Abstract 17300: Acute Kidney Injury is Associated With High Mortality in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is high in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mortality risk of AF in the presence of CKD is also significantly high. Multiple theories of which importantly, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation causing increased ventricular remodeling and heart failure, explain the increased incidence of AF in CKD. However, there are no data available on the effects of acute kidney injury (AKI) on mortality in patients with AF. We sought to investigate the prevalence and association of AKI with in-hospital mortality in patients presenting with AF. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Using logistic regression methods appropriate for the NIS sample design, we estimated the mortality risk associated with AKI in AF patients and evaluated factors that might modify this association. Results: In 2011, AF accounted for 457662 (1.4%) of overall adult admissions in the United States with an in-hospital mortality rate of 1%. Among these hospitalizations 30894 (6.8%) had a concomitant AKI diagnosis. The prevalence of AKI was higher (38%) in patients who died during these AF hospitalizations. The mortality risk in AF hospitalizations with an AKI diagnosis remained high even after adjusting for factors associated with AKI including age, sex, CKD, sepsis, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure (CHF), smoking and heavy alcohol use (odds ratio 5.6; 95% CI (4.7 - 6.6); P<0.0001), relative to patients hospitalized with a non-AF diagnoses (odds ratio 3.3; 95% CI (3.2 - 3.4). The factors that interacted with AKI in predicting mortality risk in AF hospitalizations were underlying CKD, CHF, diabetes and alcoholism. Conclusion: Among hospitalized patients with AF, AKI is associated with significantly high mortality. This mortality was higher when compared to patients hospitalized with a non-AF diagnosis. Interpretation of our results must be conservative given the study design and data limitations. Future research using primary data sources might help identify factors associated with increased mortality in AKI patients presenting with AF.

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Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Admitted to Hospital With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease ◽

10.1177/20543581211027759 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205435812110277

Author(s):

Tyler Pitre ◽

Angela (Hong Tian) Dong ◽

Aaron Jones ◽

Jessica Kapralik ◽

Sonya Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Icu Admission

Background: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19 and its association with mortality and disease severity is understudied in the Canadian population. Objective: To determine the incidence of AKI in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to medicine and intensive care unit (ICU) wards, its association with in-hospital mortality, and disease severity. Our aim was to stratify these outcomes by out-of-hospital AKI and in-hospital AKI. Design: Retrospective cohort study from a registry of patients with COVID-19. Setting: Three community and 3 academic hospitals. Patients: A total of 815 patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 between March 4, 2020, and April 23, 2021. Measurements: Stage of AKI, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality. Methods: We classified AKI by comparing highest to lowest recorded serum creatinine in hospital and staged AKI based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) system. We calculated the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio for the stage of AKI and the outcomes of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality. Results: Of the 815 patients registered, 439 (53.9%) developed AKI, 253 (57.6%) presented with AKI, and 186 (42.4%) developed AKI in-hospital. The odds of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death increased as the AKI stage worsened. Stage 3 AKI that occurred during hospitalization increased the odds of death (odds ratio [OR] = 7.87 [4.35, 14.23]). Stage 3 AKI that occurred prior to hospitalization carried an increased odds of death (OR = 5.28 [2.60, 10.73]). Limitations: Observational study with small sample size limits precision of estimates. Lack of nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 and hospitalized patients without COVID-19 as controls limits causal inferences. Conclusions: Acute kidney injury, whether it occurs prior to or after hospitalization, is associated with a high risk of poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Routine assessment of kidney function in patients with COVID-19 may improve risk stratification. Trial registration: The study was not registered on a publicly accessible registry because it did not involve any health care intervention on human participants.

