LEXICAL ANALYSIS OF STATEMENTS ABOUT COVID-19 OF PEOPLE WITH A HIGH LEVEL OF SOMATIZATION

Relevance. One of the negative consequences of the pandemic may be an increase in somatization. The analysis of statements about the pandemic makes it possible to identify peculiarities of attitude to the situation by people with different psychological problems. The aim of the study was the identification of implicit characteristics of texts indicating the peculiarities of the opinion about the situation by people with a high level of somatization. Materials and methods. The material was obtained in the online survey (03/23/2020 — 01/29/2021, 1188 people). The survey included an assessment of respondents’ condition, it was offered to express an opinion about what was happening in a free form. Used: SCL-90-R, COPE, Constructive Thinking Inventory (CTI). The statements about the pandemic were divided into the two text arrays — “high somatization” and “low somatization”. The frequency of occurrence of vocabulary in these text arrays was estimated. Results. The analysis showed an increase in somatization as the pandemic developed. The relationship between somatization and anxiety, sleep disturbances, and depression was revealed. Higher rates of somatization are associated with a decrease in emotional coping, an increase in categorical thinking and personal superstitious thinking. The connection between somatization and a number of non-constructive copings is shown. Lexical analysis showed a number of features of texts associated with high somatization, among them the number of pronouns of the first person, a decrease in the tonality of words, a vocabulary of suffering, negative, a decrease in the vocabulary of motivation and resistance, a decrease in vocabulary associated with the body. Conclusions. The lexical features of statements, typical for respondents with a high level of somatization, were revealed. The connection between somatization and high emotional distress, which manifests itself in negative emotional vocabulary and is associated with a low level of emotional coping, is shown. In the group with high somatization, a contradiction was revealed in the needs and methods of their implementation — the need for help from others is combined with concentration on the self. The “representation” of the pandemic, presented in the text, is “divorced” from somatic manifestations, fear of illness and death. With this “splitting” of mental and somatic functioning, the somatization can perform the function of emotional coping.

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Features of the relationship between cardiointervalographic indices and constitutional characteristics in highly skilled mesomorphic somatotype wrestlers

Reports of Morphology ◽

10.31393/morphology-journal-2019-25(4)-07 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

A.V. Syvak ◽

L.A. Sarafyniuk ◽

P.V. Sarafyniuk ◽

L.I. Pilhanchuk ◽

N.O. Sorokina

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Heart Rhythm ◽

Component Composition ◽

The Body ◽

External Structure ◽

Highly Skilled ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship

Mechanisms of regulation of cardiac rhythm have many individual features, which are conditioned by age, sex, training of the organism, strength and nature of external influence, constitutional features of the organism. The purpose of the work is to determine the relationship between cardiointervalographic indices and parameters of the external structure of the body in highly skilled wrestlers of the mesomorphic somatotype. The study involved 24 wrestlers between the ages of 17 and 21 with a high level of sportsmanship and more than 3 years of experience. All of the wrestlers were of medium weight and engaged in free and Greco-Roman wrestling. We conducted a study of heart rate variability on the cardiac computer diagnostic complex “OPTW” following the recommendations of the European and North American Cardiac Association (1996). The indices of vegetative homeostasis according to Bayevsky, variational heart rate, statistical and spectral cardiointervalographic indicators were determined. Anthropometry was performed according to the method of V.V. Bunak (1941), somatotypological study – by the calculated modification of the Heath-Carter method (1990), determination of the component composition of body weight by the method of Matejko (1992). In the package “STATISTICA 5.5” correlation analysis was performed using the nonparametric Spearman statistical method. It was found that in the wrestlers of the mesomorphic somatotype, the variations of the pulsometry had the highest number and strength of reliable correlations with constitutional parameters, most of which were inverse of the mean force. All statistical indicators of heart rate variability with indicators of the external structure of the body had only inverse significant correlations. The least significant correlations were found for spectral indices and parameters of vegetative homeostasis. According to the results of the correlation analysis in the wrestlers of the mesomorphic somatotype, we can assume that with the increase of total, longitudinal, circumferential, transverse body sizes and muscle and bone mass, the variability of the heart rhythm of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system will be more pronounced.

