scholarly journals The Prior Analytics in the Syriac and Arabic tradition

Vivarium ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 134-158
Author(s):  
Uwe Vagelpohl
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Commentary Tradition

AbstractThe reception history of Aristotle’s Prior Analytics in the Islamic world began even before its ninth-century translation into Arabic. Three generations earlier, Arabic authors already absorbed echoes of the varied and extensive logical teaching tradition of Greek- and Syriac-speaking religious communities in the new Islamic state. Once translated into Arabic, the Prior Analytics inspired a rich tradition of logical studies, culminating in the creation of an independent Islamic logical tradition by Ibn Sina (d. 1037), Ibn Rušd (d. 1098) and others. This article traces the translation and commentary tradition of the Prior Analytics in Syriac and Arabic in the sixth to ninth centuries and sketches its appropriation, revision and, ultimately, transformation by Islamic philosophers between the ninth and eleventh centuries.

scholarly journals An Investigation on the Translation of Asâs al-Iqtibâs fi'l-Mantık, which was translated into Arabic by Mullā Ḫüsrev by the Order of Mehmed II the Conqueror

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-56
Author(s):  
Ferruh Özpilavcı
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Great Mathematician ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
History Of

The Islamic world in the 13th century is a very scientifically productive period, when great logicians and great works emerged in terms of logic. Undoubtedly, one of the leading figures of this century in the field of philosophy and logic is the great mathematician, logician and philosopher Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (d. 1274). Al-Tūsī, who has produced many valuable works, has written his work named Asâs al-Iqtibâs fi'l-Mantık. (The Basis of Acquisition). It has been modeled on the famous encyclopedic philosophical work of Ibn Sīnā-Avicenna (d. 1037), the first nine books of Kitâb al-Şifā (The Cure) on logic. The work has been among the masterpieces of the history of Islamic logic with its competent expression and original contributions, encompassing all matters up to its age. Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II The Conqueror (r. 1451-1481), who carried out important activities in the scientific and cultural field as well as his achievements in the political field, ordered this important work of logic written in Persian to be translated into Arabic from Shaykh al-Islam Mullā Ḫüsrev (d. 1480) in order to have a more common and useful functionality. In addition, Mullā Ḫüsrev, who was also a great jurist and logician, successfully completed this important task and presented his translation to the Sultan. Many copies of this translation have survived, the translator himself wrote two of which. In this article, the work named Esâsu’l İktibâs fi'l-Mantık and its translation in question have been examined and evaluated.

“A Triumph in Culinary Art”: Epicurean Displays at the Copley Plaza

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Michelle Tolini Finamore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Extensive Family

From the early twentieth century through the 1960s, three generations of the Tolini family participated in culinary expositions organized by the Epicurean Society of Boston and Les Amis d'Escoffier. The French gastronomic traditions of Auguste Escoffier and Antonin Carême informed the creation of the elaborate and highly decorative tallow sculptures that were the centerpieces of these displays. Drawing upon an extensive family archive of photographs, menus, and ephemera, the author delves into the history of these extraordinaires, or pièces montées. The article explores the fabrication techniques and aesthetics of the centerpieces through oral history and seminal nineteenth- and twentieth-century culinary books such as The Escoffier Cook Book: A Guide to the Fine Art of Cookery and more obscure works such as Escoffier's Les Fleurs en Cire. The investigation uncovers the original sources of inspiration for the annual competitions, as well as a unique tradition of craftsmanship that was handed down from father to son to grandson.

Local Historians and their Cities: the Urban Topography of al-Azdī’s Mosul and al-Sahmī’s Jurjan

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Harry Munt
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Topography ◽  
Socially Relevant

 From the third/ninth century onwards, the writing of local histories in Arabic flourished across the Islamic world. A great number of these works dealt with the history of individual cities and this chapter examines how they depicted those cities. Did they tend to portray cities as topographical landscapes or as social communities? If the former, what aspects of urban topography were they most interested in? If the latter, were the communities presented as cohesive or diverse? This chapter addresses these questions by comparing two works: Abū Zakariyya’ al-Azdī’s (d. 334/946) history of Mosul and Ḥamza al-Sahmī’s (d. 427/1035-36) history of Jurjan. It seeks to demonstrate that local historians thought very carefully about how to invest cities and their topographies with socially relevant meanings.

