Water Institutional Arrangements of FalajAl Daris in the Sultanate of Oman

Oman, which is located on the Southern East of Arabian Peninsula, classified as holding a semi-arid climate with an average annual rainfall of 100 mm. Therefore, agricultural production in Oman is fully dependent in irrigation. More than one third is supplied by the ancient aflaj (sing. Falaj), which provide 680 x 106 m3 of water per year and irrigate of an area of 26,500 ha. There is two commonly known definition of the aflaj; the locally defined from the classic Arabic root as to divide the water among its shareholders. In addition, the modern technical definition as trenches and tunnels, which are dug in the ground, to convey the accumulated rainfall water table to the irrigated area in the villages. This study explore some of the existing institutional arrangements found within Falajdaris, at the waliyat (city) of Nizwalocated in the Dakhillya governmental, Sultanate of Oman. This study uses mainly face-To-face interviews with local administrative falaj agents to explore and discuss the most operated mechanized of the institutional arrangements. The study concluded that there is strong relationship between FalajDaris institutional arrangements development and physical water variability. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-1: 31-42

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Cretaceous ammonites from the Sultanate of Oman (Adam Foothills)

GeoArabia ◽

10.2113/geoarabia200219 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 19-74

Author(s):

Christian Meister ◽

André Piuz

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

North Africa ◽

Arabian Peninsula ◽

Point Of View ◽

Sultanate Of Oman ◽

Lithostratigraphic Units ◽

Definition Of ◽

First Time

ABSTRACT Twenty taxa are described from the Cretaceous of Oman (Adam Foothills). The genera Puzosia, Placenticeras, Cunningtoniceras, Nigericeras, Metoicoceras, Rubroceras and Hoplitoides and the subgenus C. (Gentoniceras) are recorded for the first time from the Arabian Peninsula. Based on the ammonite ranges, a sequence of nine bioevents of the Albian–Turonian is correlated within the zonation, and some markers allow correlations at a larger scale, at least along the southern Neo-Tethys margin. The ammonite data give new constraints for the correlations of the lithological units along the Adam Foothills West-East transect and they question the definition of the lithostratigraphic units within the Natih Formation, especially the Natih A and B members. From a paleogeographic point of view Oman is a landmark for the distribution of the ammonites between the western Neo-Tethys (Europe, North Africa, Middle East) and the eastern Neo-Tethys (Africa, Madagascar and India).

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METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO SEARCH FOR RESERVES OF DECREASING COSTS IN THE BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2019-28-3-118-122 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Method Of Calculation ◽

Prime Cost ◽

Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Definition Of ◽

Qualitative Characteristics

In this article approaches to search for reserves of decrease in cost of agricultural production are considered. The methods of cost calculation of dairy cattle breeding products used at the studied enter-prise are analysed, short characteristic of the standard method offered by the Ministry of Agriculture is given, and calculations of alternative options are also carried out. Today creation of accounting of a production unit is very important so that not only weight units must be considered in it, but also the quali-tative structure of products must be reflected. Definition of qualitative characteristics and technological properties by production of milk which depend on use purposes can be an example. The raw materials consumption on a unit of production and its quality and also firmness of storage depends on technologi-cal properties of milk. At calculation of prime cost taking into account qualitative characteristics for cal-culation milk in terms of basic fat content undertakes. The method of calculation of prime cost consider-ing qualitative characteristics is the most expedient as prime cost of 1 c of milk unlike the operating tech-nique is lower. In the article analytical methods of reserves calculation for decrease in prime cost taking into account various factors are proved. The revealed reserves will allow an enterprise to expand its in-vestment opportunities in the future, they will give an additional incentive of modernization of the worn-out machinery and equipment in branches of agriculture.

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Looking for Answers to Food Loss and Waste Management in Spain from a Holistic Nutritional and Economic Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Jara Laso ◽

Cristina Campos ◽

Ana Fernández-Ríos ◽

Daniel Hoehn ◽

Andrea del Río ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Economic Approach ◽

Multi Objective Optimization ◽

Food Supply Chain ◽

Food Loss ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

Definition Of ◽

New Strategies ◽

Specific Food

The generation of food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem for worldwide politics. About one-third of the food produced ends up in the rubbish before it is consumed. For this reason, it is essential to design and implement new strategies along the food supply chain (FSC) with the aim of reducing this FLW at each stage. However, not only mass quantification should be considered, but also economic and nutritional performance. The novelty of this study is the definition of a methodology based on the “distance to target” approach by means of multi-objective optimization to evaluate the economic and nutritional cost produced by this FLW. This methodology was applied to the Spanish food basket in 2015. The results revealed that 80% of the total FLW generated in economic and nutritional terms is concentrated in the agricultural production (53.3%) and consumption (26.3%) stages. In the first stages of the FSC, fruits (Dn eq.= 0.7), cereals (Dn eq.= 0.61), and vegetables (Dn eq.= 0.57) were the furthest from the distance target due to the great amount of FLW generated. Moreover, according to the normalized weighted distances obtained from the minimization of economic and nutritional cost, pulses (Dn eq. = 0.05–0.03) and eggs (Dn eq. = 0.02) were the more efficient food categories. The methodology described in this study proposes a single index to quantify the economic and nutritional cost of different food categories to facilitate the decision-making process. This index makes possible the definition of reduction strategies focused on specific food categories and depending on the FSC stage.