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Role of Principal in Promoting Teachers Unity: Evaluation in Malaysian Secondary Schools

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.47836/pjssh.29.s1.21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Bity Salwana Alias ◽

Zaida Nor Zainuddin ◽

Mohd Radzi Ishak ◽

Azlin Norhaini Mansor

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Survey Design ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Body ◽

Principal's Role ◽

Role Of Principal ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship

The inability of teachers to accept cultural, linguistic, and religious differences caused by racial differences can have a negative impact on unity. The literature suggests that principals can play a role in addressing this issue. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the principal’s role in promoting teachers’ unity and to determine the relationship between the principal’s role and teachers’ unity. This study is a survey design and a quantitative method was used to collect data from 578 teachers in a population of 236,748 teachers in secondary school. The data collected was analyzed descriptively to produce mean value and standard deviation, therefore the level of principals’ role in promoting unity and the level of teachers’ unity can be interpreted. Inference analysis by Pearson correlation was done to determine r-value, therefore the hypotheses on the relationship between the two variables were tested. Overall, principals’ role attained a high level in promoting unity with a mean score of 3.85, whereas the teachers’ unity level was also at a high level with a mean score of 4.37. The result also shows that there was a positive relationship between the two variables but at a weak level with r = 0.20. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge that principals’ role in promoting unity has had an impact on the teachers’ unity level. This finding also shows that the Malaysian Education System Aspiration focusing on promoting unity is relevant and should be continuously implemented. Apart from having theories implication, the findings bear positive input for principals’ training, and also provide input for the teaching fraternity to be more respectful towards each other’s differences, thereby avoiding racism and discrimination amongst them.

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From patriotism to political totalitarianism: the role of collective narcissism

National Psychological Journal ◽

10.11621/npj.2020.0404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 48-60

Author(s):

Dmitry S. Grigoryev

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Private Life ◽

Motivational Orientation ◽

Right Wing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship

Background. Patriotic education is carried out in many countries, being an integral part of the process of socialization of the younger generation. At the same time, patriotism is often used by autocracies to maintain power and total state control over all aspects of public and private life. What is the socio-psychological aspect of this possible transformation? Objective. The aim of the study was to test the model of the relationship between patriotism, nationalism, rightwing authoritarianism and political totalitarianism, as well as to examine the role of collective narcissism in these relationships. We hypothesized that patriotism is not directly related to totalitarianism, this connection is mediated by nationalism and right-wing authoritarianism, while patriotism and nationalism are connected only under the condition of a high level of collective narcissism (i.e., collective narcissism demonstrates the effect of moderation). Design. The study of the role of collective narcissism in the relationship between patriotism, nationalism, rightwing authoritarianism and political totalitarianism was carried out in 2018 on a gender-balanced sample of residents of Russia (N — 232) aged 16 to 61 (M — 28.5; SD — 10.2). Reliable and valid tools were used for measurements: cultural patriotism and nationalism (Grigoryan 2013; Grigoryan, Lepshokova, 2012), collective narcissism (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009), right-wing authoritarianism (Bizumic, Duckitt, 2018). A cross-sectional single-sample correlation design was applied using data from a socio-psychological survey. The data was collected in 2018 through an online survey conducted by an independent commercial research company as a result of a survey of their own panel of respondents. The survey was conducted using various Likert scales. All scales that had not previously been translated into Russian were adapted by double translation and cognitive interviews using the “think-aloud” technique (Batkhina, Grigoryev, 2019). Results. The hypotheses that were put forward were confirmed. It was found that (1) patriotism is not directly related to totalitarianism: nationalism and authoritarianism mediated the relationship between patriotism and totalitarianism, and nationalism mediated the relationship between patriotism and authoritarianism; (2) patriotism is positively associated with nationalism only if the level of collective narcissism is high; (3) nationalism is positively associated with authoritarianism and totalitarianism, and authoritarianism with totalitarianism. Conclusions. Collective narcissism may reflect the process of compensating for low self-esteem and lack of control over their lives in people, and generate belief in an exalted image of the in-group and its right to special recognition. Subsequently, this helps to use patriotism as a basis for supporting political totalitarianism. Nationalism and authoritarianism can carry an instrumental function in this process acting as certain strategies for the implementation of the motivational orientation set by collective narcissism.

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Interaction Effects of Religiosity Level on the Relationship between Religion and Willingness to Donate Organs

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel10010008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Sung Yoon

Keyword(s):

Organ Donation ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

The Body ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Willingness To Donate ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship

This study aims to investigate the interaction effect of religiosity level on the relationship between religion and willingness to donate organs. Prior studies have suggested that a high level of religiosity indicates a high level of willingness to donate organs. However, these previous works ignore the interaction effect of the level of religiosity and the doctrinal characteristics of each religion regarding one’s own body preservation. Organ donation is an act of transplanting part of one’s own body after death to another person and is influenced by the viewpoint of the post-mortem world and the attitude toward the preservation of the body. Therefore, this study analyzes the effects of religious characteristics and belief levels on the relationship between religion and organ donation. Results show that Christianity, such as Catholicism and Protestantism, positively affects the willingness to donate organs as compared with Buddhism. Religiosity level also exerts an interaction effect that strengthens the relationship between Christianity and willingness to donate organs.

