A reappraisal of the California Roach/Hitch (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Hesperoleucus/Lavinia) species complex

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4543 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON BAUMSTEIGER ◽  
PETER B. MOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Clear Lake ◽  
Distinct Population ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Russian River ◽  
Tomales Bay ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Hesperoleucus Symmetricus

The California Roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus) and Hitch (Lavinia exilicauda) form a species complex largely endemic to California (CA), USA. Using previous studies of this complex along with a recent comprehensive genomic analysis, we developed a highly supported taxonomic hierarchy of two genera, five species, four subspecies and multiple distinct population segments within two presently recognized species. The genera Lavinia and Hesperoleucus are supported as representing distinct lineages, despite occasional hybridization between them. While hybridization is one pathway to some speciation in this complex, hierarchical levels correlate nicely between genomic results and earlier morphological work. Hesperoleucus symmetricus is newly divided into four species (H. parvipinnis—Gualala Roach, H. mitrulus—Northern Roach, H. venustus—Coastal Roach, and H. symmetricus—California Roach) and two subspecies (H. s. serpentinus—Red Hills Roach, H. s. symmetricus—California Roach). Within H. venustus, two subspecies are identified (H. v. navarroensis—Northern Coastal Roach, and H. v. subditus—Southern Coastal Roach), which are supported by previous morphological studies but resolve discrepancies between those studies. Finally, six distinct population segments are identified within different species/subspecies: Kaweah, Russian River, Navarro River, Monterey, and Tomales Bay. Clear Lake Roach are introgressed between California and Coastal Roach, making them distinct but difficult to formally name. Results should greatly improve management and conservation of each taxonomic entity and help resolve past ambiguities. Additional studies are needed to improve range-wide boundaries and to investigate population structure within all species and subspecies identified in both Lavinia and Hesperoleucus lineages. 

A review of the Afrotropical sand tampan, Ornithodoros savignyi: a complex species.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (036) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Albertha Charles
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Soft Tick ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Ornithodoros Savignyi ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The sand tampan, Ornithodoros savignyi (Audouin, 1827), is an economically important soft tick of the Afrotropics parasitising a wide range of livestock and humans. These ticks are known to inflict painful bites which may be fatal in susceptible hosts. Historically thought to be a single species, Ornithodoros savignyi is now considered to be a complex of four tick subspecies based on molecular and morphological studies. They include Ornithodoros (Ornithodoros) kalahariensis, O. (O.) pavimentosus, O. (O.) noorsveldensis and O. (O.) savignyi. As such there may be significant implications for previous biological studies conducted on this tick. Therefore, for the purposes of this review, sand tampan toxicosis and potentially useful biological molecules have been discussed for O. (O.) savignyi sensu lato since most reported work was based on ticks collected from the Kalahari and Lake Chad region. An overview of the host range and vector biology for the O. (O.) savignyi species complex will also be examined.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of dingoes identifies genomic regions under reversible selection during domestication and feralization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-jie Zhang ◽  
Guo-Dong Wang ◽  
Pengcheng Ma ◽  
Liang-liang Zhang ◽  
Ting-Ting Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Distinct Population ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractDingoes (Canis dingo) are wild canids living in Australia. They have lived isolated from both the wild and the domestic ancestor and are a unique model for studying feralization, the process in which a domestic species escapes human control, adapts to the wild, and diverges from the domestic ancestor into a genetically distinct population. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 10 dingoes and 2 New Guinea Singing Dogs, to study the origins and feralization process of the dingo. Phylogenetic and demographic analyses show that dingoes originate from domestic dogs in southern East Asia, which migrated via Island Southeast Asia to reach Australia 4300-5000 years ago, and subsequently diverged into a genetically distinct population. Selection analysis identified 99 positively selected genes enriched in starch and fat metabolism pathways, indicating a diet change during feralization of dingoes. Interestingly, we found that 14 genes have shifted allele frequencies compared to dogs but not compared to wolves. This suggests that the selection affecting these genes during domestication of the wolf was reversed in the feralization process. One of these genes, ARHGEF7, may promote the formation of neural spine and synapses in hippocampal neurons. Functional assays showed that an A to G mutation in ARHGEF7, located in a transcription factor-binding site, decreases the endogenous expression. This suggests that ARHGEF7 may have been under selection for behavioral adaptations related to the transitions in environment both from wild to domestic and from domestic back to wild. Our results indicate that adaptation to domestication and feralization primarily affected different genomic regions, but that some genes, related to neurodevelopment, metabolism and reproduction, may have been reversibly affected in the two processes.

scholarly journals Diversity of Colletotrichum Species causing Anthracnose Disease from Mango cv. Nam Dork Mai See Tong based on ISSR-PCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bincader ◽  
R. Pongpisutta ◽  
C. Rattanakreetakul
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Species Specific

Background: Anthracnose disease caused by the genus Colletotrichum is one of the crucial problems occurring in the field, along with postharvest diseases and affects mango quality in Thailand. In particular, the Nam Dork Mai See Tong cultivar, which is highly susceptible to the disease, is an important product for exportation. Methods: In this research, thirty-seven Colletotrichum species isolate were obtained from anthracnose disease in mango cv. Nam Dork Mai See Tong in three provinces in Thailand. Morphological studies and molecular techniques using species-specific primers were investigated; moreover, the diversity of pathogens was analyzed using PCR amplification of inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) with 6 primers, including pathogenicity tests. Result: Morphological studies and molecular detection with species-specific primers revealed that 32 isolates belonged to the C. gloeosporioides species complex and 5 isolates to the C. acutatum species complex. The genetic diversity of pathogens was analyzed. PCR amplification using 6 ISSR primers produced 35 polymorphic bands. These bands were used to construct UPGMA, in which cluster analysis divided the 37 isolates into 3 main groups and 8 subgroups at 61-73% Jaccard similarity coefficient with cophenetic correlation (r) = 0.6781. The ISSR technique showed the greatest genetic variation among isolates collected from different locations. Hence, a study based on ISSR markers was profitable to investigate the phylogenetic relationship of the genus Colletotrichum. Pathogenicity tests revealed that PC006 (Ca) and CS005 (Cg) showed the highest aggressiveness, with disease incidences of 84.74 and 80.90%, respectively. This study indicates that the diversity of pathogenic Colletotrichum species related to mango plantations in Thailand is increasing.

