scholarly journals Western Region Variety of the Standard Ukrainian Language in the Interwar Period: A Review of Liudmyla Pidkuĭmukha’s Monograph “Mova Lʹvova, abo koly ĭ batiary hovoryly” (Kyiv: Klio, 2020, ss. 326)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Levchuk
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Linguistic Feature ◽  
Editorial Practice ◽  
The Social

Western Region Variety of the Standard Ukrainian Language in the Interwar Period: A Review of Liudmyla Pidkuĭmukha’s Monograph Mova Lʹvova, abo koly ĭ batiary hovoryly (Kyiv: Klio, 2020, ss. 326)The reviewed monograph is the first extensive paper on the vocabulary of the western variant of the Ukrainian language based on the texts of the ‘Twelve’, an interwar literary circle of writers from Lʹviv. The paper highlights the social dialects that functioned in Lʹviv during the interwar period, in particular the jargon of schoolchildren and athletes. Particular attention is paid to balak, which became a linguistic feature of the Batyar subculture. This subculture reached its peak in the 1920s and 1930s. Material collated from three editions of B. Nyzhankivskyi’s collection Street (1936, 1941, 1995) illustrates the specifics of Soviet editorial practice, which was aimed at limiting the use of western Ukrainian vocabulary in order to artificially bring the Ukrainian language closer to Russian. Zachodnia odmiana standardowego języka ukraińskiego w okresie międzywojennym. Recenzja monografii Liudmyly Pidkuĭmukhy "Mova Lʹvova, abo koly ĭ batiary hovoryly" (Kyiv: Klio, 2020, ss. 326)Recenzowana monografia jest pierwszą obszerną pracą na temat słownictwa zachodniej odmiany języka ukraińskiego na podstawie tekstów "Dwunastki", międzywojennego literackiego ugrupowania pisarzy z Lwowa. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na dialekty społeczne funkcjonujące we Lwowie w okresie międzywojennym, w szczególności na żargon młodzieży szkolnej i sportowców. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na balak, który stał się językową cechą subkultury batiarskiej. Subkultura ta osiągnęła szczyt rozwoju w latach dwudziestych i trzydziestych XX wieku. Materiał zebrany z trzech wydań zbioru B. Nyzhankivskiego Ulica (1936, 1941, 1995) ilustruje specyfikę radzieckiej praktyki edytorskiej, której celem było ograniczenie użycia zachodnioukraińskiego słownictwa, aby sztucznie zbliżyć język ukraiński do rosyjskiego.

Propagana competition between “Prosvita” and The A. Dukhnovych Society for the Rusinian audience of Subcarpathian Rus during the interwar period

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 176-200
Author(s):  
O.M. Kutska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Visual Materials ◽  
Personal Understanding

This article analyzes the informational activity of two societies – “Prosvita” (Eng. Enlightenment) and The A. Dukhnovych Society among Rusinian population of Subcarpathian Rus using modern approaches to the propaganda analysis, which implies answering the questions of who, whom on, what methods and forms are used. In particular, it has been found out that both societies had similar structures, with their members being representatives of intelligentsia with Ukrainophile and Russophile views respectively. They were also joined by the representatives of emigration and local population. The Rusinian audience had a relatively low educational level, and many residents of Subcarpathian Rus could not make up their minds whether they were of Rusinian ethnicity and what religion they practiced. The main forms of informing were printed press, oral transmission and radio broadcasting. Most often, the societies used polygraphic means of propaganda, since they were the easiest to produce. Oral transmission also proved quite productive, since it did not require significant expenditures. Radio was of limited application due to lack of receiving equipment. The author’s perspective of the propaganda methods has been formed through the analysis of individual episodes, informational and visual materials about the social and political life of Carpathian Rus and the activities of “Prosvita” and The A. Dukhnovich Society. Among the most popular methods were persuasion, suggestion, manipulation, and disinformation. However, it is possible to speak about their application only conditionally, since there was no propaganda technique in its modern understanding. The representatives of the societies under analsysis acted out of their personal understanding of campaigning methods and responding to the information needs of the Rusin community.

