scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary Capacity in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Grzyb ◽  
Małgorzata Domagalska-Szopa ◽  
Andrzej Siwiec ◽  
Ilona Kwiecień-Czerwieniec ◽  
Andrzej Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Background: One of the objective methods of assessing the level of cardiopulmonary capacity in overweight and obese children and adolescents is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).Aims: The purpose of present study is an evaluation of aerobic capacity in high body mass index (BMI) children and adolescents by comparing them with a normal weight control group by CPET.Methods and Procedures: The subjects were recruited from participants of the Program of Treatment for Overweight and Obese Children organized by a local pediatric rehabilitation center in Poland. Based on BMI for age and gender, two validation groups were selected: (1) a group of overweight children (n = 49) and (2) a group of obese children (n = 48). The study included also 53 normal weight participants as a reference group (REF). The study consisted of two parts: anthropometric measurements and CPET. The Godfrey protocol for CPET was applied.Outcomes and Results: In this study, obese children and adolescents showed similar absolute VO2peak values in liters per minute (1.64 L/min) compared to overweight children (1.48 L/min), but significantly higher than children with normal body weight (1.39 L/min). The obese children and adolescents presented lower VO2peak in relation to body weight (25.44 ml/kg/min) compared to their peers with normal body weight (36.5 ml/kg/min), and overweight children (29.18 ml/kg/min).Conclusion and Implications: The main finding of our study was recognition of significant differences between cardiopulmonary capacity parameters in obese children in comparison not only to normal weight peers, but to overweight, too.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF HYGIENIC AND DIETARY HABITS ON INCIDENCE OF DENTAL CARIES IN YOUNG NORMAL-WEIGHT AND OVERWEIGHT SCHOOLCHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
O.V. Sheshukova ◽  
A. V. Veretilnik
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Body Weight

This paper presents the analysis of foreign and domestic literature on the current state of the epidemic of obesity and evidence of its association with oral disease. The aim of this study was to assess the hygienic and dietary habits of overweight and normal-weight young schoolchildren and their association with dental caries. Materials and methods. The study included 628 children aged 6-11 years studying at primary schools of Poltava. We measured anthropometric data, assessed physical development, collected anamnestic data of children and carried out clinical dental examination. The oral hygienic state was assessed by using the simplified hygienic Green-Vermillion index (1964). Results. According to the findings of anthropometric survey obtained, we found out that 32, 64% (205 children) of the children were overweight. Having analyzed the data obtained by the questionnaire, it is safe to say that there is no noticeable difference in the hygienic habits between the primary schoolchildren involved in the study. Only about 70% of them brush their teeth every day, but only 15% of children get assistance from their parents or siblings. Such data are alarming due to the fact that as young children usually cannot clean their teeth properly therefore children under 10 should be under the control or guidance of their parents when brushing the teeth. Dietary habits of the overweight and normal-weight children are significantly different. The index of hygiene in children with excess body weight was within 2.1 scores that corresponds to unsatisfactory hygiene; children with normal body weight demonstrated significantly lower indicators ranging within 1.8 scores. The results of the dental examination showed that the caries prevalence was 60.78% and 58.63% for children with normal weight and excessive weight, respectively. Those figures did not differ significantly from the indicated age group of children with excessive and normal body weight. The study of the caries intensity showed that in the normal-weight children the df + DMF index was 1.89 ± 0.01, and the overweight children had the df + DMF 1.82 ± 0.04 index: thus, no significant difference was revealed. Caries of temporary teeth in children with excessive body weight was significantly seldom detected than in the group of children with normal body weight (2.46 ± 0.05 and 2.82 ± 0.02, respectively). The results of examining children with overweight and obesity demonstrated significantly lower intensity index of complicated caries of temporary teeth (1.07 ± 0.04 and 1.28 ± 0.02, respectively). Conclusions. Consequently, there is no significant difference in the hygienic habits between normal-weight and overweight children. As for dietary habits, there is a significant difference revealed by questioning the children. There is no difference in the hygienic index in the children of these two groups. The prevalence of caries was within the normal limits. A significant difference has been found in determining the caries intensity of permanent teeth in young school children of the studied groups. It is noteworthy that lower rates of caries intensity and its complications affecting temporary teeth have been found out in the overweight children when compared with peers having normal body weight; the patterns in the growth of the caries intensity for permanent teeth in the overweight children have been determined as well. Mostly due to inadequate hygiene, lack of balanced nutrition and adherence to a diet rich in carbohydrates, young children are especially vulnerable category of dental patients.

