Abstract 13654: Air Pollution, Environmental Greenness, and Total Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
William W Aitken ◽  
Kefeng Wang ◽  
Abraham Parrish ◽  
Diego Celli ◽  
Joanna Lombard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Introduction: Air quality is a major environmental determinant of health. Environmental greenness – a measure of vegetative presence – has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of greenness on the relationship between air pollution and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been less studied. Hypothesis: Environmental greenness is associated with reduced total CVD mortality and mediates some of the relationship between air pollution and CVD mortality. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Interactive Atlas of Heart Disease provided national CVD death rates, Environmental Protection Agency air quality measurements (particulate matter PM2.5), and Census sociodemographic information (age, race, education, and income) by county across the United States. These data were matched to mean county normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m spatial resolution data. Linear regression modeling estimated the relationship between air pollution and greenness on CVD mortality using SAS version 9.4 software. Mediation analysis of greenness on the relationship between air pollution and CVD mortality was then conducted. Results: Ambient concentration of PM2.5 ranged from 3 to 19.7 μg/m3 with a mean of 9 μg/m3 ± 1.9 μg/m3 and NDVI ranged from 0.00 to 0.80 with mean of 0.41 ± 0.13. For every 0.1-unit increase in NDVI, CVD mortality decreased by 13.2 deaths per 100,000 adults (p = 0.0001). For every 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, CVD mortality increased by 38.8 deaths per 100,000 adults (p < 0.0001). Mediation analysis suggests that NDVI is a statistically significant mediator of the PM2.5 to CVD mortality relationship, with NDVI explaining 4.3% of this relationship (p=0.0009). Conclusions: Our analysis of air quality, environmental greenness, and CVD death rates demonstrates that greenness is independently associated with reduced CVD morality and also mediates the relationship between air pollution and CVD mortality. The evidence suggests that environmental interventions to increase greenness and reduce air pollution may reduce excess cardiovascular mortality.

scholarly journals The impact of air quality on its Baidu index: grey model analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leping Tu ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Grey Correlation ◽  
Convolution Model ◽  
Grey Correlation Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract To investigate the relationship between air quality and its Baidu index, we collect the annual Baidu index of air pollution hazards, causes and responses. Grey correlation analysis, particle swarm optimization and grey multivariate convolution model are used to simulate and forecast the comprehensive air quality index. The result shows that the excessive growth of the comprehensive air quality index will lead to an increase in the corresponding Baidu index. The number of search for the causes of air quality has the closest link with the comprehensive air quality index. Strengthening the awareness of public about air pollution is conducive to the improvement of air quality. The result provides a reference for relevant departments to prevent and control air pollution.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of meteorological conditions on the amount of air pollution in Krakow

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Piaskowska-Silarska ◽  
Krzysztof Pytel ◽  
Stanisław Gumuła ◽  
Wiktor Hudy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The publication presents an assessment of the impact of meteorological conditions on air quality in a given location. The subject matter of the work is related to problem-review issues in the field of environmental protection and energy management. The publication draws attention to the fact that despite several decades of ecological monitoring of air pollution, only in recent years attention has been paid to the scale of air pollution problem. The study examined the relationship between meteorological elements (wind velocity, relative humidity on the amount of air pollution immissions. Significant impact of precipitation, atmospheric pressure and thermal braking layer was indicated. The possibilities of air quality improvement were presented based on the measurement data concerning the immission of impurities.

scholarly journals Population Aging Can Aggravate Air Pollution: Evidence from China

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hui Shi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Population, resources and environment have always attracted much attention from the society. Nowadays, pollution and population aging are urgent problems to be solved in China, and many scholars have found a strong correlation between pollution and aging. This paper constructs a KAYA model with aging variables, making an empirical analysis of the relationship between population aging and air pollution based on the panel data of 82 cities in China from 2011 to 2016. We found that population aging has a significant and positive impact on air pollution. 1% change of the population aging will lead to a 0.203% change in AQI. The deepening of China&rsquo;s aging level will lead to ineffective improvement of air quality and even lead to more serious air pollution. Then we make the further analysis of the impact mechanism of population aging on air quality, the results show that population aging could have a positive impact on air pollution by improving labor productivity, promoting technological innovation, increasing fossil energy consumption and the household consumption, and changing the structure of household consumption. At last, in order to improve the air pollution under the background of population aging, we put forward the policy recommendations according to the conclusion of this paper.

