基层档案揭示的农业合化作运动：以江苏省宝应县为例 1953–1957

Rural China ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-305
Keyword(s):  
Rural China ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Ordinary Sense ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Resistance Forces ◽  
Shed Light

Agricultural collectivization was a movement in the early 1950s that profoundly changed the traditional methods of production and lifestyle in rural China. Drawing on original archives from Baoying county of Jiangsu province, this article delves into the actual implementation of, and resistance by different stratum of the peasantry to, this movement. The wealth of archival data and details included in this study shed light on the multifaceted realities of the movement that have been obscured in past studies, in particular, the complexity of the mentality of the peasants and their various forms of resistance, as well as the efforts by government officials to divide and put down the resistance forces and carry out the state’s policies. These data further enable an in-depth analysis of the basic issues about agricultural collectivization. It is shown that this movement was more than a transformation of economic institutions in the ordinary sense; it involved intense political struggles. 上世纪五十年代初开始的农业合作化运动深深改变了中国农民传统的生产生活方式。本文以江苏省宝应县的原始档案为依据，试图从底层的角度探究这一运动的具体实施过程，以及各阶层农民对这一运动的真实反应。本文以大量数据和细节揭示了农业合作化运动的多重面相，特别是以往研究中被忽视的部分，如农民对这一运动的复杂心态和种种抗争，以及当政者如何分化瓦解各种反对力量、步步推进其政策的过程。基于这些事实，本文就农业合作化运动中存在的基本问题进行了讨论，并提出这场运动已经超越了一般经济制度的改革，其实质是一场严峻的政治斗争。 (This article is in Chinese.)

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE AMARNA LETTERS TOWARDS A STUDY OF SYRO-PALESTINIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE (1). TERMINOLOGY FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 788-832
Author(s):  
Lukas M. Muntingh
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Social ◽  
Amarna Letters ◽  
Free People ◽  
Shed Light

Egyptian domination under the 18th and 19th Dynasties deeply influenced political and social life in Syria and Palestine. The correspondence between Egypt and her vassals in Syria and Palestine in the Amarna age, first half of the fourteenth century B.C., preserved for us in the Amarna letters, written in cuneiform on clay tablets discovered in 1887, offer several terms that can shed light on the social structure during the Late Bronze Age. In the social stratification of Syria and Palestine under Egyptian rule according to the Amarna letters, three classes are discernible:1) government officials and military personnel, 2) free people, and 3) half-free people and slaves. In this study, I shall limit myself to the first, the upper class. This article deals with terminology for government officials.

Financing political parties in Africa: the case of Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-317
Author(s):  
Chipo Dendere
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Political Finance ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opposition Parties

AbstractWhat is the impact of access to political party finance – money that parties use to fund their campaign activities – on politics in Africa? While multiparty elections have become more regular in the developing world, many opposition parties are still failing to win elections. This paper argues that poor access to political finance weakens democratic consolidation and negatively impacts the participation of less-resourced candidates who are unable to self-fund. As a result, opposition parties are forced to rely on weak promises of aid from international donors and unreliable state funding. This in-depth analysis of political finance, based on extensive interviews with politicians and government officials in Zimbabwe, political documents, news reports and a review of court cases, reveals that uneven financing has weakened opposition parties and serves as an extra advantage for incumbents.

scholarly journals Women vaqfs in the sixteenth-century Sanjak of Krusevac (Alaca Hisâr)

Balcanica ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Dragana Amedoski
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Shed Light

The role of the vaqf in the Ottoman Empire, as in the whole Islamic world, was quite significant, especially in a period marked by the founding of new orien?tal settlements. The first endowers in the newly-conquered lands were sultans, begs and prominent government officials. Affluent citizens also took part in endowing their cities, and women are known to have been among them. The aim of the paper, based on Ottoman sources, is to shed light on the participation of Muslim women in this kind of humanitarian and lucrative activity using the example of the Sanjak of Krusevac (Alaca His?r) in the sixteenth century.

Color and Casta in the Andean Silver Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-293
Author(s):  
Allison Margaret Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Refractory Ores ◽  
Shed Light

Amalgamation technologies allowed refiners throughout colonial Latin America to profitably extract silver from a wider variety of metals, including even the most refractory ores. These expanded processing capabilities meant that mineral classification and sorting became even more important, as metallurgists had to identify which silver metals to treat with traditional methods and which ones to refine by amalgamation. The vocabularies used to classify metals provide critical evidence of Indigenous contributions to silver refining in the seventeenth century. By tracing the incorporation and removal of Andean color and spatial vocabularies, this chapter shows how scientific writers and translators replaced Indigenous classifications of matter with a racialized language of metallic “castas” that included “pacos,” “mulatos,” and “negrillos.” The chapter concludes by suggesting how a reading of color signatures in khipus might shed light on Andean miners’ experiences in ways that traditional historiographic methods have not yet allowed.

Networked Collective Action and the Impeachment of President Park

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-98
Author(s):  
Hyunjin Seo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Affective Content ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Civic Organizations ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
News Organizations

This chapter offers a detailed analysis of online and offline interactions and information exchanges that took place in organizing candlelight vigils in 2016–2017 that contributed to the impeachment of President Park Geun-hye. Interactions between agents and affordances resulted in the nation’s first removal of a president through impeachment processes. Key agents—in particular, journalists, social media influencers, citizens, activists, news organizations, and civic organizations—interacted to produce, share, and amplify cognitive and affective content resulting in massive citizen participation in candlelight vigils for 20 consecutive weeks. It provides an in-depth analysis of these and related issues based on interviews with journalists, activists, citizens, government officials, and technology company representatives and experts. The interview data are triangulated using analyses of news reports and social media posts.