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Rationality revisited: Politicisation through planning rationality against the rationality of power

Planning Theory ◽

10.1177/14730952211001103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147309522110011

Author(s):

Esin Özdemir

Keyword(s):

Public Interest ◽

General Position ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Planning Theory ◽

The Political ◽

Rational Thinking ◽

Liberal Democracies ◽

Substantive Issue ◽

Rational Consensus ◽

Definition Of

In this article, I readdress the issue of rationality, which has been so far considered in western liberal democracies and in planning theory as procedural, and more recently as post-political in the post-foundational approach, aiming to show how it can gain a substantive and politicising character. I first discuss the problems and limits of the treatment of rational thinking as well as rational consensus-seeking as merely procedural and post-political. Secondly, utilising the notion of Realrationalität of Flyvbjerg, I discuss how rationality attains a politicising role due to its strong relationship with power. Using the concept of planning rationality aiming at public interest, I present the general position and actions of professional organisations in Turkey, focusing on the Chamber of City Planners, as an example illustrative of my argument. I finally argue that rationality becomes a substantive issue that politicizes planning, when it is put forward as an alternative to authoritarian market logic. In doing so, I adopt the Rancièrian definition of the political, defined as disclosure of a wrong and staging of equality. In conclusion, I first emphasize the importance of avoiding quick rejections of the concepts of rationality and consensus in the framework of planning activity and planning theory and secondly, call for a broader definition of the political; the political that is not confined to conflict but is open to rational thinking and rational consensus.

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Tra ruralizzazione ed urbanizzazione: progetti integrati cittŕ-campagna

TERRITORIO ◽

10.3280/tr2009-049025 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 171-177

Author(s):

Alessandra Giannini

Keyword(s):

Urban Agriculture ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Rural Life ◽

Rural Living ◽

Marginal Areas ◽

Country Life ◽

The Subject ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

- Country life is (and has been) the object of utopian visions, set against the rise of urban living. The paradigms of the myth of rural life can be traced back to Howard's Garden City and to Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City. These examples of the paradigm blend into a broader and trans-disciplinary contemporary discourse on the myth of rural living. Since the end of the 1990s, the subject of the relationship between the rural and the urban has developed into plans that could be called ‘country utopias'. The system of agricultural production and the countryside is evolving today towards new forms of integration and hybridisation with urban areas. Planning practices are emerging today in the definition of the characters and traits of urban agriculture designed to create town and country interaction particularly in marginal areas, strips located on the borders between town and country. These modifications are leading to the definition of new rural figures, together with plans capable of giving new life to liminal and marginal areas between town and country by creating new models of ‘rururban' living.

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ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.08.01.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 72-78

Author(s):

T. V. GRISHINA ◽

◽

N. V. ZAMYATKINA ◽

Yu. A. YUKHLINA ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Digital Transformation ◽

Innovative Development ◽

Classification Feature ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

New Type ◽

Definition Of

The article highlights the theoretical approaches to the definition of the concepts of small and medium-sized businesses. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to solve the problem of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector in the context of digital transformation, the development and justification of directions for improving its development. The scientific novelty of the study is the formation of a complex for assessing the development of small forms of agricultural production, which allows us to develop priority strategic directions of development, including aspects of modernization of agricultural production and innovative development. The indicators of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector are studied. A new type of classification feature of small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector is proposed.

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES FOR INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ENTITIES

Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics ◽

10.36887/2415-8453-2019-4-46 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 411-418

Author(s):

Anna Orel

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Competitive Advantages ◽

Competitive Strategies ◽

Agricultural Producers ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Five Elements ◽

Definition Of ◽

Sustainable Competitive Advantages ◽

Innovative Orientation

Introduction. Ensuring the sustainable development of domestic agricultural producers involves achieving and maintaining a sufficient level of economic efficiency and competitiveness for the implementation of expanded reproduction. This, first of all, implies the formation of an appropriate level of competitiveness through the creation of sustainable competitive advantages of products and manufacturers. This process is impossible without attracting investment resources and introducing innovations in order to create competitive advantages, strengthen market positions and increase the level of concentration of productive capital. The latter necessitates a comprehensive strategic planning, which would be based on the innovative orientation of investment activities. The purpose of the article is to form theoretical and methodological and applied principles of competitive strategies formation of innovation and investment development of agricultural production entities. Method (methodology). Methods of comparison, analysis, theoretical and logical generalization are applied in the course of research. The dialectical method of research became the methodological basis. Results. The author’s vision of the definition of “competitive strategy” is offered in the article. The classification of competitive strategies is developed. A model of a strategic rhombus is proposed as a theoretical basis for determining areas for improving the mechanisms of managing the competitiveness of agribusiness entities, which includes five elements: arena; conductor; differentiators; sequence; economic logic. The proposals of applied character concerning realization of competitive strategies of innovative-investment development of subjects of agricultural production are substantiated. Key words: competitive strategies, subjects of agricultural production; innovation and investment development; competitiveness management.