The Church of the East Until the Eighth Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 429-450
Author(s):  
Stefan R. Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Church Of The East ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Christian Population

For a long time, the development of Christian communities within the Sasanian and early Islamic Empires was either neglected or described in terms of a history of persecution and antagonism within a Zoroastrian or Islamic state. Only recently has the perception of the extent of Christianization, the interaction of religious communities, and the importance of Christians within these societies and their upper echelons changed dramatically. The narrative of permanent conflict and oppression of Christian faith has given way to the acknowledgment of a predominant Christian population in the territory of modern Iraq and western Iran in the fifth through seventh centuries. One argument in this context is the growing body of material evidence for Christian churches and images as well as burials, which are expressions of respected and self-assured Christian communities.

scholarly journals “WRITING DOWN OF HADITHS IN THE VII-VIII CENTURIES: APPROACHES AND METHODS”

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5536-5545
Author(s):  
Zahid Islamov Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
History Of Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Creation

The article is devoted to the study of history of writing of hadiths in the VII-VIII centuries and methodological approaches and methods used in this process by scholars of the Science of Hadith. The process of writing and compiling of hadith collections is studied historically dividing into the stages of Sahabah (companions), Tabi`un (successors) and Tabi` al-Tabi`un (successors of Tabi`un). The specific features, used approaches and methods of these stages are analyzed and explained based on sources. The article also covers various political and social factors that have accelerated the process of writing of hadiths. The article examines the long process from the first stage of the history of written collection of hadiths to the creation of the main collections of hadith in the ninth century, which is recognized as the golden age of hadith science.

scholarly journals A History of Arab-Islamic Geography (9th-16th Century AD)

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Mushtaqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Language Difficulty ◽  
Order Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time To Learn

“Everything you ever wanted to know about the Arab-Islamic contribution togeography (but have had no time to learn up to now),” aptly describes SayyidMaqbool Ahmad‘s A History of Arab-Islamic Geography, which is a descriptionof the Arab-Islamic contribution to geography between the sixth and nineth centuries.To the uninitiated reader, the book may seem like a spider’s web; there isa guiding thread to follow, but that thread is hard to find and easy to lose.Barring language difficulty and the insipid organization of the text, the book ismonumental. It clarifies a number of misconceptions and provides authenticdetails about Arab-Islamic geography.The book is based on over 50 years of painstaking research of Arabicpalimpsests and chronicles and their translations into English and otherEuropean languages. It was the late Professor Hamilton Gibb of St. JohnsCollege (Oxford University), a shining light among Western Orientalists, whoasked Ahmad in 1945 for research on the subject. Following his mentor, Ahmadhas done a remarkable job of distilling much of the chaotic and contentious mattersrelating to Arab-Islamic geography. Never before has anyone attempted toprovide detailed “basic data” on Arab-Islamic geography. Contrary to whatmany Western Orientalists believe, the Arabs-in addition to being inheritorsand preservers of Greek, Indian, and Persian knowledge-made significant contributionsto geography. It was partly the contribution of Nasir al-Din Tusi(astronomy), al-Battani (astronomy), Mohammed Musa al-Khwarizmi (mathematics),Ibn al-Haytham (optics), Abul-Rayhan al-Biruni (astronomy, physics),Ibn Sina (medicine), Al-Jazari (mechanics), Al-Sharif al-Idrisi (geography), Al-Masudi (geography), Ibn al-Nafis (blood circulation), Ibn Majid (magnetic compass),and others to science and technology.that motivated the IndustrialRevolution of Europe.The book is organized into two parts and twenty-two chapters to present thevast literature by subject and chronological order. Part I of the book has threesections and nine chapters, which discuss the origins of scientific geography,astronomical and philosophical literature, reports of the explorers and Arabembassies, and regional discussions. These chapters are conclusive that Arab-Islamic scientific geography began with Al-Ma’mun (813-833 AD), who establishedthe first academy, known as Bayt al-Hikmu (the House of Wisdom). As aresult, in Baghdad after the middle of the ninth century, general and descriptivegeographical works began appearing. Included in this section are also chapterson the Iraqi and Balkhi school of geography. Chapters 10 through 15 discuss theimportant regional, philosophical, and astronomical geography works whichappeared in Baghdad. lbn Khurdadbih was the fit writer on the subject andhence can be called the father of Arab-Islamic geography. His Kirub ul-Musalikwu ul-Mumulik (Book of Roads and Kingdoms) is a classic.Two appendices, one concerning the Waqwaq Islands and the other concerningModification of Ptolemy’s Geography by Al-Idrisi, are the most revealingparts of the book because the location of the Waqwaq Islands and Al-Idrisi’smodification of Ptolemy’s map have long baffled Orientalists. Waqwaq Islands(ul-Juzur al-Wuqwuq) were fit mentioned in Ibn Khurdashbih’s Kitab ul-Musulik wu a1 -Mamulik. Appendix 2, Al-Idris’s modification of Ptolemy’s map, ...