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Abstract 12789: Clinical Factors Associated With Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure in Egypt

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.12789 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Hassanin ◽

Mahmoud M Hassanein ◽

Madiha F Abdel-maksoud

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

The United States ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Clinical Variables ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Us ◽

One Year

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health burden in many low and middle-income countries (LMIC). However, most HF registries were conducted in high income countries, which often have different ethnic and cultural backgrounds from that of LMIC. Hypothesis: Independent clinical variables associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for HF in Egypt are different from those established in the United States (US). Methods: Between 2011 and 2014, 1,660 patients hospitalized for HF were enrolled from 20 centers across Egypt as part of the European Society of Cardiology HF long-term Registry. Deceased patients were compared to survivors, to identify demographic, clinical and biochemical variables associated with in-hospital and one-year mortality. Variables associated with mortality on univariate analysis, and independent variables identified in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) and in the Seattle Heart Failure Model, both based in the US, were entered into the multivariate logistic regression model. Results: In-hospital mortality was 5%. Only two independent clinical factors associated with in-hospital mortality were identified: elevated serum creatinine (sCr), OR=1.47 [95% CI: 1.23, 1.74] for every point increases above one mg/dl; and low admission systolic blood pressure (SBP), OR=1.54; [95% CI: 1.43, 1.65] for every 10 points decrease in SBP below 140 mmHg. At one-year follow up, mortality was 27%. Independent predictors of one-year mortality were: age, OR=1.47; [95% CI: 1.23,1.75] for every 10-year increase above 40; low discharge SBP, OR=1.30 [95% CI: 1.08, 1.52] for every 10 points decrease below 140 mmHg; low ejection fraction, OR=1.51 [95% CI: 0.59,0.73] for every 5 points decrease from 65%; chronic liver disease, OR=3.0 [95% CI: 1.51,5.88]; history of stroke, OR=3.2 [95% CI: 1.52,6.65]. These variables overlapped with those identified in US registries. Conclusions: Independent clinical variables associated with mortality after HF hospitalization in Egypt are similar to those reported in HF registries in the US.

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Acute Kidney Injury after Endovascular Treatment in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051471 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1471

Author(s):

Joonsang Yoo ◽

Jeong-Ho Hong ◽

Seong-Joon Lee ◽

Yong-Won Kim ◽

Ji Man Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Endovascular Treatment ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Functional Outcomes ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Poor Functional Outcome ◽

Factors Associated

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often associated with the use of contrast agents. We evaluated the frequency of AKI, factors associated with AKI after endovascular treatment (EVT), and associations with AKI and clinical outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed consecutively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent EVT at three stroke centers in Korea. We compared the characteristics of patients with and without AKI and independent factors associated with AKI after EVT. We also investigated the effects of AKI on functional outcomes and mortality at 3 months. Of the 601 patients analyzed, 59 patients (9.8%) developed AKI and five patients (0.8%) started renal replacement therapy after EVT. In the multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR), 2.341; 95% CI, 1.283–4.269; p = 0.005), the contrast agent dose (OR, 1.107 per 10 mL; 95% CI, 1.032–1.187; p = 0.004), and unsuccessful reperfusion (OR, 1.909; 95% CI, 1.019–3.520; p = 0.040) were independently associated with AKI. The presence of AKI was associated with a poor functional outcome (OR, 5.145; 95% CI, 2.177–13.850; p < 0.001) and mortality (OR, 8.164; 95% CI, 4.046–16.709; p < 0.001) at 3 months. AKI may also affect the outcomes of ischemic stroke patients undergoing EVT. When implementing EVT, practitioners should be aware of these risk factors.

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Reduced Mortality Associated with Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis in the United States

American Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1159/000445846 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 261-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jeremiah R. Brown ◽

Michael E. Rezaee ◽

William M. Hisey ◽

Kevin C. Cox ◽

Michael E. Matheny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Population Attributable Risk ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

The United States ◽

Attributable Risk ◽

Discharge Data ◽

The Us

Background: Dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury (AKI-D) is a documented complication of hospitalization and procedures. Temporal incidence of AKI-D and related hospital mortality in the US population has not been recently characterized. We describe the epidemiology of AKI-D as well as associated in-hospital mortality in the US. Methods: Retrospective cohort of a national discharge data (n = 86,949,550) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample, 2001-2011 of patients' hospitalization with AKI-D. Primary outcomes were AKI-D and in-hospital mortality. We determined the annual incidence rate of AKI-D in the US from 2001 to 2011. We estimated ORs for AKI-D and in-hospital mortality for each successive year compared to 2001 using multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics, and stratified the analyses by sex and age. We also calculated population-attributable risk of in-hospital mortality associated with AKI-D. Results: The adjusted odds of AKI-D increased by a factor of 1.03 (95% CI 1.02-1.04) each year. The number of AKI-D-related (19,886-34,195) in-hospital deaths increased almost 2-fold, although in-hospital mortality associated with AKI-D (28.0-19.7%) declined significantly from 2001 to 2011. Over the same period, the adjusted odds of mortality for AKI-D patients were 0.60 (95% CI 0.56-0.67). Population-attributable risk of mortality associated with AKI-D increased (2.1-4.2%) over the study period. Conclusions: The incidence rate of AKI-D has increased considerably in the US since 2001. However, in-hospital mortality associated with AKI-D hospital admissions has decreased significantly.

