scholarly journals New Technologies & Strategic Stability

Daedalus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-170
Author(s):  
Christopher F. Chyba
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Strategic Stability ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
And Diffusion

A variety of new technologies, ranging from broad enabling technologies to specific weapon systems, may threaten or enhance strategic stability. In this essay, I analyze a technology's potential to significantly affect stability along three axes: the pace of advances in, and diffusion of, this technology; the technology's implications for deterrence and defense; and the technology's potential for direct impact on crisis decision-making. I apply this framework to examples including hypersonic weapons, antisatellite weapons, artificial intelligence, and persistent overhead monitoring. Formal arms control to contain dangers posed by some of these seems technically possible, though currently politically difficult to achieve. Others, particularly enabling technologies, resist arms control based on effective verification. The major powers will therefore instead have to find other ways to cope with these technologies and their implications. These options should include exchanges with potential adversaries so that pathways to nuclear escalation, and possible mitigating steps, can be identified and discussed.

Enforced Transparency: A Solution to Autonomous Weapons as Potentially Uncontrollable Weapons Similar to Bioweapons

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-236
Author(s):  
Armin Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Strategic Stability ◽  
Autonomous Weapons ◽  
Biological Weapons Convention

This chapter argues that in many respects the regulation of Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) presents a similar challenge to arms control as biological weapons do and that many lessons learned from the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) could be applied to the control of AWS. AWS that utilize “deep learning” are potentially unpredictable and uncontrollable weapons. International regulation efforts for AWS should focus on the development of safety and design standards for artificial intelligence (AI), should put in place confidence-building measures for enhancing transparency and trust in AI R&D and related applications, and should aim for a ban of offensive AWS. Enforced international transparency in the development of AI could make AI better and safer, including in a military context, which would improve strategic stability.

New Military Technologies: Dangers for International Security and Peace

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Jürgen Altmann
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
International Security ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cyber War

New military technologies are being developed at a high pace, with the USA in the lead. Intended application areas are space weapons and ballistic missile defence, hypersonic missiles, autonomous weapon systems, and cyber war. Generic technologies include artificial intelligence, additive manufacturing, synthetic biology and gene editing, and soldier enhancement. Problems for international security and peace - arms races and destabilisation - will likely result from properties shared by several technologies: wider availability, easier access, smaller systems; shorter times for attack, warning and decisions; and conventional-nuclear entanglement. Preventive arms control is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Machine Learning for the Improvement of Deep Renovation Building Projects Using As-Built BIM Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6576
Author(s):  
Sofía Mulero-Palencia ◽  
Sonia Álvarez-Díaz ◽  
Manuel Andrés-Chicote
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnosis Tool

In recent years, new technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence, are emerging to improve decision making based on learning. Their use applied to the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector, together with the increased use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology in all phases of a building’s life cycle, is opening up a wide range of opportunities in the sector. At the same time, the need to reduce CO2 emissions in cities is focusing on the energy renovation of existing buildings, thus tackling one of the main causes of these emissions. This paper shows the potentials, constraints and viable solutions of the use of Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence approaches at the design stage of deep renovation building projects using As-Built BIM models as input to improve the decision-making process towards the uptake of energy efficiency measures. First, existing databases on buildings pathologies have been studied. Second, a Machine Learning based algorithm has been designed as a prototype diagnosis tool. It determines the critical areas to be solved through deep renovation projects by analysing BIM data according to the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC4) standard and proposing the most convenient renovation alternative (based on a catalogue of Energy Conservation Measures). Finally, the proposed diagnosis tool has been applied to a reference test building for different locations. The comparison shows how significant differences appear in the results depending on the situation of the building and the regulatory requirements to which it must be subjected.

scholarly journals New Technologies and Decision-Making for the Military

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard de Boisboissel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Military Action ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
Global Meaning ◽  
Action Taking ◽  
The Military

This chapter aims at reviewing the concept of decision-making on the battlefield for military leaders. Thus, it intends to address the changes implied by the use of new technologies (such as Robots, AI) that will gradually invade the battlefield. The leader of tomorrow will have to quickly manage remote information and keep control of high performance automated systems integrating a certain form of autonomy, including lethal autonomous weapon systems. He must ensure that a global meaning is given to the military action taking place on the battlefield. He has to be able to command to achieve his goals.

