Evaluation of Early Maturing Sorghum and Cowpea Varieties Intercropping for Animal Nutritive Value and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; Digestibility in Fedis District, Eastern Ethiopia

The nutritive value of herbage is a function of the nutritive value of its component leaves and stems and their proportion in the herbage. A previous study indicated that the proportion of leaves in the herbage did not explain entirely the differences in in vitro true digestibility and NDF concentrations between early and late-maturing timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars. It was therefore hypothesized that the leaves and stems of early and late-maturing cultivars differ in nutritive value. The evolution of leaf and stem nutritive value of field-grown timothy cultivars differing in maturity, and the relationships between parameters of leaf and stem nutritive value, and the leaf to weight ratio (LWR) were studied during primary growth in two experiments. On a given date, stems of early-maturing cultivars had in vitro true digestibilities of dry matter and cell wall up to 61 g kg−1 DM and 71 g kg−1 DM lower that those of late-maturing cultivars, respectively. The NDF concentration of stems of early-maturing cultivars was up to 32 g kg−1 DM greater than that of late-maturing cultivars. There were no cultivar differences in leaf in vitro true digestibilities of dry matter and cell wall, and NDF concentration on a given date. At a given LWR, however, the leaves and stems of early-maturing cultivars had greater in vitro true digestibilities of dry matter and cell wall, and a lower NDF concentration than those of late-maturing cultivars. Our results indicate that differences in herbage nutritive value at a given stage of maturity between early- and late-maturing timothy cultivars is explained by a greater nutritive value of leaves and stems of the early-maturing cultivars. Key words: Phleum pratense L., timothy, cultivar, digestibility, cell wall, leaf, stem

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Digestibility and cell wall concentration of early- and late-maturing timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps96-016 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 107-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G. Bélanger ◽

R. E. McQueen

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Mathematical Relationships ◽

The Relationship ◽

Phleum Pratense L

Ear emergence or heading of early- and late-maturing cultivars of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in the spring varies by as much as 3 wk. Two field experiments were conducted to describe the evolution of digestibility and cell-wall concentration of early- and late-maturing timothy cultivars during primary growth and to analyze the relationship between parameters of nutritive value and the leaf blade to biomass weight ratio (LWR). Compared with late-maturing cultivars of timothy on a given date, early-maturing cultivars had lower in vitro true digestibilities of DM and cell wall and a greater NDF concentration. Differences in in vitro true DM digestibility and NDF concentration between early- and late-maturing cultivars were not only related to the proportion of leaf blades in the biomass. Different parameters are, therefore, required to describe the mathematical relationships between digestibility and NDF concentration and LWR of early- and late-maturing cultivars. Key words:Phleum pratense, timothy, cultivars, digestibility, cell wall

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Agronomic Evaluation of the Results of Selection within Early Maturing Dactylis glomerata Germplasm

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1505

Author(s):

Joseph G. Robins ◽

B. Shaun Bushman ◽

Kevin B. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Harvest Management ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Harvest Intervals

Selection from novel orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) germplasm sources resulted in the development of an early maturing orchardgrass population. Fifty-eight families comprise this population and were evaluated under frequent and infrequent harvest intervals at Lewiston and Millville, UT, field locations during 2013 and 2014. The objective of this study was to characterize the performance of the individual families when compared with the check cultivars ‘Icon’, ‘Paiute’, and ‘Potomac’. Across the locations and harvest intervals, individual families produced greater herbage dry mass and nutritive value than the check cultivars. Only for maturity (cv. Paiute) did one of the included commercial checks possess a trait value among the statistically greatest for all families. Twenty-two half-sib families were among the families with the statistically earliest maturity, and between three and eight families were among the families with the statistically greatest trait values for herbage dry mass, crude protein, in vitro true digestibility, neutral detergent fiber, and water soluble carbohydrate concentration. Overall, based on the performance of its component families, this early maturing orchardgrass population exhibited potential for developing improved cultivars for both frequent and infrequent harvest management.