scholarly journals POS0358 EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF mTOR EXPRESSION ON THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN OBESE AND NORMAL WEIGHT PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 409.2-409
Author(s):  
E. Strebkova ◽  
E. Tchetina ◽  
L. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Womac Pain ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Background:Currently, a large number of molecular biological and genetic markers are known to be involved in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is responsible for chondrocyte proliferation, cartilage matrix production, and cell growth. OA is characterized by increased mTOR synthesis, which is accompanied by an increase in proliferative activity and destruction of chondrocytes. Obesity is an important factor in the progression of knee OA. The study of mTOR expression in patients with OA and obesity is an urgent task in the development of personalized OA therapy.Objectives:To determine the expression of mTOR in patients with knee OA in combination with obesity and normal body weight. To evaluate the effect of mTOR on the clinical manifestations of OA in patients with different body mass index (BMI).Methods:The study included 73 female patients aged 45-65 y.o. with Kellgren-Lawrence stage II-III knee OA. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=50) with obesity (BMI > 30 kg / cm2) and group 2 (n=23) with normal or increased body weight (BMI < 30 kg/cm2). The average age of patients with obesity is 56.5 ± 5.87 years, without obesity - 58.7 ± 5.43 years. Clinical manifestations were evaluated by a WOMAС. RNA was isolated from the patients ‘ blood samples, which was used to determine the expression of mTOR.Results:Patients with knee OA with and without obesity did not differ in age. OA develops at an earlier age in obese patients, than in non-obese patients (p < 0.001). Patients from 1 group had a high BMI > 30 kg/m2 at the onset of OA. Obese patients had more severe knee OA is significantly more often detected: Kellgren-Lawrence stage III was determined in 10% of obese patients and in 4.35% - without obesity (p < 0.001). Significantly higher values of the WOMAC index pain, stiffness, joint functional failure, and total WOMAC were observed in obese patients (p = 0.006, p = 0.039, p = 0.037, and p = 0.014, respectively). Obese patients had higher VAS pain scores (p < 0.05) compared to patients with a lower BMI. Obese patients had a higher mTOR expression (p < 0.05) of 8.02±8.62, compared to non-obese patients. High mTOR expression was associated with VAS knee pain (r=0.78; p < 0.05) and WOMAC pain (r=0.89; p<0.05) in obese patients (Table 1).Table 1.Correlation of m-TORParametersmTOR (1 group, n=50)mTOR (2 group, n=23)Body weightр > 0,05р > 0,05Pain (VAS)r=0,78; р<0,05p = 0,07; r = 0,45Pain (WOMAC)r=0,89; р<0,05р > 0,05Total WOMACр > 0,05р > 0,05Conclusion:Our study showed that patients with obesity and knee OA have higher rates of mTOR expression, compared to patients with normal body weight. High mTOR expression correlates with the severity of knee pain in obese patients. Thus, the evaluation of mTOR expression in obese patients and knee OA plays an important role in predicting the severity of clinical manifestations of OA, and may influence the choice of personalized therapy tactics for such patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF ENDOTHELIN-1 IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY, DEPENDING ON THE LYS198ASN POLYMORPHISM OF THE ENDOTHELIN-1 GENE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Yu.O. Smiianova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Endothelial dysfunction is considered one of the main mechanisms for the further development of arterial hypertension (AH) and its complications, and endothelin-1 (ЕТ-1) plays one of the key roles in this process. Endothelium is drawn into the pathological process at the earliest stages of AH development. ЕТ-1 is currently considered as a marker and predictor of the stage and consequences of AH, chronic heart failure (CHF), coronary heart disease (CHD), in particularly, acute myocardial infarction (MI), heart rhythm disorders, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerotic vascular injury, target vascular disorders. One factor that may influence the level of ЕТ-1 is the endothelin-1 gene Lys198Asn polymorphism, which is considered by many researchers as a possible genetic marker of AH. However, the effect of this polymorphism on the level of plasma ЕТ-1 level in patients with AH of varying severity in Ukraine is understudied. The basis of this work were the materials of a complete examination of 160 patients with a verified diagnosis of AH I, stage II of 1, 2, 3 degrees (main group) and 110 apparently healthy persons (control group). Patients of the main group were divided into three subgroups: 1st group ­– 75 patients with normal body weight; 2nd group – 48 overweight patients; 3rd group – 37 patients with alimentary obesity. In obese patients, the waist circumference in women was around 103 (96–115) cm, and in men – 108 (105–116) cm, which indicates an abdominal type of obesity in these patients. As a result of the study, it was found that the level of ЕТ-1 is higher in patients with AH who suffer with overweight and obesity as compared with patients with AH and normal body weight. Also, the peptide level depends on the genotype of patients and is higher in AH patients with the genotype Asn198Asn and Lys198Asn as compared to carriers of the genotype Lys198Lys.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CYTOKINE PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA COMBINED WITH OBESITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-920
Author(s):  
M. V. Antonyuk ◽  
T. A. Gvozdenko ◽  
T. P. Novgorodtseva ◽  
T. I. Vitkina ◽  
B. I. Geltser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 1