The Impact of FinTech on Financial Services in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Gagan Kukreja ◽  
Divij Bahl ◽  
Ruchika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
The Impact

Fintech is a new buzz word in the fourth industrial revolution environment. No financial services across the globe are left unaffected by the new technologies. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, and data analytics have immensely influenced many aspects of financial services such as deposits, transactions, billings, remittances, credits (B2B and P2P), underwriting, insurance, and so on. Fintech companies are enabling larger financial inclusion, improvement of lives of humans, better decision-making, and lots more. This chapter covers the development, opportunities, and challenges of financial sectors because of new technologies in India. This chapter throws the light on opportunities that emerged because of demographic dividend, high penetration, and access to the latest and affordable technology, affordable cost of smartphones, and government policies such as Digital India, Startup India, Make in India, and so on. Lastly, this chapter portrays the untapped potentials of Fintech in India.

scholarly journals A Study on Command and Control Through Cyber Protection Function Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-544
Author(s):  
Seho Choi ◽  
Haengrok Oh ◽  
Joobeom Yun
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cyber Kill Chain

Cyber threats can bypass existing cyber-protection systems and are rapidly developing by exploiting new technologies such as artificial intelligence. In order to respond to such cyber threats, it is important to improve the ability to detect unknown cyber threats by correlating heterogeneous cyber protection systems. In this paper, to enhance cyber-attack response capabilities, we proposed command and control that enables rapid decision-making and response before the attack objectives are achieved, using Lockheed Martin's cyber kill chain and MITRE ATT&CK to analyze the purpose and intention of the attacker.

scholarly journals El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en el proceso penal

2020 ◽  
pp. 695-728
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Muñoz Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías ◽  
Digital Nature ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

En el presente trabajo analizamos cómo el avance la denominada inteligencia artificial ha supuesto el desarrollo de una serie de nuevas tecnologías que están incidiendo de manera directa en nuestro Sistema de Justicia. Partiendo de esta base, examinamos los diferentes sistemas de inteligencia artificial que operan en la actualidad en el mundo jurídico. Nos referimos a la predicción judicial y al uso de herramientas como Ross Intelligence –utilizada en los despachos de abogados–, Compas –capaz de predecir el posible nivel de reincidencia de un sujeto– o Prometea –utilizada para la resolución de casos de cierta complejidad–. El uso de estas tecnologías trae consigo la necesidad de adoptar un sistema compatible con los Derechos Fundamentales de los ciudadanos afectados, incluyendo aspectos como la protección de datos, la protección de la privacidad y la no discriminación. Por otro lado, nos ocupamos de la revolución que ha supuesto en el proceso penal la aplicación de medidas de investigación tecnológica como la intervención de las comunicaciones telemáticas, la videovigilancia o la grabación de comunicaciones, así como el aumento de las fuentes de prueba de naturaleza digital –mediante la aplicación Whatsapp– y el uso de la videoconferencia. The present study analyses how the advance of the so-called artificial intelligence has meant the development of a series of new technologies that are having a direct impact on our Justice System. On this basis, we examine the various artificial intelligence systems currently operating in the legal world. We refer to judicial prediction and the use of tools such as Ross Intelligence -used in law firms-, Compas -capable of predicting the possible level of recidivism of a subject- or Prometea -used for the resolution of cases that have a certain complexity. The use of these technologies brings with it the need to adopt a system compatible with the Fundamental Rights of the citizens concerned, including aspects such as data protection, privacy protection and non-discrimination. On the other hand, we deal with the revolution that the application of technological research measures such as the intervention of telematic communications has brought about in the criminal process, video surveillance or communication recording, as well as the increase of test sources of a digital nature -through Whatsapp- and the use of viodeconferencing.

