scholarly journals Rainfall and Agricultural Production in Botswana

Afrika Focus ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Paul Vossen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Production Forecasting ◽  
Positive Time ◽  
Semi Arid

The interannual variability of traditional, rainfed agricultural production of Botswana, a country with a typical semi-arid climate, is almost completely accounted for by the quality of the rainy season. It appears that the variability of the national cattle death ratio, total planted area and crop yield are, for more than 95% accounted for by rainy season conditions. As a result, also the nutritional state of the population highly correlates with rainfall. Despite the severe droughts of 1978/79and1985/86, farmers were not discouraged to practice agriculture: in fact, crop production shows a significant positive time trend which becomes apparent, when the trend and the rainy season conditions are analysed in combination with each other. As part of this study, models were developed and validated for a precise and areawise agricultural rainy season quality monitoring and for national agricultural production forecasting in Botswana. One of these models could possibly also be used for the areawise assessment of risks for malnutrition of children under five years old.

Non-Metal Pollution (Fluoride)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-30
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Semi Arid

In this chapter, the authors describe Fluoride contamination spread in the environment. Fluoride in groundwater is a serious problem. Groundwater is the most valuable fresh water used for drinking purposes in different areas. Irrigation is one primordial sector in India where one-third of land surface falls under arid and semi-arid climate, and rainfall is seasonal and erratic. Semi-arid climate prevailing in Tonk district necessitates the characterization of groundwater quality for optimizing its use in irrigation as well as in domestic consumption. The majority of underground water contains a high concentration of salts, and their continuous use adversely affects soil, animal, and plant health, and thereby crop production. The plant-based phytoremediation approach to improve the quality of water and soil has become an area of importance to study regarding Fluoride.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Perception Regarding Climate Change and Crop Production, Especially for Wheat in Dinajpur District

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Syeda ◽  
M Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Change Environment ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Over Time

An attempt was made to depict the valuable experience of farmers about climate change, environment and agricultural production, particularly wheat by conducting an opinion survey among 50 years and above aged farmers and agricultural workers in selected mauzas of Dinajpur district. Three hundred thirteen (313) respondents were interviewed in the survey. All the respondents opined regarding climate change in Dinajpur district over time. All of them opined that crop land, crop cultivation and crop yield were affected due to climatic change and changing of climate might pose a big and devastating threat to the production of wheat. Besides, the three case studies were accomplished to explore new ideas about climate change and the behavior of nature and human culture. They had also similar types of experience about climate change.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14804 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 129-136 2012

scholarly journals Transforming Traditional Agriculture Redux

2019 ◽  
pp. 362-380
Author(s):  
Philip G. Pardey ◽  
Julian M. Alston
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Traditional Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Change ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Supply Side Factors

In Transforming Traditional Agriculture T.W. Schultz (1964), envisioned a crucial role for investments in ‘nontraditional’ inputs such as knowledge and education, and improvements in the quality of material inputs and people, to help shift agriculture to a firmer footing and capitalize on agriculture as an engine of economic growth. However, the patterns of agricultural change over the subsequent half century have been uneven. Around the world today can be found countries at every stage of the transition that is now largely complete in the high-income countries. Global agricultural production has been dominated for a long time by a short (but changing) list of relatively large and populous countries. In 2011–13, just ten countries accounted for 55.7 per cent of the world’s cropland. The bulk of global crop production takes place in the temperate north (62.9 per cent). Supply side factors affect the location of production, but demand matters too. Food commodities are predominantly produced close to where they will be consumed. Consequently, calories produced from staple crops as a share of each country’s calories produced from all crops has a visibly negative relationship with average per capita income—an Engel effect on the national agricultural output mix.

Evaluating the impact of ponds in sustaining crop production: a case of Zhanghe irrigation system in China

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Mushtaq ◽  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Mohsin Hafeez
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
The Impact

Ponds are small reservoirs located in irrigated areas that allow farmers to capture rainfall, store surplus water from irrigation canals and conserve water from other sources. These ponds allow the users to obtain water on-demand providing built-in flexibility by storing water close to water users. Though ponds have been used widely in irrigated areas for many years, a recent increase in the construction of ponds because of growing water shortages and government policies are placing greater need on understanding their role in sustaining crop production. We evaluated the impact of ponds in sustaining agricultural production, specifically the impact of ponds on cost of irrigation, crop area and production. Multivariate regression models were developed to assess the impact of ponds. The results of an assessment of the impact of access to pond water indicated that it reduces the total cost of irrigation. However, the effect is not statistically significant, whereas access to pond water had some positive but non significant impact on rice area and yield. The results did not show any significant increase in yield and rice area because of the similar quality of ponds and the ZIS canal water; the ZIS contributes around 20% to pond water. However, comparing yield using pond water and rainfed agriculture may show a significant impact of pond water. We envision that ponds will continue to play vital roles in sustaining agricultural production.

scholarly journals A Study of the Spatial Difference of the Soil Quality of The Mun River Basin during the Rainy Season

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunsheng Wu ◽  
Qingsheng Liu ◽  
Guoxia Ma ◽  
Gaohuan Liu ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Main Period