Combination of bronchial asthma (BA) and obesity is a difficult-to-control phenotype. Studies of inflammatory process with respect to severity of the disease are important for understanding the potential influence of obesity on the BA clinical course. The objective of this study was to determine cytokine profile in patients with mild BA combined with obesity. The study involved fifty-three patients with partially controlled mild BA. The patients were recruited as volunteers and signed an informed consent. The first observation group consisted of 27 asthma patients with normal body weight, the second observation group consisted of 26 patients with BA combined with obesity. A control group included 25 healthy volunteers. All the patients underwent clinical and laboratory examination in accordance with clinical standards for BA and obesity. The levels of TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 were evaluated in blood serum by means of flow cytometry. The ratios of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα/IL-4, TNFα/IL-10, IL-6/IL-4, IL-6/IL-10) were calculated. Asthma patients with obesity (the 2nd group) had elevated levels of IL-2 over control group and group 1, by 38% and 44% respectively(p < 0.05). The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 was significanty increased in the both patient groups. Mean TNFα level was increased 2.5 times (p < 0.05), and IL-6 levels were increased by 30% (p < 0.05) in the 1st group as compared to the controls. TNFα and IL-6 concentrations showed a 3-fold increase over control values (p < 0.05) in the 2nd group. The level of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-4 was increased in patients with BA, independently of body mass. It should be noted that the concentration of this cytokine in obese patients was higher by 29% than in patients with normal body weight. IL-10 levels in patients from the 2nd group were reduced more than 2 times than in the 1st group. The patients of the 1st group showed a decrease in the IL-6/IL-10 index, in comparison with control parameters, thus indicative of an imbalance due to the elevation of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine. Among BA patients with obesity (group 2) the TNFα/IL-10 and IL-6/IL-10 indexes were higher than those of the control group (2.3- and 5.5-fold, respectively) and the group 1 (2.6- and 2.5-fold, respectively). Dynamics of these indexes confirms the systemic nature of inflammation and a predominance of non-atopic  inflammation in asthma patients with obesity. Thus, features of the cytokine profile in BA with obesity consist of a significant increase in pro-inflammatory IL-2, IL-6, TNFα cytokines, and a relative decrease in anti-inflammatory IL- 10 cytokine. The development of BA with obesity, even in mild-severity BA, is accompanied by development of a cytokine disbalance, which is typical for a mixed-type inflammation, with a prevalence of neutrophil inflammation. 