scholarly journals Global technological trends in the field of weapons and military equipment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Pysarenko ◽  
◽  
T. K. Kvasha
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
The Future ◽  
Military Innovations ◽  
The Military

Technology is the fundamental factor of social change, offering new opportunities for the production, storage and dissemination of knowledge. This is especially true in the military sphere, because progress in military technology can have both positive and negative consequences: improved capabilities for measures to mobilize and use force, or more powerful capabilities for cause harm and destruction. Current innovations in artificial intelligence, robotics, autonomous systems, space technology, 3D printing, biotechnology, materials science and quantum computing will bring unprecedented transformations. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming the "defining technology of the future", both in everyday life and in the military sphere. For developing a military potential suitable for the geostrategic challenges of the present and the future, it is important to navigate military innovations and new technologies, which is what this work is devoted to. Based on the analysis of publications of the international analytical and consulting organizations, foreign governments, NATO, SIPRI, the Munich Security Conference, the EU the latest forecasts for the introduction and adaptation of new technologies and methods originating from the civilian sector into military programs were presented. In particular, this applies to technologies of the fourth industrial revolution - artificial intelligence, robotics, autonomy, cybersecurity, etc., as well as space, nuclear technologies, technologies of new materials, biotechnologies - for military transformation. The future of military success will now belong to those who design, build and use combinations of information technology with existing technology and military capabilities to form a new combat force - smart, interconnected, distributed and digital. This change manifests itself in new forms of war - hyper war, memetic war, cyberspace war. The future scientific and technological landscape in the military sphere will be characterized (and at the same time guided) by the following: - Intelligence: built-in artificial intelligence, advanced analytics and decision-making capabilities across the entire technology spectrum. - Autonomy: autonomous systems with artificial intelligence that are capable of up to a certain level of autonomous decision-making. Such autonomous systems can be robotic, platform-based, or (digital) agents. - Humanistic intelligence: seamless integration of psycho-socio-technological systems supporting human and machine connectivity, as well as synergistic behaviour. - Interconnection: overlay of real and virtual domains, including sensors, organizations, institutions, individuals, autonomous agents and processes.

DEVELOPMENT OF VALUATION METHOD OF THE STATUS OF BASE STATIONS FOR DETERMINING THE NEED OF THEIR UPGRADING

2017 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Natalya Ivanovna Shaposhnikova ◽  
Alexander Aleksandrovich Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
Telecommunications Services ◽  
Theory Of Fuzzy Sets

The article consideres the problems of determining the need to modernize the base stations of the cellular network based on the mathematical apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets. To improve the quality of telecommunications services the operators should send significant funding for upgrading the equipment of base stations. Modernization can improve and extend the functions of base stations to provide cellular communication, increase the reliability of the base station in operation and the functionality of its individual elements, and reduce the cost of maintenance and repair when working on a cellular network. The complexity in collecting information about the equipment condition is determined by a large number of factors that affect its operation, as well as the imperfection of obtaining and processing the information received. For a comprehensive assessment of the need for modernization, it is necessary to take into account a number of indicators. In the structure of indicators of the need for modernization, there were introduced the parameters reflecting both the degree of aging and obsolescence(the technical gap and the backlog in connection with the emergence of new technologies and standards). In the process of a problem solving, the basic stages of decision-making on modernization have been allocated. Decision-making on the need for modernization is based not only on measuring information that takes into account the decision-makers, but also on linguistic and verbal information. Therefore, to determine the need for upgrading the base stations, the theory of fuzzy sets is used, with the help of which experts can be attracted to this issue. They will be able to formulate additional fuzzy judgments that help to take into account not only measuring characteristics, but also poorly formalized fuzzy information. To do this, the main indicators of the modernization need have been defined, and fuzzy estimates of the need for modernization for all indicators and a set of indicators reflecting the need for upgrading the base stations have been formulated.

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