Abstract 506: Changes in Vascular Function from Pre-conception to Post-partum Among Mongolian Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enkhmaa Davaasambuu ◽  
Chrisandra Shufelt ◽  
Jennifer Stuart ◽  
Noel Bairey Merz ◽  
Garrett Fitzmaurice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Temporary Decrease ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: A recent study found significant changes in maternal cardiovascular function from pre-conception to post-partum in British women. Objective: To document vascular function before, during, and after pregnancy as measured by brachial blood pressure, heart rate-corrected augmentation index (AIx75), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in Mongolian women. Methods: 70 women, planning to conceive, were enrolled in this prospective, longitudinal study. Within six months, 46 women conceived, 38 of whom delivered; of these, 27 with complete measurements were included in this analysis. Pre-conception, second trimester, third trimester, and 2 month post-partum vascular function were assessed using SphygmoCor arterial tonometry (Atcor Medical). Within-woman differences across time points, adjusted for age, parity and body mass index (BMI), were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of covariance. Results: Mean age was 31.3 ± 5.5 (SD) years, mean BMI was 21.9 ± 2.9 kg/m 2 and 81.5% were parous. We observed statistically significant differences across time points for AIx75 (p=0.02), with lowest levels in the second trimester and highest levels post-partum (Table). Brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressures and PWV were also lowest in the second trimester, but differences across time points were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In this pre-conception cohort followed through post-partum, we observed a significant, temporary decrease in AIx75 in pregnancy. The decrease in AIx75 represents increased vascular compliance necessary to accommodate the maternal physiologic and metabolic changes during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Neurocognitive Study for the Aging: Longitudinal Analysis on the Contribution of Sex, Age, Education and APOE ɛ4 on Cognitive Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Chadjikyprianou ◽  
Marilena Hadjivassiliou ◽  
Savvas Papacostas ◽  
Fofi Constantinidou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
Subject Factor ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Objective: The effects of normal cognitive aging on executive functions (EF), Verbal Episodic Memory (VEM) and the contribution of age, sex, education, and APOΕ ε4 in a group of old Greek Cypriots across a five-year period were investigated.Design: NEUROAGE, the first project on cognitive aging in Cyprus, is a prospective longitudinal study with a rolling admission process. Participants are assessed at baseline and retested every 24–30 months.Subjects: 170 participants completed all three testing cycles; 86 men and 84 women with ages ranging between 60 and 88 years (mean = 73.21, SD = 5.84); education, 2–20 years (mean = 9.07, SD = 4.27).Results: Α Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was conducted with one between-subject factor: sex; two covariates: age and education, while Time (time 1, time 2, time 3) served as a within – subject factor. Time did not have an effect on mini mental status examination in Greek (MMSE), EF or VEM. Also, sex had no effect on MMSE, EF and VEM. There was no time by sex interaction. Age and Education significantly predicted the EF performance, F(1, 168) = 11.23, p < 0.05; F(1, 158) = 90.03, p < 0.001 and VEM performance, F(1, 171) = 17.22, p < 0.001; F(1, 171) = 61.25, p < 0.001. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction effect between time and education, for EF, F(2, 167) = 7.02, p < 0.001. Performance of the APOE ε4 carriers did not differ on any of the above measures as compared to performance of non-carriers in this older adult group.Conclusion: Cognitively healthy adults maintained overall cognitive performance across the five-year period. Male and female participants performed similarly and the pattern of change over time was similar across the two sexes. Education was predictive of VEM and EF performance across time. Furthermore, those with higher education maintained higher levels of EF performance. APOE results did not differentiate performance at baseline. Implications of findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Educational Weaning Knowledge and Practices of Parents and Guardians of Children under Two Years Old at the David Rose Health Centre

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Padmini Bissessar ◽  
Kenesha Adams ◽  
Gina Chin ◽  
Sheena Chin ◽  
Paul Garraway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Objectives: To assess the knowledge of weaning, of parents and guardians, of children under two-years-old, attending David Rose Health Centre. To assess whether there is an association between selected demographic variables, and the weaning knowledge. To educate the parents and guardians on the World Health Organisation recommended weaning practices. To assess the change in knowledge of weaning after the delivery of an educational intervention. Design and Methods: A prospective longitudinal study with repeated measures design obtained 120 participants using a convenient, non-probability sampling method. Data was collected using a pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaire. The data was processed using the SPSS Version 24 Software Program and analysed with a scoring system developed by the researchers using the PAHO/WHO “Guiding Principles for Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child”. Results: Both educational interventions increased the participants knowledge from good to almost 100%. Conclusions: Most parents and guardians had good baseline knowledge. However, there were certain aspects where they lacked or had inaccurate knowledge. Overall, their knowledge improved regardless of the type of educational intervention they were exposed to. Recommendations: Future studies should be held in classroom settings, with more time allowed to assess change of knowledge.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers in Pregnant Women at Risk, for the Prediction of Preeclampsia