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Hospitalization for complications due to systemic therapy in the United States.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.7078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 7078-7078

Author(s):

Muni Rubens ◽

Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy ◽

Anshul Saxena ◽

Emir Veledar ◽

Peter McGranaghan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Systemic Therapy ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Unknown Origin ◽

The United States ◽

Urgent Care ◽

Coordinated Care ◽

Hospitalization Rates ◽

Management Of Complications

7078 Background: Management of complications of systemic therapy for cancer involves significant healthcare burden for both patients and healthcare system. Aim of this study is to estimate trends as well as burden associated with these hospitalizations, using a nationally representative data. Methods: National Inpatient Sample data during 2005-2016 was used to identify complications of systemic therapy using ICD-9 and ICD-10 external cause of injury codes. Primary outcome was hospitalization rate while secondary outcomes were cost and in-hospital mortality related to these complications. Results: There were 443,222,223 hospitalizations recorded during the study period, of which 2,419,722 were due to complications of systemic therapy. The average annual percentage change of these hospitalizations was 8.1%, compared to -0.5% for general hospitalizations. The 3 most common causes for hospitalization were anemia (12.8%), neutropenia (10.8%), and sepsis (7.8%). During the study period, hospitalization rates had highest relative increases for sepsis (1.9 fold) and acute kidney injury (1.6 fold) and highest relative decrease for dehydration (0.21 fold) and fever of unknown origin (0.35 fold). Complications responsible for highest costs per hospitalization were sepsis ($16,834), acute kidney injury ($13,172), and pneumonia ($13,040). Leading causes of in-hospital mortality associated with systemic therapy were sepsis (15.8%), pneumonia (7.6%), and acute kidney injury (7.0%). Conclusions: During 2005-2016, hospitalization rates for systemic therapy complications increased by an annual rate of 8.1%, with anemia, neutropenia, and sepsis as the most common complications requiring hospitalization. Initiatives such as rule OP-35 by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service, improving access and providing coordinated care, early identification and management of symptoms, and expanding urgent care access could decrease these hospitalizations and the burden on healthcare. [Table: see text]

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ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERY THROMBOEMBOLIA

Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal ◽

10.34014/2227-1848-2021-2-36-45 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36-45

Author(s):

V.V. Filimonova ◽

M.V. Menzorov ◽

A.Yu. Bol'shakova

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Pulmonary Artery ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

De Novo ◽

Central City ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Cardiology Department ◽

