scholarly journals Craftsmen, Artillery, and War Production in Renaissance Florence

Vulcan ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ansani
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Renaissance Florence ◽  
War Production ◽  
Public Demand

This article examines technological developments in the production of weapons, especially firearms, during the Florentine Quattrocento, from the early conflicts against the Visconti (1423–1433) until the first years of the Pisan War (1494–1499). The aim is an analysis of the qualitative standards achieved by gunmakers and gunpowder makers before and after the appearance and the assimilation of the most efficient French ordnance into Italian warfare. Data have been collected from the State Archive of Florence. Fiscal sources (catasto, decima) and the documentation of guilds (fabbri and speziali) provided the information on craftsmen and their workshops. The registers of military officers (Dieci di Balìa and Otto di Pratica) show the leading role that public demand played in the introduction of technical changes and innovative tools such as new furnaces, bronze cannons, cast iron shot, and corned powder. The same records provide information about the spread of innovations and the migration of artisans. The results of the research demonstrate that the commune actually enhanced its management of war production, fostering improvements in the fabrication of firearms and a significant growth in the weapons market. Numerous artisans were employed in manufacturing munitions and in supplying soldiers and fortresses, and some famous artists, such as Andrea del Verrocchio, may have been involved in casting beautiful firearms for the Florentine Republic in this period.

Questione morale e crisi di regime. La prima Repubblica italiana alla prova degli scandali (1992-1994)

2009 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Jean Lpuis Briquet
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Before And After

- According to the standard thesis, the political crisis in Italy between 1992 and 1994 and the collapse of the Christian Democrat regime are related to the revelation of corruption of the political elite by the judiciary. However, judicial revelations and corruption scandals have regularly occurred in Italy, before and after this crisis, without provoking a drastic political change and the reject of the political system by the electorate. Considering this paradox, the article suggests an alternate account of the 1992-1994 events that underline the way in which the political competition had been affected by the scandals: the moral crusades against corruption had in this period a political impact because they had been relayed and supported by emerging political actors in order to challenge the established elites and to claim a leading role in reshaping the political system.

CHRONICLE OF A COUP FORETOLD: VALENTINE MUSAKANYA AND THE 1980 COUP ATTEMPT IN ZAMBIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-409
Author(s):  
MILES LARMER
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
Political Prisoner ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Ruling Party ◽  
Coup Attempt

ABSTRACTZambia's unsuccessful coup attempt in 1980 was initiated by members of the country's intellectual and business elite, who had played a leading role in the postcolonial civil service and state bureaucracy, but who became disillusioned with the takeover of the state by the ruling party before and after the declaration of the one-party state in 1972. Among their number was Valentine Musakanya, one of those convicted for the coup attempt. Using Musakanya's biographical and other writings, this article explores his intellectual trajectory from head of the civil service to political prisoner. In so doing, it investigates the role of life writing in aiding understanding of the postcolonial political history of Africa.

scholarly journals The Neelovs Fond from the State Archive of the Smolensk Region: Russian Public Figures of the 19th Century in the Midst of Rural Everyday Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 995-1006
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Gorskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Body ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The Family ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes sources in the family fond “The Neelovs” from the State Archive of the Smolensk Region. The main body of documents relates to the history of the 19th century and has not yet been introduced into scientific use. The Neelovs, nobles of the Gzhatsk uezd, who were included in the first part of the genealogical book of the nobles of the Smolensk gubernia, participated in major events of the 19th century on national and regional level. The article is to describe the content of the fond and to assess the information potential of its sources for studying the history of a noble provincial family in the context of Russian history. It establishes that the documents differ in their origin and significance. Recordkeeping documents and those of personal provenance are numerous and informative. Among recordkeeping documents of particular interest are documents of economic nature and the Neelov brothers’ records of service; among sources of personal provenance of most interest are travel notes and epistolary heritage of the family members. There are numerous documents reflecting the Neelov brothers’ life and career, many of which concern well-known Russian professor of the Military Academy and writer N. D. Neelov and the director of the department of agriculture of the Ministry of State Property and Senator D.D. Neelov. The author concludes that the identified sources allow to recreate the history of a rural noble family before and after the abolition of seldom, to study its economic situation, culture, everyday life, and evolution of the social role of nobility in provincial life. The fond content also clarifies socio-economic processes in the midst of peasantry, history and repercussions of the major events of the 19th century: the war of 1812, the Polish uprising of 1831, preparation of the abolition of seldom, activities of the Zemstvo institutions; it helps to connect the history of the family and the history of the country.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Current News in Science Course on Students’ Perspective on Technological Developments in Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Gulbin Ozkan ◽  
Rabia Gul ◽  
Unsal Umdu Topsakal
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Single Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Data Content