The Mun River basin is one of the main grain-producing areas of Thailand, and the rainy season is the main period for crop planting after being idle during the dry season. However, the soil conditions are variable, so an assessment of soil quality during the rainy season is necessary for improving soil condition and crop production. The aim of this study was to conduct a soil quality assessment based on soil samples. To attain that, a minimum data set theory was used to screen evaluation indicators and geographically weighted regression was performed to obtain spatial interpolations of indicators, while the fuzzy logic model was used to determine the soil quality results. The results showed that the contents of indicators had similar spatial trends as their contents declined from the western to the eastern region of the basin. The soil quality results showed that the poor soil was in the middle of the basin, where the main land use is paddy fields, and the good soil was in the southwest of the basin, where forests and dry fields are widely distributed. The results indicated that the soil quality in the Mun River basin varied greatly, especially for farmland, so these findings will be helpful for improving soil conditions and grain production in the Mun River basin.

scholarly journals The Role of Earth Observation in Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Production in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3382
Author(s):  
Sarchil Hama Qader ◽  
Jadu Dash ◽  
Victor A. Alegana ◽  
Nabaz R. Khwarahm ◽  
Andrew J. Tatem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Semi Arid

Crop production is a major source of food and livelihood for many people in arid and semi-arid (ASA) regions across the world. However, due to irregular climatic events, ASA regions are affected commonly by frequent droughts that can impact food production. In addition, ASA regions in the Middle East and Africa are often characterised by political instability, which can increase population vulnerability to hunger and ill health. Remote sensing (RS) provides a platform to improve the spatial prediction of crop production and food availability, with the potential to positively impact populations. This paper, firstly, describes some of the important characteristics of agriculture in ASA regions that require monitoring to improve their management. Secondly, it demonstrates how freely available RS data can support decision-making through a cost-effective monitoring system that complements traditional approaches for collecting agricultural data. Thirdly, it illustrates the challenges of employing freely available RS data for mapping and monitoring crop area, crop status and forecasting crop yield in these regions. Finally, existing approaches used in these applications are evaluated, and the challenges associated with their use and possible future improvements are discussed. We demonstrate that agricultural activities can be monitored effectively and both crop area and crop yield can be predicted in advance using RS data. We also discuss the future challenges associated with maintaining food security in ASA regions and explore some recent advances in RS that can be used to monitor cropland and forecast crop production and yield.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficient Level of Useful Agricultural Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Akif Valiyev ◽  
Natig Mirzayev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Efficient Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Composition Structure

The article describes overall useful agricultural soil in Azerbaijan, as well as the level use in crop production and animal husbandry, as well as the quality and evaluation of variety of crops in accordance with a system of 100 points under the land cadastre. To determine the efficient level of useful agricultural soils, first of all, the main types and subtypes of soil and their cultivated area used in agricultural production were identified. Data was calculated on the overall soil fund of the republic, the agricultural region and its composition (structure), the level of use of each type and subtype of soil in agriculture, as well as in crop production and animal husbandry. Calculations show that the total utilization rate in agriculture varies between 0.52 and 0.98. To assess the quality of the type and subtype of soil used in agricultural production, to assess the quality of various plants, a system of 100 points was used, and it was proposed to combine the soil in 10 agricultural production groups instead of 5 There are ways to calculate the “Comparative soil value” (TMDƏ) for a specific territory to simplify and facilitate the practical use of materials from agricultural soil groups. Using the data obtained from the survey, any farm manager can plan to obtain higher yields per unit area with minimal and less labor, and can also determine the need of plants for fertilizers depending on soil quality.

scholarly journals Influence of extreme hydrological events in the quality of water reservoirs in the semi-arid tropical region

RBRH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline do Vale Figueiredo ◽  
Vanessa Becker
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Extreme Hydrological Events ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Heavy Rains

ABSTRACT Inland water environments, such as natural and artificial lakes, are increasingly vulnerable to extreme events (heavy rains, severe drought). This study aims to evaluate if this events affect the water quality of tropical semi-arid springs. The results showed that the reservoirs presented significant changes in the limnological variables between the rainy season and severe drought periods. However, different behaviors were observed among reservoirs in the period of severe drought, which indicate that the responses of these environments to extreme events should take into account other factors such as the climate of the region, the size and depth of the reservoir.

scholarly journals Simulation and Prediction of Rainfall and Crop Yield in West Java Using ANFIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ruminta Roem ◽  
Tati Nurmala
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
West Java ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Future

Simulation of numerical data for prediction purposes is very important for the planning and anticipation of the future, for example, prediction data of rainfall and agricultural production. There are various models to simulate and forecast the numerical data, one of which is a artificial intelligence model using ANFIS. In this connection it has studied a simulation and prediction of rainfall and agricultural production in West Java using ANFIS. The study uses data of rainfall and crop production. The method of this study is descriptive explanatory which is a type of quantitative analysis. Numerical data were analyzed using ANFIS of the Software Matlab 8.0. The study results showed that ANFIS can simulate rainfall and crop yield with highly accurate and has the potential to be used as one of the alternative model to predict rainfall and crop yield in West Java

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