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Associative Effects between Forages and Concentrates on In Vitro Fermentation of Working Equine Diets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2212

Author(s):

Mónica Gandarillas ◽

Juan Pablo Keim ◽

Elisa María Gapp

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Animal Species ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Production Experiment ◽

Need To Evaluate

Background: Horses are hindgut fermenters, and it is therefore important to determine the postgastric nutritive value of their feedstuffs and diets. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in other animal species that the fermentation of diets results in different values than those expected from pure ingredients. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to evaluate the gas production (GP) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, as well as the associative effects, of mixtures of different forages and concentrated foods, which are representative of the traditional diets of high-performance horses. Methods: An in vitro gas production experiment was conducted to assess the fermentation of two forages and three concentrates that are typical in horse diets. The combination of 70% of forage and 30% concentrates was also assessed to determine potential associative effects. Results: Concentrates and grains produced higher GP and VFA than forages when evaluated alone. When experimental diets were incubated, GP parameters and VFA concentrations of forage–concentrate mixtures had unexpected differences from the values expected from the fermentation of pure ingredients, suggesting the occurrence of associative effects. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is a need to evaluate the fermentation of diets, rather than predicting from the values of pure ingredients.

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Temporal Variations in Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Metabolizable Energy of Plant Species Browsed by Goats in Southern Mediterranean Forest Rangeland

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051441 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1441

Author(s):

Youssef Chebli ◽

Samira El Otmani ◽

Mouad Chentouf ◽

Jean-Luc Hornick ◽

Jean-François Cabaraux

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Species ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Mediterranean Forest ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Large Variability ◽

Southern Mediterranean

Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.

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The use ofin vitrogas production to evaluate rumen fermentation of leaves of 24 browse species indigenous to semi-arid areas of Zimbabwe

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00032729 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 238-240

Author(s):

L. R. Ndlovu ◽

L. Hove

Keyword(s):

Woody Plants ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Biological Assays ◽

Browse Species ◽

Semi Arid

Browse species are important food resources in semi-arid areas, especially during the dry season when the nutritive value of grass is at its lowest. However, browse plants often contain secondary plant compounds which limit their nutritive value. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) (also called condensed tannins) and related flavonoids are a common constituent of woody plants in tropical regions (Mangan, 1988). PAs cause a bitter and astringent taste which lowers food palatability and they also lower the digestibility of proteins and carbohydrates (Jacksonet al., 1996). PAs also interfere with current chemical methods that are used for estimating nutritive value of foods (Reed, 1995). Biological assays, especially ,in vitrotechniques, have a potential to reflect better the nutritive value of foods that contain PAs. Thein vitrogas production technique has been found to reliably predict the nutritive value of temperate forages (Makkaret al., 1996). There has been limited research on its efficacy with tropical forages. The experiment reported here was conducted to test the hypothesis that gas production of tropical browse species reflects their content of fibre, protein and/or PAs.

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Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81505-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chatchai Kaewpila ◽

Pongsatorn Gunun ◽

Piyawit Kesorn ◽

Sayan Subepang ◽

Suwit Thip-uten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Acid Fermentation ◽

Design Factor ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Randomized Design

AbstractImproving the nutrition of livestock is an important aspect of global food production sustainability. This study verified whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant could promote ensiling characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro enteric methane (CH4) mitigation of forage sorghum (FS) mixture silage in attacking malnutrition in Zebu beef cattle. The FS at the soft dough stage, Cavalcade hay (CH), and cassava chip (CC) were obtained. The treatments were designed as a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was FS prepared without or with CH, CC, and CH + CC. Factor B was untreated or treated with Lactobacillus casei TH14. The results showed that all FS mixture silages preserved well with lower pH values below 4.0 and higher lactic acid contents above 56.4 g/kg dry matter (DM). Adding LAB boosted the lactic acid content of silages. After 24 h and 48 h of in vitro rumen incubation, the CC-treated silage increased in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) with increased total gas production and CH4 production. The LAB-treated silage increased IVDMD but decreased CH4 production. Thus, the addition of L. casei TH14 inoculant could improve lactic acid fermentation, in vitro digestibility, and CH4 mitigation in the FS mixture silages.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Egyptian Citrus Beebread