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of using scientific news in science class on the perspective of 7th-grade middle school students against technological developments in science. In this study, a single group pre-test post-test experimental design was used. The research group of this study consists of 46 students studying in a public school in Istanbul. An open-ended questionnaire, in which students’ perspective on science and technology was developed, was used to collect the data. Content analysis was performed on the obtained data. A qualitative data collection tool was used to collect the data, but the frequencies of the responses were calculated and quantitatively converted into tables. As a result of the research, it observed a positive development in the scientific perspective of the students before and after the implementation. It was concluded that the students had the answers in the post-test that technology developed science and society and gained awareness about the importance of technology. In light of the findings, suggestions are presented

Enhancement of the Gray Cast Iron Properties by Adding Chromium Element

2017 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
Awad Eisa Gaib Alla Mohamed ◽  
Khairi Abdulsalam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures

In this paper the effect of chromium element on some mechanical properties of gray cast iron is studied .The work was divided in to four categories, each category has three samples; each sample has three different chromium content 0.0%, 1.7%, 3.7%. The mechanical properties were investigated (hardness and impact) before and after the heat treatment. The heat treatment was carried out for period of 12 minutes at two different temperatures. The results confirmed that durability, toughness, and hardness are proportional to the chromium content. The ultimate aim of this research is to enhance the mechanical properties of gray cast iron by adding chromium element.

scholarly journals L2-CalSat: A Calibration Satellite for Ultra-Sensitive CMB Polarization Space Missions

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3361
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Casas ◽  
Enrique Martínez-González ◽  
Juan Bermejo-Ballesteros ◽  
Sergio García ◽  
Javier Cubas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Reference Signal ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Polarization Component ◽  
Cmb Polarization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
New Generation

In this work, the use of a calibration satellite (L2-CalSat) flying in formation with a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization mission in an orbit located at the second Lagrange point, is proposed. The new generation of CMB telescopes are expected to reach unprecedented levels of sensitivity to allow a very precise measurement of the B-mode of polarization, the curl-like polarization component expected from gravitational waves coming from Starobinski inflationary models. Due to the CMB polarized signal weakness, the instruments must be subjected to very precise calibration processes before and after launching. Celestial sources are often used as external references for calibration after launch, but these sources are not perfectly characterized. As a baseline option, L2-CalSat is based on the CubeSat standard and serves as a perfectly known source of a reference signal to reduce polarization measurements uncertainty. A preliminary design of L2-CalSat is described and, according to the scanning strategy followed by the telescope, the influence of the relative position between the spacecrafts in the calibration process is studied. This new calibration element will have a huge impact on the performance of CMB space missions, providing a significant improvement in the measurements accuracy without requiring new and costly technological developments.

scholarly journals Gamificación en el desarrollo de la competencia matemática: Plantear y Resolver Problemas

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Macías Espinales
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Mathematical Competence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Innovación Educativa ◽  
Teaching Learning

En el contexto de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las Matemáticas, la autora identificó el problema, bajo desempeño académico en estudiantes de Primero de Bachillerato General Unificado (1ero BGU), de ahí que surge la propuesta de implementar una innovación educativa cuyo objetivo se centró en mejorar el desempeño académico, en función del desarrollo de la competencia matemática: Plantear y Resolver Problemas, e incrementar la motivación por el aprendizaje, utilizando estrategias de Gamificación a través de la plataforma Rezzly. Con respecto a la metodología, se trató de una investigación-acción que aplicó el método teórico hipotético-deductivo con un enfoque Mixto (Cuantitativo y Cualitativo –transversal-); empleó un diseño pre-experimental con pre y pos prueba a un solo grupo de 49 participantes. Acerca de los resultados, la prueba t-Student para dos muestras relacionadas corroboró una variación en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes, antes y después de la innovación (preprueba: 3,91; posprueba: 8,33). Al final se concluyó que aplicar la estrategia de Gamificación como apoyo a las clases presenciales y con un papel protagónico en las clases virtuales desarrolla la competencia matemática: Plantear y Resolver Problemas, mejora el desempeño académico e incrementa la motivación en los estudiantes. Palabras claves: innovación educativa, innovación tecnológica, competencia matemática: Plantear y Resolver Problemas, motivación, Rezzly. Summary In the context of teaching-learning of Mathematics, the author identified the problem, under academic performance in First Unified General Baccalaureate students (1st BGU). Hence, the proposal to implement an educational innovation whose objective was focused on improving academic performance, based on the development of mathematical competence: pose and solve problems, and increase the motivation for learning, using Gamification strategies through the Rezzly platform. With respect to the methodology, it was an action research that applied the hypothetical-deductive theoretical method with a Mixed (Quantitative and Qualitative -transversal-) approach; used a pre-experimental design with pre and post test to a single group of 49 participants. About the results, the t-Student test for two related samples corroborated a variation in students' academic performance, before and after the innovation (pre-test: 3.91, post-test: 8.33). In the end it was concluded that applying the Gamification strategy as a support to face-to-face classes and with a leading role in the virtual classes develops the mathematical competence: pose and solve problems, improve academic performance and increase student motivation. Keywords: educational innovation, technological innovation, mathematical competence: pose and solve problems, motivation, Rezzly. PARTICIPACIÓN EN LA PUBLICACIÓN: Autor: Adriana Macías Espinales, MSc.

