Colloquium 4 A Man of No Substance: The Philosopher in Plato’s Gorgias

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
S.Montgomery Ewegen
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Abstract At the center of Plato’s Gorgias, the shameless and irascible Callicles offers an attack against philosophy (484c and following). During this attack, he describes philosophy as a pastime fit only for the young which, if practiced beyond the bloom of youth, threatens to render those who practice it politically inept and powerless. Moreover, when taken too far, philosophy provokes the city into stripping the philosopher of all of his rights and property, leaving him with no οὐσία at all (486c). Thus, according to Callicles, far from making one powerful within the city, philosophy ultimately renders one impotent and utterly without substance. In what follows I argue that the Socrates of the Gorgias agrees with this characterization of the philosopher as the one who lacks power and οὐσία. However, whereas Callicles sees such a condition as the most worthless and pitiable sort, Socrates sees it as the unique and singular posture from out of which true philosophical thinking, and true political power, are possible. As I will show, through the course of the Gorgias as a whole, Socrates offers a counter-discourse that presents the philosopher as a powerless person lacking οὐσία who is precisely thereby able to undertake a pursuit of the truth and the good. Phrased otherwise: Socrates takes ignorance understood as lack or powerlessness to be the very condition for the possibility of philosophy and true political power, while showing rhetoric understood as the pretense of wisdom to be an obstruction to these.

scholarly journals Characterization of the residual sludge from the wastewater treatment plant of JERADA

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
B. Khnaijer ◽  
E. Cherkaoui ◽  
M. Khamar ◽  
A. Nounah
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Residual Sludge ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Suitable Technique

The wastewater treatment plant of the city of JERADA is an aerated lagoon type, it is located in the west of the city of JERADA, It was put into service in 2016 and it is part of the national Moroccan liquid sanitation program, which requires an increasing of the rate of wastewater treatment. Indeed, said STEP generates on the one hand a clean sanitized water with an average flow of 2500 m3/d, which is discharged into the receiving environment without any environmental damage, and on the other handa huge quantities of residual sludge 1740.24 kg/d. The most suitable technique for the management of sewage sludge of the JERADA STATION is their valorization in agriculture after their composting. Such a process requires beforehand a physico-chemical and biological characterization of the station residual sludge.

‘Imagined San Francisco’: Unpacking Urban Regime Theory through Interactive Cartography

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Ocean Howell
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Regime Theory ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
Urban Regime Theory ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Urban Regime ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The City ◽  
Interactive Cartography

American urban historians have begun to understand that digital mapping provides a potentially powerful tool to describe political power. There are now important projects that map change in the American city along a number of dimensions, including zoning, suburbanization, commercial development, transportation infrastructure, and especially segregation. Most projects use their visual sources to illustrate the material consequences of the policies of powerful agencies and dominant planning ‘regimes.’ As useful as these projects are, they often inadvertently imbue their visualizations with an aura of inevitability, and thereby present political power as a kind of static substance–possess this and you can remake the city to serve your interests. A new project called ‘Imagined San Francisco’ is motivated by a desire to expand upon this approach, treating visual material not only to illustrate outcomes, but also to interrogate historical processes, and using maps, plans, drawings, and photographs not only to show what did happen, but also what might have happened. By enabling users to layer a series of historical urban plans–with a special emphasis on unrealized plans–‘Imagined San Francisco’ presents the city not only as a series of material changes, but also as a contingent process and a battleground for political power.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

scholarly journals An Online Reputation Analysis of the Tourism Industry in Marbella: A Preliminary Study on Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
María Jesús Carrasco-Santos ◽  
Antonio Manuel Ciruela-Lorenzo ◽  
Juan Gabriel Méndez Pavón ◽  
Carmen Cristófol Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
The One ◽  
Online Reputation ◽  
The City

This research analyzed the online reputation of Marbella as a tourist destination and the profiles of the reviewers according to sociodemographic characteristics. A correlational, quantitative research technique was used in this study based on the manual extraction of more than 4000 reviews generated on TripAdvisor. The data used in this study were collected from the TripAdvisor website, taking, as a sample, tourists who had visited the city in the last three years. Ratings that did not provide full data on the variables were excluded. The findings show that Marbella is considered a luxury shopping destination. The preliminary conclusions allow us to generalize about the sociodemographic profile of its tourists. The findings of the study will provide valuable information for Marbella’s Destination Management Organization (DMO). On the one hand, this study highlights the importance of ranking the attractions of the city to create better communication strategies and enhance the appeal of those attractions that receive the best ratings, establishing the true vocation of Marbella as a tourist destination. On the other hand, it provides information on what tourists perceive to be negative elements, allowing the administration to create an improvement plan. The novelty of this research paper is that it delves into Marbella’s online reputation through an analysis of specific attractions’ ratings. Areas that require further attention in future research have been highlighted, along with specific advice on each attraction that contributes to the tourist offerings of the city.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Polymerization Kinetics of Rigid Tricyanate Ester