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2433

Author(s):

Nesren Elsayed ◽

Hatem Sharaf El-Din ◽

Ammar B. Altemimi ◽

Hanaa Y. Ahmed ◽

Anubhav Pratap-Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antitumor Agent ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Free Sugar ◽

Natural Food ◽

Anticancer Activities

In this study, Egyptian beebread (EBB) was investigated for its nutritive value, chemical composition, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Results indicated that EBB was a good source of protein (23.58 ± 0.183 g/100 g BB), total free sugar (20.266 ± 0.930) and potassium (290.202 ± 2.645 mg/100 g). Additionally, 14 fatty acids were identified in EBB, wherein polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids represented 51.06% ± 0.09% and 9.86% ± 0.01%, respectively. The EBB extract exhibited almost 400% better antiradical activity than BHT, with IC50 of EBB extract being 10.7 µg/mL compared to 39.5 µg/mL for BHT. EBB exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the reference compound against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, followed by Bacillus subtilis. No inhibitory activity was observed against Aspergillus Niger. Additionally, the highest inhibitory activity was recorded against Caco-2 cells, followed by PC3 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values 262, 314 and 386 μg/mL, respectively. These findings establish the potential of EBB as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor agent, with possible applications as natural food supplements and natural preservatives.

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A comparison of zulu sorghum, bulrush millet and white panicum in terms of yield, forage quality and milk production

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9750211 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 15 (73) ◽

pp. 211 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

TH Stobbs

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Tropical Pastures ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Large Bulk ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Yield and nutritive value of three summer annual forages, hybrid forage sorghum (Sorghum spp. hybrid cv. Zulu), bulrush millet (Pennisetum typhoides cv. Tamworth) and white panicum millet (Echinochloa crusgalli var. edulis) were determined in three experiments. Uninterrupted growth was measured every 2 weeks between 4 and 12 weeks after sowing, and leaf, stem and inflorescence components analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium and dry matter digestibility by an in vitro technique. The value of 10-week-old herbage, from crops grown with 50 kg ha-1 N, was determined by grazing with 18 Jersey cows and by feeding chopped material to 12 cows indoors. White panicum was the lowest yielding forage (up to 6,360 kg ha-1 at 10 weeks) but contained the highest concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in both leaf and stem fractions at all stages of growth. After 10 weeks growth this feed contained a high proportion of seed and was eaten in arger quantities than zulu sorghum or bulrush millet. Cows grazing white panicum produced the highestr lmilk yields (6.5 and 7.1 kg cow-1 day-1 indoors and grazed) and milk from these cows contained a highe solids-not-fat and protein content than milk from cows fed bulrush millet or sorghum. Zulu sorghum was highest yielding (1 1,240 kg ha-1 at 12 weeks in experiment 1 and 81 50 kg ha-1 at 10 weeks in experiment 2). With advancing maturity stem content increased (>80 per cent from 8 weeks onwards) and the nitrogen content of both leaf and stem fractions rapidly declined to sub-optimum levels. Milk production of cows feeding on zulu sorghum was low, averaging 4.7 and 6.0 kg cow-1 day-1 for indoor and grazing experiments. Bulrush millet produced high forage yields with a higher leaf content than zulu sorghum and milk yields were higher. Butterfat content of milk from cows feeding on bulrush millet was lower than when cows were fed the other forages. It was concluded that these three forages are capable of providing a large bulk of feed but their feeding value at a semi-mature stage of growth is similar to perennial tropical pastures.

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