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Daniela Oancea ◽  
N. Costin ◽  
Daria Maria Pop ◽  
R. Ciortea ◽  
Ioana Trif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Introduction: A low degree of inflammation has been associated with complications in pregnancies, including preeclampsia (PE). The aim of our study was to determine the serum values of high sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy in pregnant women with risk factors for the development of PE, and to evaluate their relevance for the prediction of this disorder. Material and methods: We performed a prospective longitudinal study on 120 pregnant women, who were divided based on the pregnancy evolution, into two groups: group I - 26 pregnant women who developed preeclampsia and group II - 94 pregnant women with physiological evolution of pregnancy. Results: Our study has shown an increase in serum levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 in the first and second trimester of pregnancy in patients from group I, significant values being revealed only in the second trimester of pregnancy. The predictive power of the selected inflammatory markers was significant only for values of hs-CRP in the second trimester of pregnancy, while the association with IL-6 increased the prediction. Conclusions: Increased values of hs-CRP and IL-6 in the second trimester of pregnancy are associated with higher risk for preeclampsia, however the study provided only a modest efficiency of the prediction capacity.

A prospective longitudinal study of the impact of early postnatal vs. chronic maternal depressive symptoms on child development

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-L. Sutter-Dallay ◽  
L. Murray ◽  
L. Dequae-Merchadou ◽  
E. Glatigny-Dallay ◽  
M.-L. Bourgeois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Postnatal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundFew studies of the effects of postnatal depression on child development have considered the chronicity of depressive symptoms. We investigated whether early postnatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) predicted child developmental outcome independently of later maternal depressive symptoms.MethodsIn a prospective, longitudinal study, mothers and children were followed-up from birth to 2 years; repeated measures of PNDS were made using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); child development was assessed using the Bayley Scales II. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to examine the association between 6 week PNDS, and child development, taking subsequent depressive symptoms into account.ResultsChildren of mothers with 6 week PNDS were significantly more likely than children of non-symptomatic mothers to have poor cognitive outcome; however, this association was reduced to trend level when adjusted for later maternal depressive symptoms.ConclusionEffects of early PNDS on infant development may be partly explained by subsequent depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals The Utility of Plasma CRH as a Predictor of Preterm Delivery

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 5706-5710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warrick J. Inder ◽  
Timothy C. R. Prickett ◽  
M. Jane Ellis ◽  
Louise Hull ◽  
Rosemary Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Optimal Time Point ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Single Plasma ◽  
Time Point

It has been suggested that CRH is a placental clock that controls the duration of pregnancy and that the timing of the rise in CRH may permit prediction of the onset of labor. We have performed a prospective longitudinal study, in 297 women, to examine the utility of a single second-trimester plasma CRH measurement to predict preterm delivery. Venous blood samples were taken at 4-weekly intervals, beginning at 16–20 wk gestation, until delivery for CRH and its binding protein. A time point at which a single plasma CRH test might give optimal data to predict preterm delivery was determined. Thirty-one subjects delivered prematurely (10.4%). Sampling for plasma CRH at 26 wk gestation seemed the optimal time point to maximize sensitivity and specificity of the test. The mean (± sd) plasma CRH in women at this gestation who eventually delivered after spontaneous labor within 1 wk of their due date (39–41 wk, n = 127) was 34.7 ± 27.0 pm. A plasma CRH of more than 90 pm at 26 wk gestation had a sensitivity of 45% and a specificity of 94% for prediction of preterm delivery. The positive predictive value was 46.7%. Calculation of free CRH did not improve these figures. In conclusion, a single measurement of plasma CRH, toward the end of the second trimester, may identify a group at risk for preterm delivery, but over 50% of such deliveries will be unpredicted. These data do not support the routine clinical use of plasma CRH as a predictor of preterm labor.

scholarly journals Improving spatial normalization of brain diffusion MRI to measure longitudinal changes of tissue microstructure in the cortex and white matter