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1686
Author(s):  
Andrey Galukhin ◽  
Roman Nosov ◽  
Ilya Nikolaev ◽  
Elena Melnikova ◽  
Daut Islamov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Polymerization Kinetics ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Polymerization Product ◽  
The One ◽  
Kinetics Of

A new rigid tricyanate ester consisting of seven conjugated aromatic units is synthesized, and its structure is confirmed by X-ray analysis. This ester undergoes thermally stimulated polymerization in a liquid state. Conventional and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry techniques are employed to study the polymerization kinetics. A transition of polymerization from a kinetic- to a diffusion-controlled regime is detected. Kinetic analysis is performed by combining isoconversional and model-based computations. It demonstrates that polymerization in the kinetically controlled regime of the present monomer can be described as a quasi-single-step, auto-catalytic, process. The diffusion contribution is parameterized by the Fournier model. Kinetic analysis is complemented by characterization of thermal properties of the corresponding polymerization product by means of thermogravimetric and thermomechanical analyses. Overall, the obtained experimental results are consistent with our hypothesis about the relation between the rigidity and functionality of the cyanate ester monomer, on the one hand, and its reactivity and glass transition temperature of the corresponding polymer, on the other hand.

scholarly journals Scenario Analyses of Exhaust Emissions Reduction through the Introduction of Electric Vehicles into the City

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Marianna Jacyna ◽  
Renata Żochowska ◽  
Aleksander Sobota ◽  
Mariusz Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

In recent years, policymakers of urban agglomerations in various regions of the world have been striving to reduce environmental pollution from harmful exhaust and noise emissions. Restrictions on conventional vehicles entering the inner city are being introduced and the introduction of low-emission measures, including electric ones, is being promoted. This paper presents a method for scenario analysis applied to study the reduction of exhaust emissions by introducing electric vehicles in a selected city. The original scenario analyses relating to real problems faced by contemporary metropolitan areas are based on the VISUM tool (PTV Headquarters for Europe: PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany). For the case study, the transport model of the city of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was used to conduct experiments with different forms of participation of electric vehicles on the one hand and traffic restrictions for high emission vehicles on the other hand. Scenario analyses were conducted for various constraint options including inbound, outbound, and through traffic. Travel time for specific transport relations and the volume of harmful emissions were used as criteria for evaluating scenarios of limited accessibility to city zones for selected types of vehicles. The comparative analyses carried out showed that the introduction of electric vehicles in the inner city resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of harmful exhaust compounds and, consequently, in an increase in the area of clean air in the city. The case study and its results provide some valuable insights and may guide decision-makers in their actions to introduce both driving ban restrictions for high-emission vehicles and incentives for the use of electric vehicles for city residents.

scholarly journals Genomic investigation of a dengue virus outbreak in Thiès, Senegal, in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Gaye ◽  
Tolla Ndiaye ◽  
Mouhamad Sy ◽  
Awa B. Deme ◽  
Alphonse B. Thiaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
The City

AbstractDengue virus is a major and rapidly growing public health concern in tropic and subtropic regions across the globe. In late 2018, Senegal experienced its largest dengue virus outbreak to date, covering several regions. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV) in Senegal. Here we report complete viral genomes from 17 previously undetected DENV cases from the city of Thiès. In total we identified 19 cases of DENV in a cohort of 198 individuals with fever collected in October and November 2018. We detected 3 co-circulating serotypes; DENV 3 was the most frequent accounting for 11/17 sequences (65%), 4 (23%) were DENV2 and 2 (12%) were DENV1. Sequences were most similar to recent sequences from West Africa, suggesting ongoing local circulation of viral populations; however, detailed inference is limited by the scarcity of available genomic data. We did not find clear associations with reported clinical signs or symptoms, highlighting the importance of testing for diagnosing febrile diseases. Overall, these findings expand the known range of DENV in Senegal, and underscore the need for better genomic characterization of DENV in West Africa.

