Prophètes, Missionnaires et Mariages au Kenya

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
Barbara Morovich
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Structure Sociale ◽  
Husband And Wife

AbstractHow can one be Christian whilst remaining Kikuyu and reproduce in a socially legitimate manner? Focusing on akurinu Prophetic Churches in Kenya, this article analyses the diff erent stages of akurinu marriage in order to understand its individual, moral and social meanings. Akurinu marriage is seen as a new set of rules, organised and managed by the religious community. One of its most striking features is that the wedding is not paid for by the families of the husband and wife. is is an important change in the social structure of the Kikuyu and it shows that Prophetic Churches can be seen as groups which adapt to social change within Kenyan urban society. Moreover, the hope of finding a spouse is one of the reasons for changing to this type of religious community. Comment être chrétien, demeurer Kikuyu et se reproduire légitimement ? En se penchant sur le cas des Eglises prophétiques akurinu au Kenya, cet article retrace les étapes du mariage akurinu afi n d'en comprendre les enjeux individuels, moraux et sociaux. Le mariage akurinu est analysé comme un nouvel ensemble de règles, organisé et géré par la communauté religieuse. Un des points les plus remarquables est que les frais des cérémonies de mariage n'incombent plus aux familles des époux, ce qui introduit un bouleversement fondamental dans la structure sociale kikuyu, et permet de considérer les Eglises prophétiques comme des groupes qui répondent aux changements sociaux de la société urbaine en cours au Kenya. De plus, l'espoir de trouver un conjoint demeure une des raisons de la conversion à ce type de communauté.

Community, dialect and urbanization in the Arabic-speaking Middle East

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Holes
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Everyday Communication

The purpose of this paper is to explain how changes in the social structure of the countries of the Arabic-speaking Middle East are being reflected in new patterns of dialect use. The last 30 years have seen an enormously increased interest in Arabic as a living mode of everyday communication, reflected in many dialectological, typological and sociolinguistic studies. As a result, we now have a much clearer overall picture of the dialect geography of the eastern Arab world, and the beginnings of an understanding of the dynamics of language change. Inevitably, the focus of many studies has been geographically specific, so that the area-wide nexus between social change and linguistic change has not always been seen in a sufficiently broad context. By examining three case studies documented in the literature, I aim to point up similarities in the dynamics of change which are often obscured by distracting local particularities.

scholarly journals The influence of fish farm activity on the social structure of the common bottlenose dolphin in Sardinia (Italy)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10960
Author(s):  
Serena Frau ◽  
Fabio Ronchetti ◽  
Francesco Perretti ◽  
Alberto Addis ◽  
Giulia Ceccherelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Common Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dolphin Population ◽  
The Common

In a wide variety of habitats, including some heavily urbanised areas, the adaptability of populations of common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) may depend on the social structure dynamics. Nonetheless, the way in which these adaptations take place is still poorly understood. In the present study we applied photo-identification techniques to investigate the social structure of the common bottlenose dolphin population inhabiting the Gulf of Alghero (Sardinia, Italy), analysing data recorded from 2008 to 2019. The social structure analysis showed a division of the entire population into five different communities and the presence of non-random associations, while there was no evidence of segregation between sexes. Furthermore, results highlighted an important change in social structure through time, likely due to a reduction in fish farm activity since 2015. The division of the population into different communities, the presence of segregation based on the foraging strategy (inside or outside the fish farm area) and the social network measures were evaluated by analysing independently the two datasets: the intense and low farm activity periods: 2008–2014 and 2015–2020, respectively. Segregation among individuals belonging to the same foraging strategy class was found only in the earlier period, and the composition of the four communities was consistent with this result. Our study improves the knowledge about bottlenose dolphin adaptation, as a lower complexity in social structure was linked to a reduction in anthropogenic food availability.

scholarly journals Elegant Economy in Elizabeth Gaskells Cranford: A Socialist Feminist Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Megha Ramteke
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Elizabeth Gaskell ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Class System ◽  
Feminist Study ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
The Social

Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865) was a Victorian writer who had to undergo various kinds of condescension for her writings. After bearing the stigma of being conformist, conventional, and meek as ascribed to her by the contemporary feminist critics, Gaskell’s writings are being revisited with a new feminist perspective in recent years. The present paper is also a humble attempt to rediscover the feminist dimension of her writings by exploring one of her novels, Cranford (1853), through a socialist feminist lens. Cranford presents such a social structure that is devoid of a Class system and constructed by women in a matrilineal society as against the capitalist patriarchal society of Drumble. This Matriarchal socialist social structure is based on the values of cooperation, humanity, and motherly care characteristic to the differently developed gendered subjectivity of women. The social change through the agency of woman foreshadows Gaskell’s far-sighted feminist views of the 1970s.

The Rise of the Lougheed Conservatives and the Demise of Social Credit in Alberta: A Reconsideration

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Bell
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
The Social

AbstractIn 1971, Peter Lougheed's Conservatives put an end to the long rule of the Social Credit party in Alberta. Many accounts maintain that large-scale social change that occurred in the province as a result of the postwar oil boom was responsible for this important change of government. Urbanization, in particular the expansion of the urban middle classes, secularization and increasing wealth are often cited as the primary causes of Social Credit's downfall. This article challenges this popular interpretation, arguing instead that short-term factors such as leadership, contemporaneous issues and campaign organization better explain the Conservative triumph. Also challenged is the larger claim that election outcomes may be determined by matters beyond anyone's control.