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Jacobacci ◽  
Jorge Jovicich ◽  
Gonzalo Lerner ◽  
Edson Amaro ◽  
Jorge L. Armony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTBackgroundFractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) are frequently used to evaluate longitudinal changes in white matter microstructure. Recently, there has been a growing interest in identifying experience-dependent plasticity in gray matter using MD. Improving registration has thus become a major goal to enhance the detection of subtle longitudinal changes in cortical microstructure.PurposeTo optimize normalization to improve registration in gray matter and reduce variability associated with multi-session registrations.Study TypeProspective longitudinal studySubjectsTwenty-one healthy subjects (18-31 years old) underwent 9 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning sessions each.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, diffusion-weighted multiband-accelerated sequence, MP2RAGE sequence.AssessmentDiffusion-weighted images were registered to standard space using different pipelines that varied in the features used for normalization, namely the non-linear registration algorithm (FSL vs ANTs), the registration target (FA-based vs T1-based templates), and the use of intermediate individual (FA-based or T1-based) targets. We compared the across-session test-retest reproducibility error from these normalization approaches for FA and MD in white and gray matters.Statistical TestsReproducibility errors were compared using a repeated-measures analysis of variance with pipeline as within-subject factor.ResultsThe registration of FA data to the FMRIB58 FA atlas using ANTs yielded lower reproducibility errors in white matter (p<0.0001) with respect to FSL. Moreover, using the MNI152 T1 template as the target of registration resulted in lower reproducibility errors for MD (p<0.0001), whereas the FMRIB58 FA template performed better for FA (p<0.0001). Finally, the use of an intermediate individual template improved reproducibility when registration of the FA images to the MNI152-T1 was carried out within modality (FA-FA) (p<0.05), but not via a T1-based individual template.Data ConclusionA normalization approach using ANTs to register FA images to the MNI152 T1 template via an individual FA template minimized test-retest reproducibility errors both for gray and white matter.

scholarly journals The association between cancer-related fatigue and diabetes from pre-chemotherapy to 6-months post-chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Kleckner ◽  
Ian R. Kleckner ◽  
Eva Culakova ◽  
Michelle Shayne ◽  
Elizabeth K. Belcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose To quantify the impact of diabetes on the trajectory of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) from pre-chemotherapy to 6 months post-chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer compared to non-cancer controls.Methods This was a secondary analysis from a nationwide prospective longitudinal study of female patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and age-matched women without cancer (controls). CRF was measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory (MFSI) pre-, post-, and 6-months post-chemotherapy in patients; controls were assessed at equivalent time points. Diabetes status was obtained at baseline. Repeated measures mixed models estimated the association between CRF and diabetes controlling for cancer (y/n), body mass index, exercise and smoking habits, baseline anxiety and depressive symptoms, menopausal status, marital status, race, and education.Results A total of 439 patients and 235 controls (age: 52.8±10.5 years) had available data on diabetes status. Diabetes was twice as prevalent among patients as controls (11.6% vs. 6.8%). Patients had worse fatigue than controls throughout treatment (p<0.001). Diabetes was associated with worse CRF with a clinically meaningful difference of 4.7±1.7 points on the fatigue measure in all participants (p=0.009) and patients alone (p=0.030). For MFSI subdomains, diabetes was associated with worse general (p=0.002), physical (p=0.005), and mental fatigue (p=0.025) but not worse emotional fatigue or vigor (p>0.14) among patients. Conclusions Diabetes was twice as prevalent in women with breast cancer compared to controls, and diabetes was associated with more severe CRF in patients before and after chemotherapy and at 6 months post-chemotherapy. Interventions that address diabetes management may also help address CRF during chemotherapy treatment

Prediction of headache severity (density and functional impact) after traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal multicenter study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 998-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C Walker ◽  
Jennifer H Marwitz ◽  
Amber R Wilk ◽  
Jessica M Ketchum ◽  
Jeanne M Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Headache (HA) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common, but predictors and time course are not well established, particularly after moderate to severe TBI. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study of HA severity post-TBI was conducted on 450 participants at seven participating rehabilitation centers. Generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) were used to model repeated measures (months 3, 6, and 12 post-TBI) of two outcomes: HA density (a composite of frequency, duration, and intensity) and HA disruptions to activities of daily living (ADL). Results: Although HA density and ADL disruptions were nominally highest during the first three months post-TBI, neither showed significant changes over time. At all time points, history of pre-injury migraine was by far the strongest predictor of both HA density and ADL disruptions (odds ratio (OR) = 8.0 and OR = 7.2, averaged across time points, respectively). Furthermore, pre-injury non-migraine HA (at three and six months post-TBI), penetrating-type TBI (at six months post-TBI), and female sex (at six and 12 months post-TBI) were each associated with an increase in the odds of a more severe HA density. Severity of TBI (post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) duration) was not associated with either outcome. Conclusion: Individuals with HA at three months after moderate-severe TBI do not improve over the ensuing nine months with respect to HA density or ADL disruptions. Those with pre-injury HA, particularly of migraine type, are at greatest risk for HA post-TBI. Other independent risk factors are penetrating-type TBI and, to a lesser degree and post-acutely only, female sex. Individuals with these risk factors should be monitored and considered for aggressive early intervention.

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