Review on Laboratory Mineral Soil Analysis and Soil Mineral Management in Organic Farming

Abstract Indonesia has many types of carbohydrate sources. Tacca (Tacca leontopetaloides) has potential as a source of the functional food industry, especially maltotriose and maltotetraose production. Tacca grows well in an open or a shaded area on sandy soil-mineral, soil pH is slightly alkaline, with very low to low Cation Exchange Capacity. Malapari (Pongamia pinnata) is a biofuel-producing plant with a natural distribution on coastal land. Planting combination between malapari as an energy-producing plant and tacca as a food source has never existed. So, it needs to be incentives in developing agroforestry that can provide intermediate results for farmers. The requirement of good quality tacca seedlings is a crucial factor in supporting food security. This study aimed to determine the effect of the types of tacca seeds used on the initial growth of tacca. The study used a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 (three) treatments: a) large tubers, b) small tubers, and c) the origin of seeds. The results showed that plants from large tubers produced the highest number of shoots, height, and diameter (5.83; 27.77 cm and 0.43 cm). Five years old malapari reaches a diameter of 6.95 cm, a height of 3.89 m, and a crown width of 2.43 m.

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SIMPLE MICROWAVE DIGESTION TECHNIQUE FOR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MINERAL SOIL SAMPLES

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss90-064 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 617-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

C. J. WARREN ◽

B. XING ◽

M. J. DUDAS

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Microwave Digestion ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Total Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Elemental Abundance ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽

Digestion Technique

A new, rapid, and inexpensive method is described for digestion and dissolution of mineral soil and clay samples for determination of total elemental abundance. Standard soil samples were dissolved using HF and HNO3 in 60 mL Teflon bombs. Dissolution was complete after 7 min using a household microwave oven operating at 350 W. Addition of H3BO3 stabilized the digests against loss of silicon. Precise and accurate results were obtained for digests analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry for total content of Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, and Mn. Key words: Elemental composition, standard soils, soil analysis

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The Rapid Method of Soil Identification Based on Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (Case Study of Moramo Watershed)

Land Science ◽

10.30560/ls.v2n2p12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. p12

Author(s):

Jufri Karim ◽

Totok Gunawan ◽

Tukidal Yunianto ◽

Hasbullah Syaf ◽

Syamsu Alam

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Image Data ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Histogram Equalization ◽

Geographic Information ◽

Soil Taxonomy ◽

Composite Image

The field-tested samples are done by stratified random sampling. Soil classification was obtained through observation of field profile morphology and soil analysis in the laboratory followed by supporting data such as temperature and rainfall. The Moramo River Basin (DAS) was used as the location of the case study in this experiment by observing 13 soil profiles. Soil properties and characteristics were observed for soil texture, clay mineral, soil pH (H2O and KCl), soil cation, saturation bases, and C-organic. The soil naming was done to subgroup category based on Soil Taxonomy System in 2010 and paired with the land classification system of Soil Research Center in 1983, and WRB-FAO in 2006. The result showed that the accuracy of landform interpretation 89.6%, rocks 92.19%, accuracy of land use interpretation 90.63%, and accuracy of soil mapping 90.00%, so that the image ALOS AVNIR-2 can be utilized well to obtain parameter of the land unit for land mapping. The result of image data processing through RGB 341 composite image showed a high unidirectional frequency filter, histogram equalization, and analyzed with Geographic Information System, 15 units of landform, five-rock units. nine land-use units and 11 sub-soil sub-groups were obtained. The results of the soil classification in the Moramo Watershed (DAS) region in the subgroup category obtained 11 subgroups of land consisting of Lithic Udorthents, Typic Udifluvents, Aeric Endoaquents, Typic Fluvaquents, Typic Dystrudepts, Typic Eutrudepts, Ruptic-Alfic Eutrudepts, Lithic Dystrudepts, Oxyaquic Eutrudepts, Fluvaquentic Epiaquepts, Typic Endoaquepts.

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Potensi Pengembangan Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L) Pada Wilayah Kecamatan Muara Badak

Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.24903/ajip.v7i1.363 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Akhmad Sopian ◽

Zainudin Zainudin

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Nutrient Loss ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Pepper Plants

Farmers generally plant pepper on ultisol soil. Ultisol soil is classified as acid mineral soil which has a wide distribution, but has the potential to develop agricultural land including pepper plantations. The tendency of land used for agricultural activities shows a decrease in soil fertility, indicated by the occurrence of erosion, imbalance of nutrients present in the soil and stronger soil dependence on fertilizer, as well as lower crop production. The research aims to find out the characteristics of pepper land, productivity, potential land for the development of pepper plants in Muara Badak District. This research was carried out using survey methods with stages including; overlaying land maps, interviews, secondary data inventory, in the form of data on the number of farmers, land area, production and cultivation techniques, and analysis of soil samples in the laboratory. The results showed that the population / ha of pepper plants was different for each farmer, where the spacing was 110 x 110 cm, 120 x 120 cm, 130 x 130 cm and 140 x 140 cm with a population between 1300 - 4500 staples / ha. Farmers generally use lodrin organic fertilizer, but are not carried out intensively, and the land management system does not pay attention to the aspect of soil conservation, farmers' land has been cultivated for generations without using terraces and soil cover. The tendency of nutrient loss on the land is quite high because the land is located on a hill and is quite steep at 16-40% slope. Pepper productivity in the study area is quite high, with an average of 1,437 kg / ha. The highest productivity in Salo Palai village reached 1970 kg / ha, while the lowest in Batu Batu village was 830 kg / ha. The results of soil analysis in the two study locations that the content of the element N was classified as medium, the total K was classified as high to very high. pH and CEC are low, this can affect nutrient absorption, so that lime is needed and the addition of organic matter if fertilization is carried out.