The Impact of Chronic Ozone and Particulate Air Pollution on Mortality in Patients With Sepsis Across the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1002-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barret Rush ◽  
Katie Wiskar ◽  
Clark Fruhstorfer ◽  
Leo Anthony Celi ◽  
Keith R. Walley
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Illness Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The impact of chronic exposure to air pollution on mortality in patients with sepsis is unknown. We attempted to quantify the relationship between air pollution, notably excess ozone, and particulate matter (PM), with in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis nationwide. Methods: The 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was linked with ambient air pollution data from the Environmental Protection Agency for both 8-hour ozone exposure and annual mean 2.5-micron PM (PM2.5) pollution levels. A validated severity of illness model for sepsis using administrative data was used to control for sepsis severity. Results: The records of 8 023 590 hospital admissions from the 2011 NIS sample were analyzed. Of these, there were 444 928 patients who met the Angus definition of sepsis, treated in hospitals for which air pollution data were available. The cohort had an overall mortality of 11.2%. After adjustment for severity of sepsis, increasing exposure to ozone pollution was associated with increased risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04 for each 0.01 ppm increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.05; P < .01). Particulate matter was not associated with mortality (OR: 0.99 for each 5 µg/m3 increase, 95% CI: 0.97-1.01; P = .28). When stratified by sepsis source, ozone pollution had a higher impact on patients with pneumonia (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08; P < .01) compared to those patients without pneumonia (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03; P < .01). Conclusion: Exposure to increased levels of ozone but not particulate air pollution was associated with higher risk of mortality in patients with sepsis. This association was strongest in patients with pneumonia but persisted in all sources of sepsis. Further work is needed to understand the relationship between ambient ozone air pollution and sepsis outcomes.

scholarly journals Changes in the concentration of air pollutants before and after the COVID-19 blockade period and their correlation with vegetation coverage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manguo Zhou ◽  
Yanguo Huang ◽  
Guilan Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Climatic Environment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn order to control the spread of COVID-19, China had implemented strict lockdown measures. The closure of cities had had a huge impact on human production and consumption activities, which had greatly reduced population mobility. This article used air pollutant data from 341 cities in mainland China and divided these cities into seven major regions based on geographic conditions and climatic environment. The impact of urban blockade on air quality during COVID-19 was studied from the perspectives of time, space, and season. In addition, this article used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to systematically analyze the characteristics of air pollution in the country and used the Pearson correlation coefficient to explore the relationship between NDVI and the air pollutant concentrations during the COVID-19 period. Then, linear regression was used to find the quantitative relationship between NDVI and AQI, and the fitting effect of the model was found to be significant through t test. Finally, some countermeasures were proposed based on the analysis results, and suggestions were provided for improving air quality. This paper has drawn the following conclusions: (1) the concentration of pollutants varied greatly in different regions, and the causes of their pollution sources were also different. The region with the largest decline in AQI was the Northeast China (60.01%), while the AQI in the southwest China had the smallest change range, and its value had increased by 1.72%. In addition, after the implementation of the city blockade, the concentration of NO2 in different regions dropped the most, but the increase in O3 was more obvious. (2) Higher vegetation coverage would have a beneficial impact on the atmospheric environment. Areas with higher NDVI values have relatively low AQI. There is a negative correlation between NDVI and AQI, and an average increase of 0.1 in NDVI will reduce AQI by 3.75 (95% confidence interval). In the case of less human intervention, the higher the vegetation coverage, the lower the local pollutant concentration will be. Therefore, the degree of vegetation coverage would have a direct or indirect impact on air pollution.