Karrāmiyya

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Zysow
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Divine Action ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The background for the emergence in the third/ninth century of the Karrāmiyya as an intellectually aggressive form of traditionism lies in the strongly Ḥanafī anti-Jahmī milieu of the Eastern Islamic world. Although they never played a major role in the history of Islamic theology comparable to that of their rivals the Mu`tazilīs, Ash`arites, and Māturīdīs, the Karrāmiyya did leave indelible traces in theological literature by virtue of their vigorous and elaborate defence of a number of controversial teachings. These include their definition of faith (īmān) exclusively in terms of a verbal profession, their assertion, likely under Stoic influence, that God is corporeal and stands in a spatial relation to his throne, and their analysis of divine action as necessarily involving a process within God that others saw as undermining God’s immutability and timelessness.

Friends and rivals: knowledge, institutions, and relationships

Biruni ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 109-129
Author(s):  
George Malagaris
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Formation ◽  
Ongoing Support

Biruni appreciated that his research rested on intellectual achievements that originated many centuries earlier and required ongoing support to thrive. He often mentioned that Arabic science sprang from Near Eastern and Hellenistic traditions. In the medieval Islamic world, patrons promoted institutions of learning and developed relationships with clients, among them scholars with special capabilities, such as Biruni. Biruni saw himself as a participant in an interregional discourse which incorporated the thought of Muslim and non-Muslim peoples alike, with their multitude of ideas and languages. Yet, not all went harmoniously and disputes could resonate negatively far into the future, as in the case of Biruni’s debate with Ibn Sina. Whether on the institutional or individual level, or through affective or antagonistic relations, these dynamics of intellectual ferment reveal a social history of intellectual formation in Biruni’s age.

The Colorless History of Pseudo-Aristotle’s De coloribus

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-288
Author(s):  
Lisa Devriese
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Latin West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Commentary Tradition

Abstract This article examines the medieval reception history of De coloribus. This pseudo-Aristotelian treatise on colors was translated from Greek into Latin in the thirteenth century, but the question of its success and use by contemporary scholars has not yet received any attention. After an examination of its medieval commentary tradition, the marginal glosses, and the first attestations, I conclude that De coloribus was scarcely used in the medieval Latin West, although the translation survived in a significant number of manuscripts. In the second part of the article, I look into some possible explanations for this limited reception history. One of the main factors is the availability of several alternative discussions on color in the Aristotelian corpus as well as in the non-Aristotelian scientific literature.

FBI and Religion

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Assessment ◽  
Civic Religion ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This volume is an interdisciplinary assessment of the relationship between religion and the FBI. We recount the history of the FBI’s engagement with multiple religious communities and with aspects of public or “civic” religion such as morality and respectability. The book presents new research to explain roughly the history of the FBI’s interaction with religion over approximately one century, from the pre-Hoover period to the post-9/11 era. Along the way, the book explores vexed issues that go beyond the particulars of the FBI’s history—the juxtaposition of “religion” and “cult,” the ways in which race can shape the public’s perceptions of religion (and vica versa), the challenges of mediating between a religious orientation and a secular one, and the role and limits of academic scholarship as a way of addressing the differing worldviews of the FBI and some of the religious communities it encounters.

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