scholarly journals Comparing reliabilities of centralized and distributed switching architectures for reconfigurable 2D arrays

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Behrooz Parham
Keyword(s):  
Primary Concern ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Reliability Modeling ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Processor Arrays ◽  
Reliability Bounds ◽  
Modeling Uncertainties ◽  
Data Processor ◽  
2D Arrays ◽  
Extensive Body

<span>Whether used as main processing engines or as special-purpose adjuncts, processor arrays are capable of boosting performance for a variety of computation-intensive applications. For large processor arrays, needed to achieve the required performance level in the age of big data, processor malfunctions, resulting in loss of computational capabilities, form a primary concern. There is no shortage of alternative reconfiguration architectures and associated algorithms for building robust processor arrays. However, a commensurately extensive body of knowledge about the reliability modeling aspects of such arrays is lacking. We study differences between 2D arrays with centralized and distributed switching, pointing out the advantages of the latter in terms of reliability, regularity, modularity, and VLSI realizability. Notions of reliability inversion (modeling uncertainties that might lead us to choose a less-reliable system over one with higher reliability) and modelability (system property that makes the derivation of tight reliability bounds possible, thus making reliability inversion much less likely) follow as important byproducts of our study.</span>

scholarly journals The new National Atlas of Hungary – volume Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gábor Gercsák ◽  
Károly Kocsis ◽  
Zsombor Nemerkényi ◽  
László Zentai
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Hungarian Society ◽  
Extensive Body

Abstract. The current volume, National Atlas of Hungary – Society, is Part 3 of the series. It presents the special world of Hungarian society and, according to the availability of data, also that of the Carpatho–Pannonian Area. By combining the tools of statistics, geography and cartography, the maps present the spatial structure accompanied by numerous graphs, photos, texts and infographics.The present volume of the National Atlas, Society, contributes to a much deeper understanding of processes and a better understanding of the relationships between phenomena through the presentation of the spatial diversity of demographic and social processes in historical perspective. This is a significant record of the period also showing the challenges that Hungarian society faces at the end of the second decade of the 21st century. This addition to the National Atlas of Hungary – with its extensive body of knowledge presented in this work – is an important document of great benefit not only togeographers but also to historians, economists, politicians, and all other interested parties.

Constructive eHealth Evaluation

2016 ◽  
pp. 44-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marie Balling Høstgaard
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
End User ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
First Time

Despite the existence of an extensive body of knowledge about best practices and factors that contribute to the successful development and adoption of eHealth, many eHealth development-projects still face a number of problems - many of them of an organizational nature. This chapter presents a new method: “The Constructive eHealth evaluation method” aimed at supporting real end-user participation - a well-known success factor in eHealth development. It provides an analytical framework for achieving real end-user participation during the different phases in the eHealth lifecycle. The method was developed and used for the first time during the evaluation of an EHR planning process in a Danish region. It has proven effective for providing management at more levels on-going information and feedback from end-users, allowing management to change direction during eHealth development in order to achieve the most successful adoption and implementation of eHealth in healthcare environments.

Constructive eHealth Evaluation

2016 ◽  
pp. 2141-2174
Author(s):  
Anna Marie Balling Høstgaard
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
End User ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
First Time

Despite the existence of an extensive body of knowledge about best practices and factors that contribute to the successful development and adoption of eHealth, many eHealth development-projects still face a number of problems - many of them of an organizational nature. This chapter presents a new method: “The Constructive eHealth evaluation method” aimed at supporting real end-user participation - a well-known success factor in eHealth development. It provides an analytical framework for achieving real end-user participation during the different phases in the eHealth lifecycle. The method was developed and used for the first time during the evaluation of an EHR planning process in a Danish region. It has proven effective for providing management at more levels on-going information and feedback from end-users, allowing management to change direction during eHealth development in order to achieve the most successful adoption and implementation of eHealth in healthcare environments.