The Rise of Hindu Nationalism in India: The Case Study of Ahmedabad in the 1980s

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
ORNIT SHANI
Keyword(s):  
Hindu Nationalism ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Communal Violence ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Shed Light

The massacre of Muslims in Ahmedabad and throughout Gujarat in February 2002 demonstrated the challenge of Hindu nationalism to India's democracy and secularism. There is increasing evidence to suggest that government officials openly aided the killings of the Muslim minority by members of militant Hindu organisations. The Gujarat government's intervention did little to stop the carnage. The communalism that was witnessed in 2002 had its roots in the mid-1980s. Since then, militant Hindu nationalism and recurring communal violence arose in Ahmedabad and throughout Gujarat. This study aims to shed light on the rise and nature of communalism since the mid-1980s.

In depth analysis of kinase cross screening data to identify chemical starting points for inhibition of the nek family of kinases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrow I. Wells ◽  
Nirav R. Kapadia ◽  
Rafael M. Couñago ◽  
David H. Drewry
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Chemical Probes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractPotent, selective, and cell active small molecule kinase inhibitors are useful tools to help unravel the complexities of kinase signaling. As the biological functions of individual kinases become better understood, they can become targets of drug discovery efforts. The small molecules used to shed light on function can also then serve as chemical starting points in these drug discovery efforts. The Nek family of kinases has received very little attention, as judged by number of citations in PubMed, yet they appear to play many key roles and have been implicated in disease. Here we present our work to identify high quality chemical starting points that have emerged due to the increased incidence of broad kinome screening. We anticipate that this analysis will allow the community to progress towards the generation of chemical probes and eventually drugs that target members of the Nek family.

scholarly journals Overtourism and tourismphobia

Tourism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medéia Veríssimo ◽  
Michelle Moraes ◽  
Zélia Breda ◽  
Alan Guizi ◽  
Carlos Costa
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Web

This paper aims at examining how overtourism and tourismphobia are being approached as emergent research topics in current tourism literature. It conducts an analysis of 154 documents, indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection and Scopus databases. The study follows a quantitative and qualitative approach, with the support of VOSviewer and HistCite softwares for a descriptive content analysis. The analysis focuses on highlighting important aspects in terms of the most frequent publication sources (authors and journals); co-citation, as well as dimensions and research streams; methodologies used; results obtained; and implications for future research. The literature review unveiled that the concepts of overtourism and tourismphobia are usually related to destinations’ development, negative impacts, and tourism policies and regulation. Results show that, although tourism excesses and conflicts have been studied for long, ‘overtourism’ and ‘tourismphobia’ have become usual terms, mainly within the past three years. Even though the adoption of the terms can be considered by some as a ‘trend’, the in-depth analysis of the topics shed light on how ‘old’ concepts can evolve to adapt to contemporary tourism issues. Further studies are needed in tracking the evolution of these topics and their implications on the future of tourism.

‘There is no alternative’: How Italian and Spanish leaders’ discourse obscured the political nature of austerity

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Borriello
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policies ◽  
Hegemonic Discourse ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Heads Of Government ◽  
Shed Light

The Eurozone crisis and the remarkable convergence of national governments towards austerity policies draw scholars’ attention to the discursive strategies that they have used in order to legitimate their economic decisions. This article studies the common features of austerity discourse beyond national and partisan boundaries. It relies on an in-depth analysis combining lexicography and the study of metaphors in speeches of the Italian and Spanish heads of government between 2011 and 2013. While drawing on recent work addressing the legitimation of economic policies, this research takes a step back in order to shed light on the broader discourse on which austerity policies rely and in order to explain the common patterns in various political actors’ discourse. Rooted in a post-foundational approach, it identifies several discursive strategies for depoliticising economic issues (e.g. the construction of an economic common sense, the appeal to external constraints and the metaphorical naturalisation of economics), thus unveiling their political nature. The ‘restructuring’ and ‘rescaling’ of social practices are identified as the main mechanisms pertaining to the articulation of such a broader hegemonic discourse.

March of the chekists: Beria’s secret police patronage network and Soviet crypto-politics

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Blauvelt
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Secret Police ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Stalin Era ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Civilian Leadership ◽  
Shed Light

Lavrentii Beria built up one of the most powerful patronage networks in Soviet history. Its success represents a unique case in Soviet history in which a regionally based secret police patron-client network, comprised primarily of representatives of ethnic minorities, took control first of the civilian leadership of one of the major regions of the Union, and then of the most powerful institution in the USSR, the national secret police, and subsequently became one of the main competing factions in the “crypto-politics” of the late-Stalin era. The fact that the Beria network emerged from the secret police gave it certain advantages in the political struggles of the period, but it also held weaknesses that played a role in Beria’s final undoing. The evolution and political struggles of Beria’s network also shed light on the inner workings of the competition among informal networks that made up the crypto-politics of the period. Using recent memoirs, new archival sources and interviews, this article will examine how Beria developed, managed and advanced his informal network, giving particular attention to the specific and unique outcomes that resulted from the rooting of this network in the secret police, at five critical junctures in Beria’s career.

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