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PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM DAN PUPUK NPK 16:16:16 TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PAKIS SAYUR (Diplazium esculentum S.)

DINAMIKA PERTANIAN ◽

10.25299/dp.2018.vol34(2).5421 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 119-128

Author(s):

Nescaya Suhendri ◽

T. Rosmawaty ◽

Raisa Baharuddin

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Main Effect ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Main Effects

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the interactions and main effects of planting media and NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer on growth and production in vegetable ferns (Diplazium esculentum S.). The design used is a Factorial Complete Random Design. The first factor is the planting media of peat soil and mineral soil consists of 3 levels of treatment, namely: peat soil, mineral soil and a combination of 1: 1 peat and mineral soil while the second factor is NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer with 4 levels of treatment, namely: 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g / polybag so that 12 treatment combinations were obtained, with 3 replications, then a total of 36 experimental units were obtained. Each unit consists of 4 plants with 2 plants used as samples. Observation parameters consisted of the age of emergence of shoots, plant height, number of young leaves, economical wet weight and dry weight. The results showed that the interaction of planting media and NPK 16:16:16 fertilizers gave a real influence on the number of young leaves with the best treatment was the planting media of a combination of peat and mineral soil 1: 1 and 0.6 g NPK fertilizer 16:16:16 (M3N2 ). The main effect of the planting medium was evident on the parameters of plant height, number of young leaves, economic wet weight, and dry weight. The best treatment is found in a combination of peat and mineral media 1: 1 (M3). The main effect of NPK 16:16:16 was significantly affected by the number of young leaves, economic wet weight and dry weight with the best treatment of 0.3 g (N1). Keywords: Growing media, NPK Fertilizer, Vegetable Fern

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Soil Analysis for Organic Farming

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ◽

10.1081/css-200042968 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 36 (1-3) ◽

pp. 65-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Silvia Haneklaus ◽

Ewald Schnug ◽

Hans Marten Paulsen ◽

Ingo Hagel

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Soil Analysis

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Soil and forest floor characteristics of Scots pine stands on drift sands

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v57i0.883 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

Author(s):

D. Maddelein ◽

N. Lust

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Tree Litter ◽

Nutrient Amounts

In Flanders, important drift sand areas were afforestated with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) during the last century. Drought stress and limited nutrient availability are two major factors limiting tree growth on these sites. Nevertheless, afforestation succeeded extremely well and tree growth can be considered as satisfactory. Chemical soil analysis stresses the very poor quality of the mineral soil. Nutrient content of the mineral soil is even poorer than that of neighbouring heathland soils. The formation of a well developed forest floor is the most important feature of soil evolution during the last century. A seventy year old stand has built up a thick forest floor, with a biomass of over 10 kg/m2. This layer functions as a main nutrient source in the ecosystem. Annually, 4000 to 5000 kg of tree litter per hectare return to the forest soil. Sixty percent of this fraction consists of shed needles. Needles also have a dominant share in the nutrient amounts returned with tree litter. Annually, about 42 kg of N, 8 kg of K, 15 kg of Ca and 2 kg of P and Mg are returned to the soil with tree litter. These values are, with exception of N, very low compared to other forest ecosystems. The herbaceous layer, poor in species and dominated by wavy-hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.), also produces over 2500 kg of litter per year and per hectare, and plays an equally important role in the nutrient supply of the growing vegetation. Key words: Scots pine, drift sand, forest floor, litter

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Isolation of the humin fraction from soil: preliminary comments

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-3110 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jerzy Weber ◽

Elżbieta Jamroz ◽

Andrzej Kocowicz ◽

Magdalena Debicka ◽

Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Humic Substances ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Ash Content ◽

Optimal Time ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Science Center ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Humin Fraction

