Some Reflections on the Ancient Metallurgy of Sumhuram (Sultanate of Oman)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Michele Degli Esposti ◽  
Alexia Pavan
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
Ancient Metallurgy ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Multidisciplinary research on the metallurgy-related items and features from the ancient South Arabian harbour of Sumhuram, in southern Oman, have shed light on ancient copper and iron production and use at the site, pointing out what appears to be a definitely unusual practice in particular for what concerns copper alloying. In this paper, the archaeometallurgical data are summarised and discussed with the aim of showing that the existence of a copper working tradition specific to South Arabian centres can be tentatively postulated and that at least two different networks of metal production and exchange probably existed, centred on the opposite sides of the southern Arabian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in the Sultanate of Oman

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Al-Sinawi ◽  
Samir Al-Adawi
Keyword(s):  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
The South ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Linguistic Groups

The Sultanate of Oman is located in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula. It has a distinctive history and subcultures. Its seafaring tradition has endowed the country with various ethnic and linguistic groups, with Arabic being a dominant language and Ibadhi being the dominant sect of Islam (Al-Nami, 1971). Oman in the 1970s saw rapid development, triggered by the discovery of oil, which took place under enlightened new political leadership.

Possibilities Reducing of Energy Consumption by Cast Iron Production in Foundry

2020 ◽  
Vol 998 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Peter Futaš ◽  
Alena Pribulová ◽  
Marcela Pokusova
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Electric Induction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Metal Melting

Modern metal melting includes of cast iron production in different types furnaces with specific characteristics. Furnaces usually adopted are cupola and induction furnaces. Casting cast iron is a manufacturing process characterized by its energy-intensive nature (ie, the use of large amounts of energy per unit of product for main activities) and a long tradition. An example of the energy balance in a foundry is the design of procedures to reduce energy consumption. The most important is the consumption of energy in the production of hot metals (52%), therefore reducing the cost of preparing hot metal is especially important by reducing the energy consumption of metal melting. The most important energy cost practices are the consumption of hot metal to produce 1mt of high quality castings (often 1700 kg) and reduce the energy consumption of hot metal production that varies over a wide range (from 500 to 1300 kWh/mt). Although scientific and technological aspects are now well established, new studies seem to be needed to describe "foundry of the future", where energy and material efficiency is of great importance to ensure competitiveness alongside environmental protection. The paper presents specific procedures for reducing both economically important indicators in cupola and electric induction furnaces.

scholarly journals Water Institutional Arrangements of FalajAl Daris in the Sultanate of Oman

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salim Al-Marshoudi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
Definition Of

Oman, which is located on the Southern East of Arabian Peninsula, classified as holding a semi-arid climate with an average annual rainfall of 100 mm. Therefore, agricultural production in Oman is fully dependent in irrigation. More than one third is supplied by the ancient aflaj (sing. Falaj), which provide 680 x 106 m3 of water per year and irrigate of an area of 26,500 ha. There is two commonly known definition of the aflaj; the locally defined from the classic Arabic root as to divide the water among its shareholders. In addition, the modern technical definition as trenches and tunnels, which are dug in the ground, to convey the accumulated rainfall water table to the irrigated area in the villages. This study explore some of the existing institutional arrangements found within Falajdaris, at the waliyat (city) of Nizwalocated in the Dakhillya governmental, Sultanate of Oman. This study uses mainly face-To-face interviews with local administrative falaj agents to explore and discuss the most operated mechanized of the institutional arrangements. The study concluded that there is strong relationship between FalajDaris institutional arrangements development and physical water variability. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-1: 31-42

scholarly journals Engaging with the Natural Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Johanna Kujala ◽  
Anna Heikkinen ◽  
Jere Nieminen ◽  
Ari Jokinen ◽  
Riikka Tapaninaho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Urban Nature ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Strong Sustainability ◽  
Shed Light

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the debate on how nature can be understood as a stakeholder and to develop the idea of nature-inclusive stakeholder engagement. While acknowledging the arguments against the stakeholder status of nature, we build on a growing stream of literature that argues that nature should and can have stakeholder status. To move beyond the arguments for and against the stakeholder status of nature, we suggest the idea of nature-inclusive stakeholder engagement that builds on the ideas of strong sustainability and ecocentrism. We suggest, first, that urban nature as an ideal context for the empirical examination of the nature-inclusive stakeholder engagement. Second, we claim that multidisciplinary research is needed to understand the nature-inclusive stakeholder engagement. Third, we highlight that specification of the particularities of nature is needed when speaking about the nature-inclusive stakeholder engagement.

scholarly journals Identifying Influencers in Social Networks

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Huang ◽  
Dongming Chen ◽  
Dongqi Wang ◽  
Tao Ren
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Shed Light

Social network analysis is a multidisciplinary research covering informatics, mathematics, sociology, management, psychology, etc. In the last decade, the development of online social media has provided individuals with a fascinating platform of sharing knowledge and interests. The emergence of various social networks has greatly enriched our daily life, and simultaneously, it brings a challenging task to identify influencers among multiple social networks. The key problem lies in the various interactions among individuals and huge data scale. Aiming at solving the problem, this paper employs a general multilayer network model to represent the multiple social networks, and then proposes the node influence indicator merely based on the local neighboring information. Extensive experiments on 21 real-world datasets are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method, which shows superiority to the competitors. It is of remarkable significance in revealing the evolutions in social networks and we hope this work will shed light for more and more forthcoming researchers to further explore the uncharted part of this promising field.