Teachers’ Narratives of Life Satisfaction, Social Mobility, and Practical Sense of Inequalities in Chile

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042110061
Author(s):  
Andrea Lizama-Loyola
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Differential Forms ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
The Social

The academic literature argues that understandings of the subjective experience of social mobility differ from objective measure of social mobility – based on occupational patterns of movement – because people tend to conflate changes of the social structure (social change) and changes within the social structure (social mobility), resulting in a limited sense of social inequalities. This article explores subjective understandings of social mobility through the lens of Chilean school-teachers’ narratives of their life trajectories. Methodologically, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 41 teachers who live in Santiago. They were also asked to draw a timeline with the main transitions in their lives. The findings of this article show that teachers’ evaluations of their trajectories are first expressed as narratives relating to their life satisfaction. Differential forms of social comparison that emerge from teachers’ evaluations of their trajectories reveal how people position themselves within a broader structure of social inequalities. In consequence, teachers’ evaluations of their trajectories contain implicit or explicit narratives of social mobility which are often bound up with a subjective sense of social change and life-course change. This article demonstrates that lay understandings of social mobility potentially illuminate academic understandings, by addressing a multidimensional and fluid model of social mobility as well as the practical experiences of inequalities that frame people’s everyday lives.

Exchange Relations and Social Change in Rural Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A.Z. Mughal
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Socioeconomic Change ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
Gradual Shift ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Exchange Relations

In recent decades, the nature of exchange relations in rural Pakistan appears to have undergone significant transformations due to the gradual shift from seasonal agriculture to a market-based economy, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation. Change and continuity in exchange relations are particularly manifested in rituals and ceremonies associated with childbirth, marriage and death, with socioeconomic transformations in the rural economy triggering shifts in ways of conducting such rituals and ceremonies. This article seeks to highlight such change but argues that the continuing centrality of religion, kinship and economic inter-dependencies, marked by rural social organisation, remains evident in how these rituals and ceremonies are conducted. After discussing the social meanings of such rituals and ceremonies in rural Pakistan, the article demonstrates through detailed ethnographic study certain modifications in exchange relations as a consequence of recent socioeconomic change.

scholarly journals The education during the announcement period of republic within the construction and trnsformation period

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mehmet Bozaslan ◽  
Emel Çokoğullar
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Change Transformation

Every society is bound to struggle to create the conditions and mechanisms in convenient with the own life experience within the historical perspective. This struggle aims to provide the social order or change the existing social structure. The institution of education becomes the primary actor of changing in line with shaping the individual targets. After the establishment of the Republic in 1923, the education system has been reorganized and determined its own principles in order to enhance the mission of social change, transformation and construction. Therefore, the education system has transformed into a mixed, compulsory, rationalist and secular character and hence the interruption has been witnessed with the creating of new social structure by liberating from the traditional forms.Keywords: the announcement of republic, transformation, education, construction, social structure

scholarly journals Individual Differences in the Resistance to Social Change and Acceptance of Inequality Predict System Legitimacy Differently Depending on the Social Structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Brandt ◽  
Christine Reyna
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
European Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Social

We propose that individual differences in the resistance to social change and the acceptance of inequality can have divergent effects on legitimacy depending on the context. This possibility was tested in a sample of 27 European countries ( N = 144 367) and across four experiments (total N = 475). Individual differences in the resistance to social change were related to higher levels of perceived legitimacy no matter the level of inequality of the society. Conversely, individual differences in the acceptance of inequality were related to higher levels of perceived legitimacy in unequal societies, but either a relationship near zero or the opposite relationship was found in more equal societies. These studies highlight the importance of distinguishing between individual differences that make up political ideology, especially when making predictions in diverse settings. © 2017 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

Music and Gift-Exchange: Steps to the Inculturation of the Gospel

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-429
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Gittins
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Local Congregations ◽  
Cultural Components

Music is a mirror reflecting a community's life and a medium of exchange; not just entertainment but a vital component of culture, a locus of social meanings and values. Cultures are never static. Music is a vehicle for modification and variation of cultural meanings. Strangers, too, are a means whereby cultures may be infiltrated and enriched. This article considers the various cultural components—music, gift-exchange, strangers, and social change—as the social fabric out of which the inculturation of the gospel must be woven. And it is a cross-cultural parable containing lessons for local congregations and communities.

scholarly journals Feeding holy bodies: A study on the social meanings of a vegetarian diet to Seventh-day Adventist church pioneers

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Sánchez ◽  
Ramon Gelabert ◽  
Yasna Badilla ◽  
Carlos Del Valle
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Seventh Day Adventist ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Moral Category ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Scientific

Ten years ago National Geographic magazine reported that the Loma Linda Seventh-day Adventist population is one of the communities in the world that lives longer and with a higher quality of life thanks in part to the biological benefits of a vegetarian diet. Along with National Geographic, other media outlets have reported since then that the Adventist religious community considers a plant-based diet a very important factor for a healthy lifestyle. Adventists have been promoting this type of diet worldwide for more than 150 years. This article is an attempt to understand from a social-scientific perspective the origin of the importance they lend to diet and see whether this helps explain why approximately 150 years after the founding of the church, diet remains crucial for Adventists around the world. The conclusion proposed is that Adventists understood the adoption of a plant-based diet as a special divine instruction in order to nourish their new identity as a special people differentiated from the rest of society. This was possible through a desecularisation of diet that placed food in the moral category of the Adventist belief system.Keywords: Seventh-day Adventist Church; vegetarian diet; religion; health; desecularisation; identity

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