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Alternative breeding processes: at which extent Participatory Breeding should modify the concept of ideotypes in plant breeding?

OCL ◽

10.1051/ocl/2018061 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. D606 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patrick Vincourt ◽

Pierre Carolo

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Participatory Plant Breeding ◽

Participatory Breeding ◽

General Expectation ◽

The Developed Countries ◽

Definition Of ◽

Alternative Organizations

The Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) concept emerged twenty years ago, particularly with the aim to build alternative organizations of the plant breeding activities in developing countries. It now as well questions the developed countries, in the frame of a more global expectation to make all the stakeholders more involved in the agricultural production, from the farmers to its final clients. We discuss here some of the questions addressed by this trend with regard to the definition of the ideotype: (a) different forms of PPB? (b) changing the paradigm: Client Oriented Breeding? (c) a new way to manage {genotype * environment} interactions? (d) mainly societal concerns at stake? (e) biodiversity and ideotypes. As the same key, technical, limiting factors are involved in both PPB and classical breeding, it is suggested to consider PPB as one of the ways in the frame of a general expectation for diversification, thus eventually resulting in the promotion of alternative ideotypes, rather than an alternative process.

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Two definitions of presenteeism: sickness presenteeism and impaired work function

Occupational Medicine ◽

10.1093/occmed/kqaa009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 95-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T Ishimaru ◽

Y Mine ◽

Y Fujino

Keyword(s):

Work Function ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Employee Survey ◽

Sickness Presenteeism ◽

Construction Company ◽

Sleeping Problems ◽

Definition Of

Abstract Background Two major definitions exist for presenteeism: sickness presenteeism and impaired work function. The evidence for comparing previous studies on presenteeism is insufficient because of the different definitions of presenteeism used. Aims To assess the relationship between the two major definitions of presenteeism. Methods This cross-sectional study analysed secondary data on 5334 respondents to an employee survey administered in a construction company in Japan. Impaired work function was measured using the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun). Multiple logistic regression was performed. Results A strong linear association was observed between the number of days of sickness presenteeism and impaired work function (all P < 0.001). In contrast, the number of days of sickness absence was only partially positively associated with impaired work function. All choices for most frequent health problem were positively associated with impaired work function, beginning with mental problems (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 20.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.94–28.01), followed by malaise (adjusted OR = 11.91, 95% CI: 9.08–15.62) and sleeping problems (adjusted OR = 8.62, 95% CI: 6.57–11.33). Conclusions A strong relationship was observed between the two major definitions of presenteeism, even after adjusting for a variety of chronic health conditions. Although a consensus on the definition of presenteeism is yet to be reached, this study provides insight on comparing existing studies on presenteeism.

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Towards Semantic Interoperability for Electronic Health Records

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1160/me5001 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 (03) ◽

pp. 332-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

P. Knaup ◽

E. J. S. Hovenga ◽

S. Heard ◽

S. Garde

Keyword(s):

Electronic Health Records ◽

Domain Knowledge ◽

Semantic Interoperability ◽

Health Records ◽

Face To Face ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

Development Organisation ◽

Knowledge Governance ◽

Electronic Health ◽

Definition Of

Summary Objectives: In the field of open electronic health records (EHRs), openEHR as an archetype-based approach is being increasingly recognised. It is the objective of this paper to shortly describe this approach, and to analyse how openEHR archetypes impact on health professionals and semantic interoperability. Methods: Analysis of current approaches to EHR systems, terminology and standards developments. In addition to literature reviews, we organised face-to-face and additional telephone interviews and tele-conferences with members of relevant organisations and committees. Results: The openEHR archetypes approach enables syntactic interoperability and semantic interpretability – both important prerequisites for semantic interoperability. Archetypes enable the formal definition of clinical content by clinicians. To enable comprehensive semantic interoperability, the development and maintenance of archetypes needs to be coordinated internationally and across health professions. Domain knowledge governance comprises a set of processes that enable the creation, development, organisation, sharing, dissemination, use and continuous maintenance of archetypes. It needs to be supported by information technology. Conclusions: To enable EHRs, semantic interoperability is essential. The openEHR archetypes approach enables syntactic interoperability and semantic interpretability. However, without coordinated archetype development and maintenance, ‘rank growth’ of archetypes would jeopardize semantic interoperability. We therefore believe that openEHR archetypes and domain knowledge governance together create the knowledge environment required to adopt EHRs.

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