Methodologies for Investment Evaluation

2001 ◽  
pp. 78-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Berghout ◽  
Theo-Jan Renkema
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
It Investment ◽  
It Investments ◽  
Investment Evaluation ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
New Business ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Basic Approaches

The evaluation of information technology (IT) investments has been a recognised problem area for the last four decades, but has recently been fuelled by rising IT budgets, intangible benefits and considerable risks and gained renewed interest of both management and academics. IT investments already constitute a large and increasing portion of the capital expenditures of many organizations, and are bound to absorb a large part of future funding of new business initiatives. However, for virtually all firms, it is difficult to evaluate the business contribution of an IT investment to current operations or corporate strategy. Consequently, there is a great call for methods and techniques that can be of help in evaluating IT investments, preferably at the proposal and decision-making stages. The contribution of this chapter to the problem area is twofold. First, the different concepts, which are used in evaluation are discussed and more narrowly defined. When speaking about IT investments, concepts are used that originate from different disciplines. In many cases there is not much agreement on the precise meaning of the different concepts used. However, a common language is a prerequisite for the successful communication between the different organizational stakeholders in evaluation. In addition to this, the chapter reviews the current methods for IT investment evaluation and puts them into a frame of reference. All too often new methods and guidelines for investment evaluation are introduced, without building on the extensive body of knowledge that is already incorporated in the available methods. Four basic approaches are discerned: the financial approach, the multi-criteria approach, the ratio approach and the portfolio approach. These approaches are subsequently compared on a number of characteristics on the basis of methods that serve as examples for the different approaches. The chapter concludes with a review of key limitations of evaluations, suggestions on how to improve evaluation practice and recommendations for future research. This chapter draws on earlier work as published in Renkema and Berghout (1997), Berghout (1997), and Renkema (1996; 2000).

scholarly journals Governmental responses to COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Alketa Peci ◽  
Claudia Nancy Avellaneda ◽  
Kohei Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts

Abstract In response to the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide adopted a variety of strategies that include not just preventive or mitigation strategies adopted to “flatten the curve”, but also interventions aiming to mitigate economic and social impacts of the pandemic. RAP`s special issue gathered 17 reflexive, timely and relevant contributions of different governmental approaches to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper we highlight similarities and differences in governmental responses across countries and regions. We uncover and discuss broad themes covered in the symposium, focusing on: (a) impacts of social distancing strategies; (b) economic-relief responses; c) the role of bargaining, collaboration and coordination across levels of governance; (d) key actors and their role in the pandemic response; (e) pandemic and socio-economic inequalities; and (f) context, policy responses and effectiveness. The symposium adds to an extensive body of knowledge that has been produced on the topic of policy responses to COVID-19 pandemic offering more diverse contextual and comparative analysis.

Automating Movement of Freight

1997 ◽  
Vol 1602 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Vandersteel ◽  
Yiyuan Zhao ◽  
Thomas S. Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Extensive Body

A concept is introduced for a new mode of freight transportation in which general cargoes are “pumped” through underground or under-water pipelines. The concept itself is not new, but a recent technical breakthrough has transformed the technology to a point where tube freight could become a cost-effective alternative to surface freight, in particular, to truck and air freight. Although the study of this new mode is at the conceptual level, only the concept is based on an extensive body of knowledge, developed for pneumatic capsule pipelines for moving granular products, a well-proven technology backed by considerable operational experience. Tube freight has the potential to displace many long-haul trucks from U.S. highways. The principal driving forces are economics, safety, energy-conservation, and environmental impact. The system operates automatically under computer control, and deliveries are precisely predictable for meeting just-in-time production requirements. Preliminary studies suggest that tube freight is technically and economically feasible. The technology involved is state-of-the-art and nothing new needs to be invented. The major obstacle to tube freight’s implementation is that the concept is little known, and even less understood, by the transportation community.

scholarly journals The Nature of Atmospheric Turbulence Effects on Imaging and Pseudo-Imaging Systems, and its Quantification

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 4-1-4-44
Author(s):  
David L.
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Speckle Interferometry ◽  
Optical Propagation ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Wavefront Distortion ◽  
Turbulence Effects ◽  
Atmospheric Turbulence Effects ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Optical Strength