scholarly journals Accessing and engaging with video streams for educational purposes: experiences, issues and concerns

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Bracher ◽  
Richard Collier ◽  
Roger Ottewill ◽  
Kerry Shepard
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Multiple Channels ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Moving Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
Back Care ◽  
The University

Video streaming has the potential to offer tutors a more flexible and accessible means of incorporating moving images into learning resources for their students than conventional video. Consideration is given to this assertion by drawing upon the experiences of staff and evidence from students at the University of Southampton in the use of a video, Back Care for Health Professionals, before and after it was streamed. The resulting case study highlights various issues and concerns, both logistical and pedagogic. These include ease of access, the form and frequency of guidance with respect to technical matters, the use of multiple channels of communication to convey key messages about the availability and value of the video, and the provision of demonstrations or ‘tasters’. In other words, what some might regard as the ‘softer’ aspects of technological developments should receive at least as much attention as the ‘harder’.DOI: 10.1080/09687760500104161

scholarly journals Analysis Of Stock Price In Retail Company That Applying E-Commerce In Idx

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwis Salwis
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Retail Company

Abstract            Retail companies have an important role in helping the economy of a country, but in the era of globalization like today every company must prepare a new strategy, especially retail companies because they see the current rapid technological developments. They must provide a product service system that is online-based (E-commerce) because the purchasing power or level of public consumption to retail companies decreases due to the provision of products in the online-based business is not inferior to retail companies. The purpose of the research is to find out the differences in the stock price of retail companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange before and after implementing E-commerce. In this study using a quantitative approach with hypothesis testing using Paired Samples T-Test. The results showed that at PT. Matahari Department Store Tbk there are significant negative differences in stock prices before and after implementing E-commerce, PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk shows that there are no significant negative differences in stock prices before and after implementing E-commerce and PT. Mitra Adiperkasa Tbk shows that there are significant positive differences in stock prices before and after implementing E-commerce. Keywords : Stock Price, Retail Companies, E-Commerce.

scholarly journals Climatic factors of the Volga runoff variability in the second half of 20th – early 21st centuries

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
V. V. Popova ◽  
E. D. Babina ◽  
A. G. Georgiadi
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Spring Runoff ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Warming Hiatus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual Amount ◽  
Liquid Precipitation

The relation of the Volga runoff to the change of climatic factors, significant for the river runoff, is considered since the middle of the last century. The quantitative estimates of the impact of precipitation anomalies (taking into account the solid and liquid phase) on the variability of the annual runoff of the Volga show that the leading role of solid precipitation is detected in the period preceding the current warming (from the early 1950s to the mid-1970s), and also from the mid-1990s, with the onset of warming hiatus. From the mid-1970s to the 1990s, during the period of winter temperature growth, a significant increase in the role of liquid precipitation and their dominance in the variability of the Volga's runoff is observed. The differences between these periods are also noticeable in the percentage of liquid precipitation in the annual amount, which in turn has an ambiguous effect on the spring runoff of the Volga. The long-term trends of spring runoff and the share of liquid precipitation (in annual amount) before and after the mid-1970s coincide in sign. In the same time, there is a negative correlation between the anomalies of these parameters in interannual scale. The last indicates a decrease in the volume of runoff in the years of increasing the proportion of liquid precipitation.  

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