Abstract P171: The Intermediate Korotkoff Sounds: Variation In Sound Proportions In Different Age Groups Of Men And Women In A Healthy Adult Population

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim OBrien ◽  
Assad Mohammedzein ◽  
norma caples ◽  
Edel Cronin ◽  
Martin Walshe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Korotkoff Sound ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Measurement Cycle ◽  
Acoustic Signatures ◽  
Korotkoff Sounds

There are 5 known Korotkoff sounds which occur during a standard blood pressure (BP) measurement cycle, the first 4 (K1 to K4) having specific acoustic signatures, and the fifth (K5) occurring where sound first becomes absent. The different Korotkoff sound proportions (KSPs) are not well understood. Using bespoke acoustic analysis technology, we compared KSPs (K1P, K2P, K3P, K4P) in normotensive men and women at different ages and described the effect of normalising the cuff deflation rate (CDR) to allow 60 heart beats (CDR 60 ) versus a standard 3mmHg/s (CDR 3mmHg ). At a CDR 3mmHg , men had a higher K2P (36% vs 26%, p=0.006) and lower K3P (27% vs 38%, p=0.002) than women. K3P significantly increased with age in both men (p<0.001) and women (p<0.004). CDR 60 caused a significant drop in K2P (p<0.001) and rise in K3P (p=0.019). These differences may reflect changes in vascular stiffness which may vary with gender, age and CDR. To our knowledge, this phenomenon has never been described before and requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Evolution of the prevalence of obesity in the adult population in France, 2013–2016: the Constances study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Czernichow ◽  
Adeline Renuy ◽  
Claire Rives-Lange ◽  
Claire Carette ◽  
Guillaume Airagnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
French Population ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Point Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThis study provides trends in obesity prevalence in adults from 2013 to 2016 in France. 63,582 men and women from independent samples upon inclusion from the Constances cohort were included. Anthropometrics were measured at Health Screening Centers and obesity defined as a Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2; obesity classes according to BMI are as follows: class 1 [30–34.9]; class 2 [35–39.9]; class 3 [≥ 40 kg/m2]. Linear trends across obesity classes by sex and age groups were examined in regression models and percentage point change from 2013 to 2016 for each age category calculated. All analyses accounted for sample weights for non-response, age and sex-calibrated to the French population. Prevalence of obesity ranged from 14.2 to 15.2% and from 14 to 15.3% in women and men respectively from 2013 to 2016. Class 1 obesity category prevalence was the only one to increase significantly across survey years in both men and women (p for linear trend = 0.04 and 0.01 in women and men respectively). The only significant increase for obesity was observed in the age group 18–29 y in both women and men (+ 2.71% and + 3.26% point increase respectively, equivalent to an approximate rise of 50% in women and 93% in men, p = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). After adjustment for survey non-response and for age and sex distribution, the results show that class 1 obesity prevalence has significantly increased in both women and men from 2013 to 2016, and only in young adults in a representative sample of the French population aged 18–69 years old.

Age analysis of the population mortality from diabetes mellitus in the Tula region

10.12737/5613 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Макишева ◽  
R. Makisheva ◽  
Хромушин ◽  
Viktor Khromushin ◽  
Хадарцев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Cohort