AbstractOver the last two decades, an extensive body of knowledge has been developed concerning the effects of atmospheric turbulence on optical propagation. Much of this is directly relevant to astronomical imaging, and with proper interpretation, to the type of pseudo-imagery that is of concern to us at this conference. This paper will provide an overview of this matter, hopefully with sufficient insight developed that the reader will be able to quickly estimate the nature and magnitude of the turbulence effects to be expected in a pseudo-imagery process. The paper starts with a review of turbulence effects on conventional imagery, reviewing the “nondimensional” nature of the turbulence statistics, presenting the local measure of the optical strength of turbulence,, and developing the resolution scale, r0. It presents a statistical view of the nature of the wavefront distortion geometry, indicating the dominance of the random wavefront tilt component. The MTF for conventional imagery and for speckle interferometry (Labeyrie) is presented with comments concerning their relationship. Following that, the foundation of the speckle imagery concept (Knox-Thompson) is presented. Results are then set forth for the allowable spectral bandwidth in speckle techniques, as well as results defining the allowable field-of-view size (isoplanatism) and the allowable exposure time for speckle techniques. Taken all together, these results provide a basis for estimating most of the significant effects of atmospheric turbulence in speckle interferometry and speckle imagery.

scholarly journals Hunting the White Elephant: When and How did Galileo Discover the Law of Fall?

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 299-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Renn ◽  
Peter Damerow ◽  
Simone Rieger ◽  
Domenico Giulini
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Historical Epistemology ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual

The ArgumentWe present a number of findings concerning Galileo's major discoveries which question both the methods and the results of dating his achievements by common historiographic criteria. The dating of Galileo's discoveries is, however, not our primary concern. This paper is intended to contribute to a critical reexamination of the notion of discovery from the point of view of historical epistemology. We claim that the puzzling course of Galileo's discoveries is not an exceptional comedy of errors but rather illustrates the normal way in which scientific progress is achieved. We argue that scientific knowledge generally develops not as a sequence of independent discoveries accumulating to a new body of knowledge but rather as a network of interdependent activities which only as a whole makes the individual steps understandable as meaningful “discoveries.”

scholarly journals Shared Mental Models and Inter-organizational AEC Project Teams

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Shafique ◽  
Sinem Mollaoglu-Scott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Integrated Project Delivery ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Shared Mental Models (SMM) is a well-established concept in cognitive psychology with strong links to team performance. Despite the extensive body of research in this area, the literature still presents varied perspectives and definitions for the SMM construct. Also, SMM empirical studies are limited to mostly the investigations of small disciplinary teams and are underutilized for inter-organizational project teams, such as those in the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. This study presents a detailed review of SMM literature resulting in a comprehensive framework and discusses the implications of SMM on AEC project teams, making a case for integrated project delivery. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a theoretical lens of SMM through which to analyze the AEC literature related to project delivery processes.

scholarly journals The first description of the nymphal stages of Hoplopleura longula (Psocodea: Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the harvest mouse Micromys minutus (Rodentia: Muridae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Kozina ◽  
Joanna N. Izdebska ◽  
Rafał Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Current State ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Sucking Lice ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
First Time ◽  
Harvest Mouse ◽  
Micromys Minutus

Despite the widespread belief that an extensive body of knowledge exists for the sucking lice (Anoplura), some of their common, Eurasian or even cosmopolitan species still lack complete taxonomic descriptions, especially those for their nymphal stages. This applies especially to the most common rodent parasites: the lice of the genus Hoplopleura. In Europe, only two of the five most common Hoplopleura species have full taxonomic characteristics with a description of the nymphal stages. This study enriches the current state of knowledge for another species, Hoplopleura longula and presents the first description of its nymphal stages. The study includes five rare louse specimens (two nymphs I, one nymph II, two nymphs III) of H. longula collected from 63 Eurasian harvest mice Micromys minutus. The collected lice were fixed and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol solution and then placed in polyvinyl-lactophenol to form total preparations. Only two of the five species found in Eurasia (H. acanthopus, H. affinis, H. captiosa, H. edentula and H. longula) have been given full taxonomic descriptions, including immature stages. This paper presents a description of the nymphal stages of H. longula (described for the first time).

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