scholarly journals Congruence pairs of principal MS-algebras and perfect extensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275-1288
Author(s):  
Abd El-Mohsen Badawy ◽  
Miroslav Haviar ◽  
Miroslav Ploščica
Keyword(s):  
Boolean Algebra ◽  
Congruence Lattices ◽  
Descriptive Solution ◽  
The One ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Congruence Pair

AbstractThe notion of a congruence pair for principal MS-algebras, simpler than the one given by Beazer for K2-algebras [6], is introduced. It is proved that the congruences of the principal MS-algebras L correspond to the MS-congruence pairs on simpler substructures L°° and D(L) of L that were associated to L in [4].An analogy of a well-known Grätzer’s problem [11: Problem 57] formulated for distributive p-algebras, which asks for a characterization of the congruence lattices in terms of the congruence pairs, is presented here for the principal MS-algebras (Problem 1). Unlike a recent solution to such a problem for the principal p-algebras in [2], it is demonstrated here on the class of principal MS-algebras, that a possible solution to the problem, though not very descriptive, can be simple and elegant.As a step to a more descriptive solution of Problem 1, a special case is then considered when a principal MS-algebra L is a perfect extension of its greatest Stone subalgebra LS. It is shown that this is exactly when de Morgan subalgebra L°° of L is a perfect extension of the Boolean algebra B(L). Two examples illustrating when this special case happens and when it does not are presented.

scholarly journals Insights into Mechanical Properties of the 1980 Irpinia Fault System from the Analysis of a Seismic Sequence

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Gaetano Festa ◽  
Guido Maria Adinolfi ◽  
Alessandro Caruso ◽  
Simona Colombelli ◽  
Grazia De Landro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Initiation Mechanism ◽  
Earthquake Early Warning Systems ◽  
The One

Seismic sequences are a powerful tool to locally infer geometrical and mechanical properties of faults and fault systems. In this study, we provided detailed location and characterization of events of the 3–7 July 2020 Irpinia sequence (southern Italy) that occurred at the northern tip of the main segment that ruptured during the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. Using an autocorrelation technique, we detected more than 340 events within the sequence, with local magnitude ranging between −0.5 and 3.0. We thus provided double difference locations, source parameter estimation, and focal mechanisms determination for the largest quality events. We found that the sequence ruptured an asperity with a size of about 800 m, along a fault structure having a strike compatible with the one of the main segments of the 1980 Irpinia earthquake, and a dip of 50–55° at depth of 10.5–12 km and 60–65° at shallower depths (7.5–9 km). Low stress drop release (average of 0.64 MPa) indicates a fluid-driven initiation mechanism of the sequence. We also evaluated the performance of the earthquake early warning systems running in real-time during the sequence, retrieving a minimum size for the blind zone in the area of about 15 km.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of Gold Mining Tailings and Their Potential to Generate Acid Mine Drainage (Minas Gerais, Brazil)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Mariana Lemos ◽  
Teresa Valente ◽  
Paula Marinho Reis ◽  
Rita Fonseca ◽  
Itamar Delbem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Tailing Dams ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

For more than 30 years, sulfide gold ores were treated in metallurgic plants located in Nova Lima, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and accumulated in the Cocoruto tailings dam. Both flotation and leaching tailings from a deactivated circuit, as well as roasted and leaching tailings from an ongoing plant, were studied for their acid mine drainage potential and elements’ mobility. Detailed characterization of both tailings types indicates the presence of fine-grain size material hosting substantial amounts of sulfides that exhibit distinct geochemical and mineralogical characteristics. The samples from the ongoing plant show high grades of Fe in the form of oxides, cyanide, and sulfates. Differently, samples from the old circuit shave higher average concentrations of Al (0.88%), Ca (2.4%), Mg (0.96%), and Mn (0.17%), present as silicates and carbonates. These samples also show relics of preserved sulfides, such as pyrite and pyrrhotite. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Au, and As are higher in the tailings of the ongoing circuit, while Cr and Hg stand out in the tailings of the deactivated circuit. Although the obtained results show that the sulfide wastes do not tend to generate acid mine drainage, leaching tests indicate the possibility of mobilization of toxic elements, namely As and Mn in the old circuit, and Sb, As, Fe, Ni, and Se in the tailings of the plant that still works. This work highlights the need for proper management and control of tailing dams even in alkaline drainage environments such as the one of the Cocoruto dam. Furthermore, strong knowledge of the tailings’ dynamics in terms of geochemistry and mineralogy would be pivotal to support long-term decisions on wastes management and disposal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document