuman identity or not, previous studies find negative consumer reactions to chatbot disclosure. By considering the role of trust and service-related context factors, this study explores how negative effects of chatbot disclosure for customer retention can be prevented.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents two experimental studies that examine the effect of disclosing the nonhuman identity of chatbots on customer retention. While the first study examines the effect of chatbot disclosure for different levels of service criticality, the second study considers different service outcomes. The authors employ analysis of covariance and mediation analysis to test their hypotheses.FindingsChatbot disclosure has a negative indirect effect on customer retention through mitigated trust for services with high criticality. In cases where a chatbot fails to handle the customer's service issue, disclosing the chatbot identity not only lacks negative impact but even elicits a positive effect on retention.Originality/valueThe authors provide evidence that customers will react differently to chatbot disclosure depending on the service frontline setting. They show that chatbot disclosure does not only have undesirable consequences as previous studies suspect but can lead to positive reactions as well. By doing so, the authors draw a more balanced picture on the consequences of chatbot disclosure.

scholarly journals Examining the predictive effect of impulsivity levels and personality traits on metacognitive thoughts

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-212
Author(s):  
Ece Naz Ermis ◽  
Serra Icellioglu
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cognitive Awareness ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Predictive Effect

Abstract   The aim of this study was to determine the predictive effects of impulsivity levels and distinct personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism) on metacognitive thoughts across a healthy population. The study was carried out with 60 female and 9 male students whose ages ranged between 18 and 28. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), MCQ-30 Metacognition Scale (MCQ-30), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Short Form (BIS) were used to assess personality traits, metacognitive thoughts and impulsivity levels respectively. Regression analyses were used for data analysis. Statistical findings revealed a significant positive effect of neuroticism on overall metacognitive thoughts. According to statistical analysis, there was a predictive effect of non-planning subscale scores of impulsivity on cognitive awareness subscale scores of metacognition. Furthermore, there was statistically significant predictive effect of attention subscale scores of impulsivity on cognitive confidence subscale scores of metacognition scale. The results were discussed in accordance with the findings of the previous studies, and limitations of the present study and suggestions were provided for future studies. Keywords: metacognition, impulsivity, personality    

scholarly journals PROS AND CONS OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1182
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kajetanowicz ◽  
Aleksandra Kajetanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Positive Effect

Introduction: Technology developed specifically for patients progresses quickly and helps patients in hospital as well as at home. It helps the healthy population to stay healthy. Technology can broadly be divided into hardware and software. Main Text: When used under the supervision of health professionals, technology is mostly beneficial - when harm, or no benefit is detected, the technology is withdrawn or corrected. Uncontrolled use of technology without verification and without monitoring of outcomes often leads to negative effects. Without regulation, technology continues to be used even when proven to be useless or even harmful. Conclusion: Uncontrolled use of technology with no input from health professionals, social media, and internet access with unreliable sources has more negative than positive effect. There is need for more research on how to successfully educate patients since technology is quickly expanding, and it is easier than ever to access to information online. Traditional education relying on authority is not currently successful.

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