scholarly journals From Durkheim to Czarnowski: Sociological Universalism and Polish Politics in the Interwar Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-187
Author(s):  
Joanna Wawrzyniak
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
World History ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Great War ◽  
International Social

The Durkheimian School of sociology was one of the most comprehensive programmes ever developed in the social sciences. This article contributes to those accounts of the School that discuss its intergenerational, interdisciplinary and international transformations after the Great War. From this perspective, the article presents the case of a Polish scholar, Stefan Czarnowski (1879–1937), whose early work on the cult of St. Patrick in Ireland became one of the Durkheimian classics on social integration. In the interwar period Czarnowski argued against race studies and anti-social concepts of culture and called for sociologically grounded comparative world history ordered around the notions of class and work. More generally, Czarnowski’s reconfiguration of Durkheimian universal principles in the specific location of East Central Europe calls for a deeper historicisation of the Durkheimian School as a movement in international social sciences.

scholarly journals The (Immediate) Post-World War II Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-189
Author(s):  
Antonello Tancredi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Domestic Law

This chapter addresses the development, after World War II, of two different currents of thought inherited by the Italian international law doctrine from the interwar period: dogmatism and structuralism. The analysis of some fundamental writings concerning topics such as the foundation and the social structure of the international legal order tries to offer a reading lens on some of the most important scientific trends (especially ‘realism’ and ‘neo-normativism’) of the post-World War II period and on the scholars that animated such approaches. Thanks to the identification of some structuring ideas, it will then be possible to briefly examine other issues concerning, for instance, the relationship between international and domestic law after the 1948 Republican Constitution, sovereignty, etc. The evolution of the methodology of international law will have a relevant part in the analysis of theoretical approaches developed by Italian scholars in this period.

Contemporary Islamism

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Matthew Cleary ◽  
Rebecca Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social

Islamism proposes a vision of a society united by religion above all else – a vision that the West has difficulty theorizing and even comprehending. This vision and the social movements that have accompanied it are firmly rooted in the Muslim world’s history and traditions. This paper adopts a frame analytic perspective to examine and understand the progression of political Islam from the nationalism of the interwar period and beyond to the radical jihadism of today. In so doing, it contributes to the literature on framing by providing an analytically rich and theoretically valuable example of framing tactics in social movements. It also contributes to the growing literature on political Islam (Islamism) by providing a new and insightful perspective on its emergence and acceptance in the Muslim world.

Beyond Weimar: The Long Crisis of Liberalism, the Political Economy of the Interwar Conjuncture and the Foundations of Neo-liberalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-72
Author(s):  
Michael A. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
The Political ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
Crisis Of Liberalism

<Online Only>This chapter examines authoritarian liberalism as a more general phenomenon ‘beyond Weimar’. It looks outside Weimar Germany and takes a longer historical perspective, revealing deeper tensions in liberalism itself, specifically its inability to respond to the issue of socio-economic inequality in a mass democracy. The major Weimar constitutional theorists—Hans Kelsen, Carl Schmitt, and Hermann Heller—had no answer to the social question as a matter of constitutional self-defence. The chapter then discusses the political economy of the various crises across Europe—in Italy, France, and Austria—revealing a similar quandary. As Karl Polanyi argued, in these contexts, the turn to authoritarian liberalism fatally weakened political democracy and left it disarmed when faced with the fascist countermovement. Later in the interwar period, proposals for neo-liberalism would be introduced, symbolized by the organization of the Walter Lippman Colloquium in 1938.</Online Only>

Grosvenor School of Art, London (1925–1940)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Peers
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
Art School