Assessing the Impact of Suicide Exclusion Periods on Life Insurance

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Yip ◽  
David Pitt ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xueyuan Wu ◽  
Ray Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Suicidal Death ◽  
Insured Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insurance Data ◽  
The Relationship

Background: We study the impact of suicide-exclusion periods, common in life insurance policies in Australia, on suicide and accidental death rates for life-insured individuals. If a life-insured individual dies by suicide during the period of suicide exclusion, commonly 13 months, the sum insured is not paid. Aims: We examine whether a suicide-exclusion period affects the timing of suicides. We also analyze whether accidental deaths are more prevalent during the suicide-exclusion period as life-insured individuals disguise their death by suicide. We assess the relationship between the insured sum and suicidal death rates. Methods: Crude and age-standardized rates of suicide, accidental death, and overall death, split by duration since the insured first bought their insurance policy, were computed. Results: There were significantly fewer suicides and no significant spike in the number of accidental deaths in the exclusion period for Australian life insurance data. More suicides, however, were detected for the first 2 years after the exclusion period. Higher insured sums are associated with higher rates of suicide. Conclusions: Adverse selection in Australian life insurance is exacerbated by including a suicide-exclusion period. Extension of the suicide-exclusion period to 3 years may prevent some “insurance-induced” suicides – a rationale for this conclusion is given.

scholarly journals The modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yujie Meng ◽  
Hejia Song ◽  
Ran Niu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Although exposure to air pollution has been linked to many health issues, few studies have quantified the modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China. Methods The data of daily incidence of influenza and the relevant meteorological data and air pollution data in Ningbo from 2014 to 2017 were retrieved. Low, medium and high temperature layers were stratified by the daily mean temperature with 25th and 75th percentiles. The potential modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo was investigated through analyzing the effects of air pollutants stratified by temperature stratum using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). Stratified analysis by sex and age were also conducted. Results Overall, a 10 μg/m3 increment of O3, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 could increase the incidence risk of influenza with the cumulative relative risk of 1.028 (95% CI 1.007, 1.050), 1.061 (95% CI 1.004, 1.122), 1.043 (95% CI 1.003, 1.085), and 1.118 (95% CI 1.028, 1.216), respectively. Male and aged 7–17 years were more sensitive to air pollutants. Through the temperature stratification analysis, we found that temperature could modify the impacts of air pollution on daily incidence of influenza with high temperature exacerbating the impact of air pollutants. At high temperature layer, male and the groups aged 0–6 years and 18–64 years were more sensitive to air pollution. Conclusion Temperature modified the relationship between air pollution and daily incidence of influenza and high temperature would exacerbate the effects of air pollutants in Ningbo.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Relationship Between Insomnia, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 247028972098001
Author(s):  
Rebecca Leeds ◽  
Ari Shechter ◽  
Carmela Alcantara ◽  
Brooke Aggarwal ◽  
John Usseglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sex Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have been attributed to differences in pathophysiology between men and women and to disparities in CVD management that disproportionately affect women compared to men. Similarly, there has been investigation of differences in the prevalence and presentation of insomnia attributable to sex. Few studies have examined how sex and insomnia interact to influence CVD outcomes, however. In this review, we summarize the literature on sex-specific differences in the prevalence and presentation of insomnia as well as existing research regarding the relationship between insomnia and CVD outcomes as it pertains to sex. Research to date indicate that women are more likely to have insomnia than men, and there appear to be differential associations in the relation between insomnia and CVD by sex. We posit potential mechanisms of the relationship between sex, insomnia and CVD, discuss gaps in the existing literature, and provide commentary on future research needed in this area. Unraveling the complex relations between sex, insomnia, and CVD may help to explain sex-specific differences in CVD, and identify sex-specific strategies for promotion of cardiovascular health. Throughout this review, terms “men” and “women” are used as they are in the source literature, which does not differentiate between sex and gender. The implications of this are also discussed.