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The Significance of Differences in Melanocortin 3 Levels and their Relationship with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Body Mass Index

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (A) ◽

pp. 583-588

Author(s):

Andi Tenriola ◽

Najdah Hidayah ◽

Subair Subair ◽

Muhammad Nasrum Massi ◽

Irda Handayani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

The Body ◽

Age Group ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Household Contacts ◽

Overweight Group ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Melanocortin 3 Receptors (MC3R) levels plays a role in many biological systems, including energy homeostasis and regulation of fat metabolism. However, very few have researched the relationship between MC3R and tuberculosis (TB) and body mass index. AIM: This study explores the differences in serum MC3R levels in active TB, household contacts, and control groups, as well as at different body mass index status. This study tries to find out the relationship between MC3R and other variables. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Blood samples were taken from 53 active TB patients, 49 household contacts, and 30 healthy people as controls. The 132 samples were subjected to IGRA and ELISA examinations to determine differences in MC3R levels in all groups. RESULTS: The highest mean of MC3R levels were found in the active TB group at 1.259.55 (p = 0.028) and had a positive correlation with a value of p = 0.008. In the sex group, men had the highest levels (p = 0.551). In the 30–49 year age group, the median value increased significantly in the three groups (p = 0.028), and there was a correlation between MC3R and the 17–29 year age group, although the correlation was negative (p = 0.021), in the 30–49 year age group with a positive correlation (p = 0.050). The mean MC3R value increased significantly in the overweight group in the three groups (p = 0.006) but did not significantly correlate. CONCLUSION: The high level of MC3R in TB patients is related to its role as a defence against microbes that enter the body through the immune process to prevent further infection and inflammation. Meanwhile, high levels of MC3R in excess Body mass index were associated with the function of MC3R as an inhibitor of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons to release α-MSH.

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Predictiveness of Covid-19 Anxiety and Emotion Regulation on Sleep Quality: The Moderator Effect of Gender

International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies ◽

10.52380/ijpes.2021.8.4.586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 45-56

Author(s):

İsmail YELPAZE

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Online Survey ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

The Body ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Moderator Effect ◽

The Relationship ◽

Good Sleep

Prior research indicates that anxiety and emotion regulation are related to sleep quality. This study extends the body of research by investigating how people in different gender groups are affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) anxiety and emotion regulation in terms of sleep quality. The present study examined gender as a potential moderating variable on the associations of Covid-19 anxiety and emotion regulation with sleep quality. University students were recruited via e-mail to participate in a brief online survey. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fear of COVID-19, and Emotion Management Skills Scale. The current study used SPSS PROCESS, an SPSS macro developed by Hayes. Results indicated that Covid-19 anxiety was related to poor sleep quality and emotion regulation was related to good sleep quality. Gender was a significant moderator for the relationship between Covid-19 anxiety and sleep quality, but not emotion regulation and sleep quality. The female gender presented a positive association between Covid-19 anxiety and poor sleep quality in comparison to the male gender. The relationship between emotion regulation and good sleep quality was found to be significant and positive for both genders. In the pandemic, Covid-19 anxiety should be reduced and people should have skills to manage their emotions. Otherwise, they will experience serious sleep problems.

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Dynamics of Psychological Reactions at the Start of the Pandemic of COVID-19

Psychological-Educational Studies ◽

10.17759/psyedu.2020120207 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 108-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.N. Enikolopov ◽

O.M. Boyko ◽

T.I. Medvedeva ◽

O.U. Vorontsova ◽

O.Yu. Kazmina

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

The Internet ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Constructive Thinking ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Psychological Reactions ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽

Psychopathological Symptoms ◽

Wide Range

The goal of the work is to study the dynamics of psychological changes unfolding during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper presents an analysis of the responses to the survey on the Internet, received from 03.22.2020 to 04.04.2020, when the spread of COVID-19 begins in Russia. The study was conducted on the Internet using Google Forms. Links to the survey were posted on social networks. The survey involved 430 people, including 188 people in Moscow, and the answers were divided into 3 groups with respect to the date when they were received: March 23–24 (79 people), March 29–30 (46 people), March 31–April 4 (63 people). The survey included a general block of questions and methods SCL-90-R, COPE, OKM97. Statistical processing was carried out with the SPSS statistical package. The results of the study show an increase in psychopathological symptoms (somatization, phobic symptoms, sleep disturbances), a decrease in the level of constructive thinking and indicators of emotional consciousness, an expansion of ideas about esoteric thinking, naïve optimism, categorical thinking, a turn to religion and a search for existential explanations for what is happening. In the Moscow sample, a V-shaped graphs were noted for the parameters of the level of depression, for the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, for the parameters for “turning to religion”, “esoteric thinking,” along with a constant increase in the level of anxious, phobic symptoms and somatization, which leads to the presence of the negation phase after the phase of shock and before the adoption of a situation. Conclusions: with prolonged situation a further increase in psychopathological symptoms is possible, which can have a wide range of negative consequences.