scholarly journals The association of positive mental health indicators and normal body weight, Belgian HIS 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K De Ridder ◽  
S Drieskens ◽  
S Demarest
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Low Educated

Abstract Background An important health promotion goal is to maintain a normal body weight. However, knowledge about positive mental health indicators that might be associated with normal weight is scarce. The aim is to study positive mental health indicators and normal weight in a cross-sectional national representative population sample. Methods Study participants included adults aged ≥ 18 year (n = 6643) of the Belgian Health Interview Survey (HIS) 2018. Mental health indicators were having no psychological distress (GHQ-12&lt;2), no self-reported anxiety or depression (EQ_5D), medium to high vitality (SF-36 vitality scale) and high to medium level of life satisfaction. BMI was calculated on self-declared height and weight. The associations were assessed through logistic regression taking into account confounding and effect modification by age, gender, educational level, health status, physical activity, daily eating of fruit and vegetables and daily consuming sugared soft drinks or sweet/salty snacks. Results 50.1% had a BMI≥25. In the crude models, all indicators were negatively associated with being obese, but there was no association between having a normal weight (versus overweight and obesity) and absence of psychological distress, absence of anxiety and depression, and medium to high vitality. Medium to high level of life satisfaction was associated with normal weight in the fully adjusted model (OR 1.3; 95%CI 1.0-1.6) but when stratified, medium to high life satisfaction was associated with normal weight only among high educated women (OR 1.8; 95%CI 1.1-2.9), but not among men and low educated women. Surprisingly, among low educated women, having no psychological distress was negatively associated with normal weight (OR 0.7; 95%CI 0.5-0.9). Conclusions These preliminary results showed a variable impact of gender and educational levels on the association between positive mental health indicators and normal weight. Trends and distribution in society should be further explored. Key messages Although unequivocal associations with obesity, positive mental health is not clearly associated with normal body weight in today’s obesogenic society. The effect of a shift towards a higher BMI in society on mental health needs to be further explored.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GUMS IN CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE WITH NORMAL BODY WEIGHT AND OVERWEIGHT

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Anastasiia V. Onyschenko ◽  
Olga V. Sheshukova ◽  
Halyna A. Yeroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
School Age ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Intermediate Cells ◽  
Primary School Age

The aim of the research was to study the cellular composition of the gums in children of primary school age with normal body weight and overweight for further use of this data in the early diagnostics of periodontal diseases. Materials and methods: We examined 81 children aged from 6 to 12 years. Cytological examination of gingival cytograms was performed in all examined children. Results: Based on the analysis of the quantitative content of epithelial cells in children with normal body weight, their ratio was established, which is determined by the percentage of 0: 6: 94 (parabasal, intermediate, superficial). The obtained data completely coincide with the percentage of the differentiated ratio of epitheliocytes of multilayered squamous epithelium in children with normal body weight with inflammation and without it in the periodontal tissues. Our cytological examinations of gingival scrape smears in overweight children in contrast to the results of the study of epithelial scrape smears in children with normal body weight have some differences. Thus, in the process of calculation, the degree of differentiation of various epitheliocytes determines their percentage as follows – 3: 7: 90 (parabasal, intermediate, superficial) for children with gingivitis, and 2: 5: 93 (parabasal, intermediate, superficial) for children without inflammation in the periodontal tissues. Conclusions: The obtained results allowed us to conclude that in overweight children, in contrast to children with normal body weight, the number of parabasal cells decreases, and the number of superficial and intermediate cells increases.

scholarly journals Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Obese Children and Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duicu Carmen ◽  
Mărginean Cristina Oana ◽  
Pitea Ana Maria ◽  
Melit Lorena Elena
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate differences regarding 24-hour blood pressure and arterial stiffness in a cohort of office normotensive obese and non-obese children and adolescents, and to evaluate correlations of these parameters with some anthropometric indices. We retrospectively evaluated ABPM records in 71 children (42 boys); 31 obese compared with 40 normal-weight children.Results: Mean 24-hour, day-time and night-time SBP was significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group (p <0.01 during the entire period). Significantly higher AASI values were found in obese children compared to controls (0.45 vs. 0.41, p <0.05), the difference being more obvious for day-time AASI (p <0.001).Conclusions: This research confirms that SBP and AASI are increased in obese children. AASI is a useful index of arterial stiffness that can be easily measured under ambulatory circumstances in children.