The organic matter is the most important component of soil material, which determines most soil properties. Among humic substances, humin fraction has been the least studied to date, although it usually constitutes over half of their composition. This is probably due to the fact, that humin fraction has highly hydrophobic properties and is insoluble at all pH values, which makes its isolation much more difficult, compared to humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acid fractions. In addition, humin fraction forms very stable humic-clay complexes with mineral part of the soil (Stevenson 1994), which cannot be destructed during humic substances extraction. According to the literature, the methods of humin fraction isolation can be divided into two main groups: (1) extraction by different organic solvents, and (2) isolation by extraction of HA and FA followed by digestion of mineral soil components. Nevertheless, each of these methods has different limitations.We investigated some modifications of the latter method, obtaining humin fraction from eight mollic horizons of Chernozems and Phaeozems, which differed in their physico-chemical properties.The first step was to separate HA and FA according to IHSS method described by Swift (1996), however we adopted different shaking procedure. To asses differences, each supernatant obtained was analyzed for the carbon content concentration, which corresponded to HA and FA extracted.HA and FA free residue was then digested to reduce the content of mineral components. We used several digestion with 10% HF/HCl , as higher concentrations of HF can result in structural alteration of the organic compounds (Hayes et al. 2017). To find the optimal time of the procedure, the ash content was determined following each digestion stage. After the HF/HCl treatment, the residue was rinsed with 10% HCl to eliminate secondary minerals. The residue was washed with distilled water until the neutral pH, then transferred to dialysis membranes and dialyzed with distilled water until a negative Cl&#8722; test with AgNO3. Afterwards the humin fraction was freeze dried.&#160;Finally, obtained humin fraction contained various ash content, ranged from 6 to 30%, depending on the soil. The conducted test indicated that: (1) the concentration of carbon in supernatant considerably increased as shaking time was extended to 20 hours, and (2) longer than 4 weeks digestion with HF/HCl did not affect the reduction of the ash content of the humin fraction obtained.&#160;&#160; &#160;&#160;LiteratureHayes M.H.B., Mylotte R., Swift R.S. 2017. Humin: Its Composition and Importance in Soil Organic Matter. In: Sparks D.L. (ed) Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 143, Academic Press, Burlington, 47&#8211;138.Stevenson F.J. 1994. Humus Chemistry; Genesis, Composition, Reaction. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons., New York.Swift R.S. 1996. Organic matter characterization. In: Sparks, D.L., et al. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods - Soil Science Society of America, Book Series no 5,&#160; 1011-1069.&#160;AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the National Science Center (NCN) Poland (project No 2018/31/B/ST10/00677 &#8220;Chemical and spectroscopic properties of soil humin fraction in relation to their mutual interaction with pesticides").

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Soil properties as a component of predisposition factors of Norway spruce forest decline in the Hanušovická highland mountain zone

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4585-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 527-538

Author(s):

D. Vavříček ◽

P. Samec ◽

P. Šimková

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Forest Decline ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Root Systems ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Soil Environment ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Altitudinal Zone ◽

Norway Spruce Forest

Mature Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands affected by decline symptoms were selected in the northern part of the Hanu&scaron;ovická highland (Czech Republic) at Jeřáb Mt. foot and summit (1,003 m a.s.l.). Spruce stand (SS) 1 (700 m a.s.l.) was situated in conditions of the fir-beech forest altitudinal zone (FAZ). SS 2 (880–900 m a.s l.) was situated in conditions of the spruce-beech FAZ. Research plots (RPs) of the area 400 m2 were selected in the stands according to the different level of damage and stand diversity. On the basis of the complex soil analysis it was proved that the soil environment could be a part of stress factors, influencing the predisposition of non-natural Norway spruce monocultures at mountain locations of the Krkono&scaron;e Mts.-Jeseníky Mts. elevation. High Al3+ concentrations in soil mineral horizons were determined in a direct correlation with decline of stand enclaves on the selected RPs. The  concentrations of Al3+ and limiting content Mg2+ make root systems exist mainly in H-horizons or Ae/Ep-horizons. This causes stand predisposition to climatic drought and drought episodes.

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OPTIMALISASI PROSES BIOREMEDIASI SECARA IN SITU PADA LAHAN TERCEMAR PESTISIDA KELOMPOK MANKOZEB

Jurnal Teknik Industri ◽

10.22219/jtiumm.vol12.no1.51-56 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

SETIYO Y ◽

MADE S. UTAMA ◽

WAYAN TIKA ◽

IBP. GUNADNYA

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Pesticide Residue ◽

Pesticide Residues ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Farming System ◽

Soil Mineral ◽

Neutral Ph ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Organic Farming System

Compost as an organic fertilizer could improve the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil in acertain way so that soil mineral was available for plant. The special aim of this research was to optimize the bioremediation process for degradation of pesticide residues at Bedugul Agro-tourism so that organic farming system will be sustainable. Based on C/N, and pH, it could be concluded that better solution for bioremediation of pesticide residue problem was by giving mixed-compost in horticulture cultivation. Deviation of pH in bioremediation process was 0.22, and pH in-situ bioremediation process was between 6.9 and 7.12 or neutral pH. In this condition micro-organism would be effective in degrading pesticide residue. Bioremediation process on pesticide residue of Ditane M-45 at horticulture cultivation deploy with 1.2 g/l/20 m2, 2.4 g/l/20 m2, and 3.6 g/l/20 m2 spraying dosages took place perfectly, which was showed by parameters on development of micro-organism population and the amount of pesticide residues. Pesticide residue of each spraying dosages was 0.25–1.7% at 35 days or this values were under 0.003 ppm.

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