The article analyzes 182897 deaths of the adult population of the Tula region from the mortality register from 2007 to 2013 by age cohorts 15-19; 20-24; 25-34; 35-44; 45-54; 55-64; 65-74; &#62;=75, of which 4882 case of death from diabetes. The increasing incidence of diseases of the endocrine system, disorders of nutrition and metabolism is identified and is accordingly 63,7; 66,5; 68,4; 68,3; 69,4; 71,0 per 1000 population. The mortality rate in the Tula region in 2012 from diabetes was 59,86 per 100000 population. The analysis of mortality shows that the ratio of women to men for the period from 2007 to 2013 increases with increasing age in a power-law dependence from 0,6 to 4,49. In the age cohort 45-54 men and women, there is a decrease in the number of cases. The initial increase and the subsequent significant decline in the number of cases have a place for men in this cohort. For women, the mortality rate decreases with larger slope than for men. The dynamics of the mortality of men and women in the cohort 55-64 is characterized by an increase in the number of cases in 2007-2010 and the decrease in 2011-2013. In this cohort, the mortality rate among men increased (except 2013), and the mortality rate of the female population varies only slightly. Mortality of women, men, and for men and women in the cohort 65-74 years decreases, and in the cohort of 75 and over increased. Positive aspects of age analysis is the transfer of deaths from age groups 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 in a cohort of older ages 75 years or more. Negative aspects of age analysis is the increased mortality of the male population in the cohort 55-64 in 2007- 2012, men and women of this cohort in 2007 - 2010 years, as well as the high mortality of the female population from diabetes, compared with the male population of the Tula region.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypotension in populations of the Russian Federation and the United States of America according to 30-year follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
V. G. Vilkov ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
Yu. A. Balanova ◽  
S. E. Evstifeeva ◽  
A. E. Imaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Aim. To study the prevalence of hypotension according to several criteria in the Russia and the USA.Material and methods. We used data of Russian population studies performed in 1975-1982 and ESSE-RF study performed in 2012-2014 at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. A comparison was made with the data of cross-sectional stu - dies of the US population — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): NHANES II (1976-1980) and Continuous NHANES (2007-2012). We analyzed age, sex, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The prevalence of individuals with hypotension was calculated in men and women of five age groups using four different criteria for hypertension.Results. The prevalence of hypotension in studies of different years according to different criteria was as follows: in the Russia — 0,3-9,0% in men and 2-15% in women; in the USA — 5-30% in men and 8-45% in women. In age group >30 years, the prevalence of hypotension in Russia, by most criteria, decreased approximately by 50% in men and did not change in women. In the United States, according to all criteria, the prevalence in men and women has increased 2-3 times.Conclusion. The prevalence of hypotension in the adult population ranges from decimal percentages to 45% and varies many times depending on the selected criterion.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diabetes in the adult population of Novosibirsk

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Mustafina ◽  
Oksana D. Rymar ◽  
Sofiya K. Malyutina ◽  
Diana V. Denisova ◽  
Liliya V. Shcherbakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

Aims. To estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different age groups of the adult population of Novosibirsk, according to epidemiological studies in 20032005 and 20132016. Methods. We examined a representative population sample (assessed in 20032005) of men and women aged 4569 years in two administrative districts of Novosibirsk, as a part of the international HAPIEE project. According to the tables of random numbers, representative samples of men and women aged 4569 years were formed, to which letters were sent, inviting them to pass for examination. During 20132016, a second population survey was conducted on a random representative sample of a population of 2544-year-olds of both sexes. Participants were residents of one of the districts of Novosibirsk. T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (diabetes: FPG 7.0 mmol/l; IFG: FPG 6.16.9 mmol/l). Results. The prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 4569 years was 11.3%, and overall, no significant difference in prevalence was found between females and males (11.3% vs. 11.0%). However, the overall prevalence of T2DM among residents aged 2544 years was 2.2%, and prevalence was higher in men (3.5%) than in women (1.1%), p 0.05. High prevalence of IFG was found in the 4569 age group (18.2%, in 20032005), and in the younger age group of 2544 years (21.6%, in 20132016). The high rate among young individuals is particularly alarming. Less than one half (4.8 out of 11.3%) of participants aged 4569 tested positive for T2DM, and only one in the age group 2544 years knew he/she had diabetes. This indicates a lack of knowledge among Siberians about their problem with diabetes. Conclusion. Approximately one in five adults had IFG. Among the adult population aged 4569 (in 20032005), 18.2% had IFG and 11.3% had T2DM. In individuals aged 2544 years in 20132016, IFG was observed in 21.6%, and 2.2% had T2DM (p0.05).