scholarly journals Functional ANOVA approaches for detecting changes in air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Acal ◽  
Ana M. Aguilera ◽  
Annalina Sarra ◽  
Adelia Evangelista ◽  
Tonio Di Battista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Functional Data ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Functional Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Monitoring Stations

AbstractFaced with novel coronavirus outbreak, the most hard-hit countries adopted a lockdown strategy to contrast the spread of virus. Many studies have already documented that the COVID-19 control actions have resulted in improved air quality locally and around the world. Following these lines of research, we focus on air quality changes in the urban territory of Chieti-Pescara (Central Italy), identified as an area of criticality in terms of air pollution. Concentrations of $$\hbox {NO}_{{2}}$$ NO 2 , $$\hbox {PM}_{{10}}$$ PM 10 , $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$ PM 2.5 and benzene are used to evaluate air pollution changes in this Region. Data were measured by several monitoring stations over two specific periods: from 1st February to 10 th March 2020 (before lockdown period) and from 11st March 2020 to 18 th April 2020 (during lockdown period). The impact of lockdown on air quality is assessed through functional data analysis. Our work makes an important contribution to the analysis of variance for functional data (FANOVA). Specifically, a novel approach based on multivariate functional principal component analysis is introduced to tackle the multivariate FANOVA problem for independent measures, which is reduced to test multivariate homogeneity on the vectors of the most explicative principal components scores. Results of the present study suggest that the level of each pollutant changed during the confinement. Additionally, the differences in the mean functions of all pollutants according to the location and type of monitoring stations (background vs traffic), are ascribable to the $$\hbox {PM}_{{10}}$$ PM 10 and benzene concentrations for pre-lockdown and during-lockdown tenure, respectively. FANOVA has proven to be beneficial to monitoring the evolution of air quality in both periods of time. This can help environmental protection agencies in drawing a more holistic picture of air quality status in the area of interest.

scholarly journals The interplay between environmental exposures and COVID-19 risks in the health of children

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Sly ◽  
Brittany A. Trottier ◽  
Catherine M. Bulka ◽  
Stephania A. Cormier ◽  
Julius Fobil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background An unusual feature of SARS-Cov-2 infection and the COVID-19 pandemic is that children are less severely affected than adults. This is especially paradoxical given the epidemiological links between poor air quality and increased COVID-19 severity in adults and that children are generally more vulnerable than adults to the adverse consequences of air pollution. Objectives To identify gaps in knowledge about the factors that protect children from severe SARS-Cov-2 infection even in the face of air pollution, and to develop a transdisciplinary research strategy to address these gaps. Methods An international group of researchers interested in children’s environmental health was invited to identify knowledge gaps and to develop research questions to close these gaps. Discussion Key research questions identified include: what are the effects of SAR-Cov-2 infection during pregnancy on the developing fetus and child; what is the impact of age at infection and genetic susceptibility on disease severity; why do some children with COVID-19 infection develop toxic shock and Kawasaki-like symptoms; what are the impacts of toxic environmental exposures including poor air quality, chemical and metal exposures on innate immunity, especially in the respiratory epithelium; what is the possible role of a “dirty” environment in conveying protection – an example of the “hygiene hypothesis”; and what are the long term health effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection in early life. Conclusion A concerted research effort by a multidisciplinary team of scientists is needed to understand the links between environmental exposures, especially air pollution and COVID-19. We call for specific research funding to encourage basic and clinical research to understand if/why exposure to environmental factors is associated with more severe disease, why children appear to be protected, and how innate immune responses may be involved. Lessons learned about SARS-Cov-2 infection in our children will help us to understand and reduce disease severity in adults, the opposite of the usual scenario.

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