scholarly journals The Right to Litigation as a Prisoner Serving Sentence

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rashid Hamed Al Balushi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Right ◽  
Shed Light

In the Sultanate of Oman, as well as many other countries around the world, the treatment of prisoners underwent many similar stages of change. The most popular form of punishment was inflicting bodily harm, a punishment solely based on condemning the convicted more than enforcing actual reform and change. This approach in return created an atmosphere of lack of education and knowledge in the prison system, however this situation changed when a new era dawned on the Sultanate, on the 23rd of November 1970, led by His Highness Sultan Qaboos bin Said, providing a new approach to the system of prisons and rule of punishments. This change was brought forth and delegated by the country’s Penal Code 1974/7, Prison Law 94/48, Penal Code Procedures 1999/97s and the Prison law implementing regulations guide 2009/56 on the enforcement of penalties. This research will shed light on the issue of claiming the right to litigate as a fundamental right for prisoners when serving their sentence as the right to bring forth a legal action is one of the most important civil rights a prisoner can have when serving their sentence; a right that is also embedded in the country’s basic statue for every citizen and resident. This involves giving the prisoner access to contact judicial authorities or a defense representative. The research will approach this matter as a whole by clarifying the main issue and factors involved with reference to the law. The research is divided into three main discussion areas, the first being the prisoner’s right to contact judicial authorities for defense during the enforcement of their penalty. The second area will study the prisoner’s right on interpleading in penal enforcement, whilst the third will examine the prisoner’s right to appeal Supreme Court, the right to judicial review made while the prisoner is still serving their current sentence. The research will conclude with my findings as well as recommendations. 

scholarly journals INDUSTRIES OF ANGKOR PROJECT: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF IRON PRODUCTION AT BOENG KROAM, PREAH KHAN OF KOMPONG SVAY

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Hendrickson ◽  
T. O. Pryce ◽  
Till Sonnemann ◽  
Kaseka Phon ◽  
Quan Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Iron Smelting ◽  
Iron Workers ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
Ground Penetrating

<p>The Industries of Angkor Project (INDAP) is the first intensive investigation into the history and role of iron production at Preah Khan of Kompong Svay (Preah Khan), the largest regional enclosure complex built by the Angkorian Khmer (9<sup>th</sup> to 15<sup>th</sup> c. CE) in Cambodia. We present the initial multidisciplinary research of the primary iron smelting sites located on Boeng Kroam, a large reservoir located north of Preah Khan’s central temple complex. Ground-penetrating radar surveys and excavation at Location 1, a slag concentration on top of the reservoir bank, revealed that it is a deposit of metallurgical waste from a nearby furnace. Multiple radiocarbon dates from Location 1 indicate that the smelting activities took place in the early 15<sup>th</sup> century during the time of Angkor’s ultimate collapse as the political centre of the Khmer world. This indicates a re-use of spaces by iron workers after the primary occupation of Preah Khan between the 11<sup>th</sup> and 13<sup>th</sup> centuries.</p>

scholarly journals First record of the genus Oodera Westwood, 1874 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae, Cleonyminae, Ooderini) from the Arabian Peninsula, with the description of four new species

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Soliman ◽  
Neveen S. Gadallah ◽  
Hathal M. Al Dhafer
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

The genus Oodera Westwood, 1874 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae, Cleonyminae) is recorded for the first time for the Arabian Peninsula, from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Sultanate of Oman. The present study is based on specimens reared from xylophagous beetle larvae of the family Buprestidae (Coleoptera) infesting dead Acacia trees from Al-Dakhiliyah and Dhofar governorates in Oman and Al-Baha, Asir and Riyadh regions in Saudi Arabia. Four new species, Oodera arabicasp. nov., O. omanensissp. nov., O. rapuzziisp. nov., and O. similissp. nov. are described, illustrated and compared with closely related Oodera species. An illustrated key and the xylophagous host records of the species are also provided.

scholarly journals Detecting and Mapping Slag Heaps at Ancient Copper Production Sites in Oman

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Sivitskis ◽  
Joseph W. Lehner ◽  
Michael J. Harrower ◽  
Ioana A. Dumitru ◽  
Paige E. Paulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Multispectral Satellite Imagery ◽  
Ancient Metallurgy

This study presents a new approach for detection and mapping of ancient slag heaps using 16-band multispectral satellite imagery. Understanding the distribution of slag (a byproduct of metal production) is of great importance for understanding how metallurgy shaped long-term economic and political change across the ancient Near East. This study presents results of slag mapping in Oman using WorldView-3 (WV3) satellite imagery. A semi-automated target detection routine using a mixed tuned matched filtering (MTMF) algorithm with scene-derived spectral signatures was applied to 16-band WV3 imagery. Associated field mapping at two copper production sites indicates that WorldView-3 satellite data can differentiate slag and background materials with a relatively high (>90%) overall accuracy. Although this method shows promise for future initiatives to discover and map slag deposits, difficulties in dark object spectral differentiation and underestimation of total slag coverage substantially limit its use. Resulting lower estimations of combined user’s (61%) and producer’s (45%) accuracies contextualize these limitations for slag specific classification. Accordingly, we describe potential approaches to address these challenges in future studies. As sites of ancient metallurgy in Oman are often located in areas of modern exploration and mining, detection and mapping of ancient slag heaps via satellite imagery can be helpful for discovery and monitoring of vulnerable cultural heritage sites.

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