Estimated Risk ◽

Stage 1

The aim of the study is to diagnose acute kidney injury, its severity, and types in patients with pulmonary artery thromboembolia (PATE), to establish the correlation between AKI and the estimated mortality risk, hospital mortality. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 111 patients (61 males (55 %), and 50 females (45 %), average age 66.8±11.7 years) with PATE, hospitalized to the cardiology department of Ulyanovsk Central City Clinical Hospital. Results. Acute kidney injury was diagnosed in 36 patients with PATE (34 %): among them 24 patients with stage 1 PATE (67 %); 7 patients with stage 2 (19 %); 5 patients with stage 3 (14 %). Prehospital complications were diagnosed in 20 patients (56 %), hospital AKI was detected in 16 patients (44 %). CKD-associated AKI was observed in 24 patients (67 %), de novo AKI was diagnosed in 12 trial subjects (33 %). Twenty-six patients (23 %) died during hospitalization. The relative hospital mortality risk in AKI patients was 5.2 (95 % CI: 2.02–13.39; p<0.001). The estimated risk of 30-day mortality according to the PESI score was higher in AKI patients (120.0 (87.5–158,0) and 90 (87.5-158.0), respectively, p=0.004). Conclusion. Patients with PATE had a high incidence of AKI, which was diagnosed in every 3rd patient. In 67 % of patients, AKI was associated with chronic kidney disease. Patients with prehospital AKI prevailed (56 %). AKI in patients with PATE was associated with increased in-hospital mortality and an estimated 30-day mortality risk. Keywords: acute kidney injury, pulmonary embolism, hospital mortality, estimated mortality risk. Цель исследования. Оценить наличие, степень выраженности и варианты острого повреждения почек (ОПП) у пациентов с тромбоэмболией легочной артерии (ТЭЛА); уточнить связь между ОПП и расчетным риском смерти, госпитальной летальностью. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 111 пациентов (мужчин – 61 (55 %), женщин – 50 (45 %), средний возраст – 66,8±11,7 года) с ТЭЛА, госпитализированных в отделение кардиологии ГУЗ «Центральная городская клиническая больница г. Ульяновска». Результаты. Острое повреждение почек диагностировано у 36 (34 %) пациентов с ТЭЛА, причем у 24 (67 %) из них выявлена 1 стадия, у 7 (19 %) – 2 стадия и у 5 (14 %) – 3 стадия. У 20 (56 %) пациентов диагностирован догоспитальный вариант осложнения, госпитальное ОПП выявлялось в 16 (44 %) случаях. ОПП при ХБП имело место у 24 (67 %) обследованных, ОПП de novo – у 12 (33 %). В период госпитализации умерло 26 (23 %) пациентов. Относительный риск смерти в стационаре у пациентов с ОПП составил 5,2 (95 % ДИ: 2,02–13,39; р<0,001). Расчетный риск 30-дневной смерти по шкале PESI при наличии ОПП был выше, чем при его отсутствии (120,0 (87,5–158,0) и 90 (87,5–158,0) соответственно, p=0,004). Выводы. У пациентов с ТЭЛА наблюдается высокая частота ОПП, оно диагностируется у каждого 3-го пациента. У 67 % пациентов острое повреждение почек развивается на фоне предшествующей хронической болезни почек. Преобладают пациенты с догоспитальным ОПП (56 %). Острое повреждение почек у пациентов с ТЭЛА ассоциировано с увеличением госпитальной летальности и расчетного риска 30-дневной смертности. Ключевые слова: острое повреждение почек, тромбоэмболия легочной артерии, госпитальная летальность, расчетный риск смерти.

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Abstract 16705: Prevalence and Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19 and Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.16705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Zaniar Ghazizadeh ◽

Chad Gier ◽

Avinainder Singh ◽

Lina Vadlamani ◽

Maxwell Eder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Cardiac Injury ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Prior History ◽

New Haven ◽

History Of ◽

Record Review

Introduction: The prevalence and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (AF/FL) remains unclear. Methods: The Yale Cardiovascular COVID Registry is a cohort study of adult patients >=18 years hospitalized with COVID-19 in the Yale New Haven Health System. Retrospective medical record review was performed on consecutive patients from the registry admitted between March and June 2020. We calculated the rates of prior and in-hospital AF/FL and evaluated the unadjusted rates of in-hospital adverse events for both groups; we then calculated the adjusted odds of adverse events using logistic regression. Results: Among 396 patients, the mean age was 68.2, 52.3% were men, 56.4% were Caucasian, 28.4% Black and 16.9% Hispanic. 15.7% of patients had prior history of AF/FL. 19.9% of patients had in-hospital AF/FL, 7.83% of which did not have a prior history of AF/FL. Patients with in-hospital AF/FL had significantly more CV complications compared to those without including cardiac injury (78.5% vs 42.7%, p=0.000), type 2 myocardial infarction (53.3 vs 30.3%, p=0.002), and heart failure (32.9% vs 9.2%, p=0.000). In-hospital AF/FL was associated with significantly worse outcomes related to COVID-19 including ICU survival (OR 0.22 [0.08-0.59], p=0.002), heart failure (5.19 [2.56-10.5], p=0.000), myocardial injury (OR 2.87 [1.49-5.49], p=0.001), acute kidney injury (OR 2.02 [1.09-3.74], p=0.027), dialysis (OR 4.07 [1.38-12.03], p=0.011) and hospice/death (OR 2.47 [1.35-4.53], p=0.004). Conclusion: AF/FL are common in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and these patients had significantly worse outcomes, including lower odds of ICU survival and higher odds of heart failure, acute kidney injury, dialysis and hospice/death.