scholarly journals Severity and prevalence of various types of mental ill-health in a general adult population: Age and sex differences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Höglund ◽  
Camilla Hakelind ◽  
Steven Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Broad Approach

Abstract Purpose Taking a broad approach, the aim of this study was to better understand the extent of severity and prevalence in various types of mental ill-health across age groups and sexes in the general adult population. A first objective was to determine symptom severity of anxiety, depression, insomnia, burnout and somatization in combinations of different age groups and sex. A second objective was to determine prevalence of caseness of these types of mental ill-health in both absolute and relative terms in the combinations of age groups and sex. Methods: Cross-sectional data were used from the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study in Sweden. In total 3406 participants, aged 18 to 79 years, constituted a random sample stratified for age and sex.Results The results show that severity and prevalence of anxiety, insomnia and burnout were high among women, in particular young women, but decreased with age. Men aged 30-49 years had the highest prevalence for mental ill-health compared to other age groups among men. Men and women aged 60-69 years had generally the lowest symptom severity and caseness. In contrast to many other studies the prevalence for depression shows a similarity between men and women in all age groups. The sex-related differences in extent were generally largest in the youngest age group, and gradually decreased with age.Conclusion As mental ill-health starts early in life, interventions aimed at early detection and treatment are necessary to reduce the severity and prevalence of common types of mental ill-health in society.

scholarly journals Severity and prevalence of various types of mental ill-health in a general adult population: Age and sex differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Höglund ◽  
Camilla Hakelind ◽  
Steven Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Taking a broad approach, the aim of this study was to better understand the extent of severity and prevalence in various types of mental ill-health across age groups and sexes in the general adult population. A first objective was to determine symptom severity of anxiety, depression, insomnia, burnout and somatization in combinations of different age groups and sex. A second objective was to determine prevalence of caseness of these types of mental ill-health in both absolute and relative terms in the combinations of age groups and sex. Methods Cross-sectional data based on validated questionnaire instruments were used from the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study in Sweden. In total, 3406 participants, aged 18 to 79 years, constituted a random sample stratified for age and sex. Results Severity and prevalence of anxiety, insomnia and burnout were high among women, in particular young women, and lower in older age groups. The prevalence rates for insomnia, burnout and somatization were particularly high based on the used cut-off scores. Men aged 30-49 years had the highest prevalence for mental ill-health compared to other age groups among men. Men and women aged 60-69 years had generally the lowest symptom severity and caseness. The prevalence for depression was similar in men and women in all age groups, whereas sex-related differences in extent in general were largest in the youngest age group, and gradually decreased with age. Conclusion The results suggest that focus in primary healthcare needs to be directed primarily towards insomnia, burnout and somatization as well as on young women.

scholarly journals Herd immunity is not a realistic exit strategy during a COVID-19 outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Slot ◽  
Boris M. Hogema ◽  
Chantal B.E.M. Reusken ◽  
Johan H. Reimerink ◽  
Michel Molier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Exit Strategy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Affected Country

Abstract The world is combating an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic1-4. Health-care systems, society and the economy are impacted in an unprecedented way. It is unclear how many people have contracted the causative coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) unknowingly. Therefore, reported COVID-19 cases do not reflect the true scale of outbreak5-9. Natural herd immunity has been suggested as a potential exit strategy during COVID-19 outbreaks, which may arise when 50-67% of a community has been infected10. Here we present the prevalence and distribution of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a healthy adult population of a highly affected country using a novel immunoassay, indicating that one month into the outbreak (i) the seroprevalence in the Netherlands is 2.7% with substantial regional variation, (ii) the hardest-hit areas show a seroprevalence of up to 9.5%, (iii) the seroprevalence is sex-independent throughout age groups (18-72 years), (iv) antibodies are significantly more often detected in younger people (18-30 years), and (v) the number of immune individuals in the current epidemic stage is far below the herd immunity threshold. This study provides vital information on the extent of virus spread in a country where social distancing is in place, concluding that herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is not a realistic short-term exit strategy option.