scholarly journals The effects of overweight and obesity on oral health status in children and adolescents

New Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Deszczyńska ◽  
Paweł Piątkiewicz ◽  
Renata Górska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Periodontal Health

Introduction. Improper eating habits among children and adolescents often lead to overweight and obesity. Research indicates that these are risk factors for many diseases, including diseases in the oral cavity. Aim. To analyse the correlations of selected parameters of dental and periodontal health as well as oral hygiene status in overweight and obese children and adolescents versus control group. Material and methods. The study included 120 patients aged 11-18 years, who were classified into a study group with 60 overweight/obese individuals and a control group of 60 individuals with normal body weight based on BMI (Body Mass Index). Each patient underwent anthropometric measurements, such as height (cm), body weight (kg), which were used to calculate BMI. Additional measurements were taken of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), to obtain the waist-hip ratio (WHR). Clinical examination of the oral cavity included an assessment of dentition (DMF), oral hygiene API (Approximal Plaque Index) and periodontal tissue (PD ? Pocket Depth, CAL ? Clinical Attachment Level, %BOP ? % Bleeding On Probing) and CPITN (The Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs). Results. Statistically significant differences were found between patient groups with BMI ≥ 25 and BMI < 25 in the values of the following parameters: DMF p = 0.005, API p < 0.001, %BOP p < 0.001, PD p < 0.001, CPI p < 0.001. Conclusions. Overweight and obese children were found to have worse parameters of dental and periodontal health as well as oral hygiene status compared to the group with normal weight. Our observations indicate that overweight and obesity may be potential risk factors for periodontal diseases in the study group.

scholarly journals PECULIARITY PERSONALITY OF ADOLESTENTS WITH ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
O.M. Misiura ◽  
M.V. Khaitovych
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Comparative Group

Relevance. Recent changes in lifestyle and diet have led to a significant increase of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. According to the results of our previous studies, it was found that among adolescents with overweight/obesity, essential hypertension is 1,5-7,5 times more common than among peers. It is known that children and adolescents with obesity are inherent in emotional instability and impulsivity. Objective of this work was to study the personality characteristics of adolescents with essential hypertension and overweight/obesity. Materials and methods. In the Kiev Children's Clinical Hospital No. 6, a comprehensive clinical and psychological study of 67 adolescents (18 girls, 49 boys) aged 12-17 years (average of 14,40±1,63 years) was carried out, who were hospitalized for essential hypertension. Overweight was found in 7 girls and 21 boys, obesity - in 2 girls and 8 boys. The remaining patients (9 girls and 20 boys) had normal body weight (comparative group). We evaluated the level of anxiety, alexithymia, depression, the type of attitude to the disease, and also determined the personality characteristics of the patients. Results. Adolescents with essential hypertension and overweight/obesity on average differed significantly higher pulse daily blood pressure (61,98±8,13 mmHg versus 57,02±6,70; P<0,005), lower values of anxiety scales (5,11±4,77 points versus 9,62±7,72 points; P<0,01), hypochondria (5,70±5,20 points versus 9,00±5,20 points; P<0,05), neurasthenia (7,19±7,49 points versus 11,14±7,90 points; P<0,05) and egocentrism (5,70±4,44 points versus 8,57±5,08 points; P<0,05) related to TOBOL test. According to the personality test R.-B. Kettell in adolescents with overweight/obesity was on average higher level Q2 scale (6,72±2,14 points versus 4,91±2,63 points; P<0,05). Conclusion. Adolescents with essential hypertension and overweight, obesity, in contrast to patients with normal body weight, are less neurotic by the disease, but they are characterized by non-conformity.

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