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Variation in Risk and Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Study

American Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1159/000371748 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 81-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Nattachai Srisawat ◽

Florentina E. Sileanu ◽

Raghavan Murugan ◽

Rinaldo Bellomo ◽

Paolo Calzavacca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Severity Of Illness ◽

Process Of Care ◽

Residual Confounding

Background: Despite standardized definitions of acute kidney injury (AKI), there is wide variation in the reported rates of AKI and hospital mortality for patients with AKI. Variation could be due to actual differences in disease incidence, clinical course, or a function of data ascertainment and application of diagnostic criteria. Using standard criteria may help determine and compare the risk and outcomes of AKI across centers. Methods: In this cohort study of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care units at six hospitals in four countries, we used KDIGO criteria to define AKI. The main outcomes were the occurrence of AKI and hospital mortality. Results: Of the 15,132 critically ill patients, 32% developed AKI based on serum creatinine criteria. After adjusting for differences in age, sex, and severity of illness, the odds ratio for AKI continued to vary across centers (odds ratio (OR), 2.57-6.04, p < 0.001). The overall, crude hospital mortality of patients with AKI was 27%, which also varied across centers after adjusting for KDIGO stage, differences in age, sex, and severity of illness (OR, 1.13-2.20, p < 0.001). The severity of AKI was associated with incremental mortality risk across centers. Conclusions: In this study, the absolute and severity-adjusted rates of AKI and hospital mortality rates for AKI varied across centers. Future studies should examine whether variation in the risk of AKI among centers is due to differences in clinical practice or process of care or residual confounding due to unmeasured factors.

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Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury in the United States: Clinical Outcomes and Health Care Utilization

American Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1159/000505894 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 216-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Silvi Shah ◽

Karthikeyan Meganathan ◽

Annette L. Christianson ◽

Kathleen Harrison ◽

Anthony C. Leonard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Health Care Utilization ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

The United States ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Inpatient Mortality ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Race Ethnicity

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) during pregnancy is a public health problem and is associated with maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Clinical outcomes and health care utilization in pregnancy-related AKI, especially in women with diabetes, are not well studied. Methods: Using data from the 2006 to 2015 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified 42,190,790 pregnancy-related hospitalizations in women aged 15–49 years. We determined factors associated with AKI, including race/ethnicity, and associations between AKI and inpatient mortality, and between AKI and cardiovascular (CV) events, during pregnancy-related hospitalizations. We calculated health care expenditures from pregnancy-related AKI hospitalizations. Results: Overall, the rate of AKI during pregnancy-related hospitalizations was 0.08%. In the adjusted regression analysis, a higher likelihood of AKI during pregnancy-related hospitalizations was seen in 2015 (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.89–2.55) than in 2006; in older women aged 36–40 years (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.36–1.64) and 41–49 years (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.84–2.45) than in women aged 20–25 years; in blacks (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.40–1.65) and Native Americans (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.10–1.91) than in whites, and in diabetic women (OR 4.43; 95% CI 4.04–4.86) than in those without diabetes. Pregnancy-related hospitalizations with AKI were associated with a higher likelihood of inpatient mortality (OR 13.50; 95% CI 10.47–17.42) and CV events (OR 9.74; 95% CI 9.08–10.46) than were hospitalizations with no AKI. The median cost was higher for a delivery hospitalization with AKI than without AKI (USD 18,072 vs. 4,447). Conclusion: The rates of pregnancy-related AKI hospitalizations have increased during the last decade. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of AKI during pregnancy included older age, black and Native American race/ethnicity, and diabetes. Hospitalizations with pregnancy-related AKI have an increased risk of inpatient mortality and CV events, and a higher health care utilization than do those without AKI.

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