scholarly journals Severity and prevalence of various types of mental ill-health in a general adult population: Age and sex differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Höglund ◽  
Camilla Hakelind ◽  
Steven Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Taking a broad approach, the aim of this study was to better understand the extent of severity and prevalence in various types of mental ill-health across age groups and sexes in the general adult population. A first objective was to determine symptom severity of anxiety, depression, insomnia, burnout and somatization in combinations of different age groups and sex. A second objective was to determine prevalence of caseness of these types of mental ill-health in both absolute and relative terms in the combinations of age groups and sex. Methods Cross-sectional data based on validated questionnaire instruments were used from the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study in Sweden. In total, 3406 participants, aged 18 to 79 years, constituted a random sample stratified for age and sex. Results Severity and prevalence of anxiety, insomnia and burnout were high among women, in particular young women, and lower in older age groups. The prevalence rates for insomnia, burnout and somatization were particularly high based on the used cut-off scores. Men aged 30-49 years had the highest prevalence for mental ill-health compared to other age groups among men. Men and women aged 60-69 years had generally the lowest symptom severity and caseness. The prevalence for depression was similar in men and women in all age groups, whereas sex-related differences in extent in general were largest in the youngest age group, and gradually decreased with age. Conclusion The results suggest that focus in primary healthcare needs to be directed primarily towards insomnia, burnout and somatization as well as on young women.

An acoustical analysis of the merger of /ɲ/ and /nj/ in Buenos Aires Spanish

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Bongiovanni
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Acoustical Analysis

Buenos Aires Spanish (BAS) is well known for the sound change that led the palatal obstruent to become a post-alveolar fricative. However, that obstruent is not the only palatal phoneme undergoing sound change in BAS. The present study investigates the production of /ɲ/ and /nj/ in BAS, which have been reported as merging (Malmberg 1950). Previous research suggests that some speakers produce a ‘traditional’ (alveolo)palatal nasal, while other speakers realize /ɲ/ with two distinct non-simultaneous constrictions: alveolar/postalveolar and palatal (Kochetov & Colantoni 2011). An acoustic analysis is based on the speech of 33 speakers (15 males, 17 females; from four age groups: 15–19 years old, 20–29 years, 30–45 years and 45+ years) and was obtained by measuring duration and formant contours in the tautosyllabic vocalic portion. Results reveal that /ɲ/ and /nj/ are not fully merged, as some speakers produce differences. Specifically, the results indicate that production differences between men and women disappear as age decreases, with female speakers being more innovative. Findings provide evidence that the sound change is still progressing and probably nearing completion, and show that the palatal system in BAS is losing the (alveolo)palatal nasal.

scholarly journals Low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in blood donors in the early COVID-19 epidemic in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Slot ◽  
Boris M. Hogema ◽  
Chantal B. E. M. Reusken ◽  
Johan H. Reimerink ◽  
Michel Molier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Affected Country

AbstractThe world is combating an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic with health-care systems, society and economies impacted in an unprecedented way. It is unclear how many people have contracted the causative coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) unknowingly and are asymptomatic. Therefore, reported COVID-19 cases do not reflect the true scale of outbreak. Here we present the prevalence and distribution of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a healthy adult population of the Netherlands, which is a highly affected country, using a high-performance immunoassay. Our results indicate that one month into the outbreak (i) the seroprevalence in the Netherlands was 2.7% with substantial regional variation, (ii) the hardest-hit areas showed a seroprevalence of up to 9.5%, (iii) the seroprevalence was sex-independent throughout age groups (18–72 years), and (iv) antibodies were significantly more often present in younger people (18–30 years). Our study provides vital information on the extent of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a country where social distancing is in place.

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