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Examination of the Relationship Between Gender, Performance, and Enjoyment of a First-Person Shooter Game

Simulation & Gaming ◽

10.1177/1046878117693397 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 338-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Toby Hopp ◽

Jolene Fisher

Keyword(s):

Gender Gap ◽

Video Game ◽

Online Survey ◽

Value Theory ◽

First Person ◽

Partial Explanation ◽

High Level ◽

First Person Shooter ◽

The Relationship ◽

Game Performance

Purpose. The purpose of this work was to explore the relationship between gender, game performance factors, and player enjoyment of a first-person shooter (FPS) video game. Drawing upon the notion that FPS games are gendered spaces in which men are both the intended and ideal participants, we predicted that women’s game enjoyment, in contrast to men’s, would rest on their ability to positively violate negative expectancies associated with FPS games by performing at a high level. Method. Two inter-related studies were employed. The first (preliminary) study used an online survey to assess gender-based expectancy differences. The second (main) study was lab-based. Here, participants played the FPS game COUNTER-STRIKE: GLOBAL OFFENSIVE and provided data on perceived game performance and session enjoyment. Results. The data indicated that men’s enjoyment of a FPS game was not influenced by game performance while women’s enjoyment was, in fact, significantly influenced by both subjective self-relative and objective performance dimensions. Conclusions. The present findings may provide a partial explanation for the persistence of the gender gap relative to FPS preference. Moreover, the current work extends the current scholarly understanding of expectancy value theory (EVT) by investigating the effect of expectancy violations associated with one’s own behavior.

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How Instagram Influencers Affect the Value Perception of Thai Millennial Followers and Purchasing Intention of Luxury Fashion for Sustainable Marketing

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8572

Author(s):

Akawut Jansom ◽

Siwarit Pongsakornrungsilp

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Online Survey ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Value Perception ◽

Purchasing Intention ◽

Sustainable Marketing ◽

The Relationship

Social media influencers play a significant role in marketing by introducing products to their followers. We investigate how Instagram influencers impact consumer parasocial interaction (PSI) in the relationship between value perception and purchase intention. Whereas customers influence the attractiveness (social and physical) PSI of social media influencers, studies of the effects of luxury purchasing PSI in Thailand are limited. We examine the relationship between PSI and followers of luxury fashion’s value (social, personal, and conspicuous) on social media. We use structural equation modeling to evaluate hypotheses by conducting an online survey with 400 Thai millennial respondents who had experience following influencers on Instagram. The findings indicate that Thai millennials accept Instagram influencers’ PSIs in terms of value perception and motivation to purchase luxury fashion. The attractiveness of influencers initiates the formation of PSI; followers receive value perception and react to purchasing intention from influencers. The concepts were investigated to prove that influencers’ power can encourage followers to mitigate negative consequences by delivering value perceptions on PSI. These findings provided managerial implications for comprehending consumers in the field of digitalization.

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The Relationship between Differentiation of Self and Psychological Adjustment to Separation

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9060738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 738

Author(s):

Manuel Alfredo Moral ◽

Carlos Alexis Chimpén-López ◽

T. Richelle Lyon ◽

José Carmelo Adsuar

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Adjustment ◽

Online Survey ◽

Differentiation Of Self ◽

Family Systems Theory ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Bivariate Correlation ◽

Linear Relationships ◽

The Relationship

Many individuals suffer negative mental health consequences such as anxiety and depression following separation from a romantic partner and/or co-parenting conflict due to divorce. Consequently, treating the psychological aftermath of divorce and partner separation remains a predominant concern for mental health practitioners. According to family systems theory, high interdependence and low differentiation of self are associated with a lessened capacity for managing anxiety or adapting to stressful events since intense emotions may inhibit the ability to cope. To assess the relationship between differentiation of self and psychological adjustment to separation, 84 divorced adults completed an online survey. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that a model based on fusion with others, I-position, and emotional cutoff was a statistically significant predictor of lonely/negativity. Bivariate correlation analyses confirmed significant linear relationships between fusion with others, lonely/negativity, and co-parenting conflict. No differences between genders were found. There is a continuing need to develop interventions to address the negative consequences of divorce, help reduce emotional suffering, and encourage healthy co-parenting. Individuals struggling with psychological adjustment post-divorce, or those seeking education for managing the psychological effects of divorce and co-parenting, may benefit from counseling strategies that incorporate an assessment of differentiation of self and psychological adjustment to separation.

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