Simplification of a species complex: Two new species of Leucothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) previously attributed to Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789) in Florida, U.S.A.

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine N White
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Two New Species

Abstract Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789) has long been thought of as a cosmopolitan species; however, relatively recent morphological studies have discovered a species complex previously attributed to L. spinicarpa. Despite this, several species remain hardly distinguishable from the general leucothoid form of L. spinicarpa. Morphological analyses reveal two distinct species in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, which is supported by molecular mitochondrial COI and nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA data. Leucothoe tunicasp. nov. and L. machidaisp. nov. are described herein. Analyses of DNA sequences from specimens from Tampa Bay, FL, Big Pine Key, FL, and Belize of L. tunicasp. nov. demonstrate intraspecific genetic structure in morphologically identical populations. Therefore, the geographically distant populations of L. tunicasp. nov. thus represent one species with a wide distribution, whereas L. machidaisp. nov. has so far been collected only in Tampa Bay.

Phylogeography of the genus Blanus (worm lizards) in Iberia and Morocco based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers — preliminary analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Vaconcelos ◽  
D. James Harris ◽  
Miguel Carretero
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mitochondrial And Nuclear Markers

AbstractThe evolutionary relationships of amphisbaenians of the genus Blanus have long been controversial. Presently two species are recognized for Morocco — Blanus tingitanus and B. mettetali and one for Iberia — B. cinereus. Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, 25 samples from Portugal, Spain and Morocco were analysed. Both markers indicate the existence of three well-separated clades: one for the Northern Moroccan samples, corresponding to B. tingitanus and two to the B. cinereus samples. One sample from Taza, Morocco, was identical to specimens from one of the Iberian forms. These results point to the necessity of a systematic revision. These new groups reinforce the need for geographically broader sampling accompanied by morphological studies to fully determine the phylogenetic history of this species complex.

scholarly journals Fusarium casha sp. nov. and F. curculicola sp. nov. in the Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex Isolated from Amaranthuscruentus and Three Weevil Species in South Africa

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Marcele Vermeulen ◽  
Lisa A. Rothmann ◽  
Wijnand J. Swart ◽  
Marieka Gryzenhout
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Morphological Studies

Trials are currently being conducted in South Africa to establish Amaranthus cruentus as a new pseudocereal crop. During recent surveys, Fusarium species were associated with weevil damage in A. cruentus fields. Preliminary studies showed that some of these Fusarium species grouped into two distinct clades within the F. fujikuroi species complex. The aim of this study was to characterize these isolates based on the morphology and phylogeny of the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1α) gene region, ß-tubulin 2 (ßT) gene region and RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2), and to determine if these isolates are pathogenic to A. cruentus. Phylogenetic and morphological studies showed that these two clades represent two novel species described here as F. casha and F. curculicola. Both species were shown to have the potential to be pathogenic to A. cruentus during routine greenhouse inoculation tests. While isolations indicate a possible association between these two species and weevils, further research is needed to understand this association and the role of weevils in disease development involving F. casha and F. curculicola in A. cruentus.

Taxonomic problems in the Aphanogmus hakonensis species complex; (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) common hyperparasitoids in biocontrol programmes against lepidopterous pests in the tropics

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Polaszek ◽  
Paul Dessart
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractMorphological studies of different populations of what was previously considered to be a single species, Aphanogmus hakonensis Ashmead, revealed the presence of a complex of species which are extremely difficult to distinguish without detailed studies of male genitalia. Several of these species have been misidentified during biological control programmes or parasitoid surveys. These misidentifications are corrected, and two new species, Aphanogmus captiosus and Aphanogmus thylax are described. The hakonensis-complex is diagnosed. As far as is known, all species are hyperparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae via various hymenopteran or dipteran primary parasitoids.

scholarly journals First Characterisation of the Phoma Species Complex on Maize Leaves in Central Europe

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Lucia Ramos Romero ◽  
Dagmar Tacke ◽  
Birger Koopmann ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Maize Leaves

In the last decade, the cultivated area of maize has increased in Central Europe due to its high yield potential and diverse uses for feed and bio-energy. This has led to more intense maize cultivation, with narrowed crop rotations resulting in the increase in maize leaf diseases. During 2012 and 2013, an inventory of maize leaf spot diseases was carried out in various regions in Central Europe. In addition to the major leaf pathogens, isolates of Phoma-like species were obtained from oval to elliptical spots on leaves or found in lesions produced by other leaf pathogens. A total of 16 representative Phoma-like strains were characterised for their pathogenicity on maize leaves, for their morphological characteristics and with a phylogenetic analysis based on multilocus sequence analysis using part of the actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), β-tubulin (TUB), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA and large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU) genes. The strains were grouped into four clades, and morphological studies supported this classification for most of them. Strains were compared with six reference Phoma-like species strains from the Westerndijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute collection reported to colonise maize. The pathogenic group of strains from our collection (after completion of Koch’s postulates) did not cluster with any of these species, indicating a different and novel Phoma-like species infecting maize leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first study dissecting the Phoma species complex on maize leaves in Central Europe.

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