The Grosvenor School of Art, also known as the Grosvenor School of Modern Art, was founded in 1925 by Scottish artist and printmaker Iain McNab. In 1940, it merged with the more traditional Heatherley’s Art School, which is still operating in London. The Grosvenor was famous across Britain and the British Empire in the interwar period for promoting modernist art and design. Its contribution to introducing and acclimatizing continental modernism to an extended anglophile audience was substantial. Pupils came from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as other countries, and through them the experience of modernism was brought back to their homelands. Across the British Empire, the Grosvenor School made modernism acceptable and praiseworthy, representing the authority of what Australian artist Arthur Streeton called "the Centre of Empire," combined with the glamorous social cachet that London symbolized for the social elites in the colonies.

A feature of performed narrative: the conversational historical present

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessa Wolfson
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Linguistic Feature ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The Relationship

The historical present, the use of the present tense to refer to past events, is a feature of narrative which has long been recognized. The object of this analysis is the use of the historical present tense specifically in narratives which occur in everyday conversational interactions. This usage will be referred to as the conversational historical present to distinguish it from the use of this tense in other genres such as travelogues and jokes. In the analysis of the occurrence of the conversational historical present, it was found that features of the relationship between the speaker and the audience had a strong influence. This is true not because the use of the linguistic feature itself is socially stratified, but rather because it functions as one of a set of features which appear in a specific type of narrative and is therefore governed by norms of interaction which constrain the social behavior involved in the recounting of such narratives. The fact that the use of the conversational historical present is an interactional variable in this respect has had important theoretical and methodological implications for the analysis which is reported here. The basic theoretical point is that in the study of the conversational historical present one sees a perfect example of the relationship between linguistic structure and language use.

scholarly journals School and Educational Objectives of the Interwar Period in the 1st Czechoslovak Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 349-364
Author(s):  
Mária Potočárová
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

The paper has the ambition to map the social and political situation in Slovakia in the period between the two world wars which had impact on the situation of families and education. After the establishment of a common state of Czechs and Slovaks – the 1st Czechoslovak Republic (1918), there were new conditions for reform movements and ideas of pedagogical thinking. The study is focusing on social events and transformations that guide the school system and education. The paper analyses specifically, what inspired the education and practical functioning of schools in Slovakia in this new state formation of the multinational Republic. The obtained picture tells about the state of reforms in education with its penetration into also into the family education pattern in Slovakia is partially compared with the conditions in the Czech Republic. The educational and upbringing objectives of this period are presented through the statements of historical documents, from a review of available educational literature and the press. We also deal with the question, what ideological ideas of the interwar years had an impact on the setting of goals and in family education. What did parents follow in their daily upbringing at the beginning of the 20th century and in the era between the two world wars? The paper, therefore, gives also the insight into the history of everyday life of Slovak families and into the family education in the interwar period.

scholarly journals THE POPULATION OF RIVNE IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD: ETHNO AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Tetiana Omelchak
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
The Town ◽  
Means Of Production

The article deals with the analyses of Rivne population dynamic in the interwar period. The research was based on the materials of 1921 and 1931 Census. The ethno-religious and socio-economic characteristics of Rivne residents have been given. Most of the population in the town were found to be Jewish during the interwar period, while this was the most distinctive for towns, which in times of Russian Empire were the parts of so called “Smuhi Osilosti” (“Strips of Settlement”). Polish, whose number was increasing during the interwar period, took the second place in the ethnic structure of residents. Ukrainians took only the third place in the national structure of Rivne in the interwar. Thus, the specificity of national population of towns influenced the structure of residents’ employment. Furthermore, there were no big enterprises in towns. While the most part of the population was busy with crafts and trade, a few workers were engaged in communication and state enterprises. The structure of residents’ employment of Rivne in the interwar was changed due to the policy of the Polish government. The 1931 census highlighted four social groups. Among them were the owners of means of productions, intellectual workers (intellectuals), workers and persons with unknown social status. In the social structure of Rivne population in early 1930 a little more than 50% were employees (workers-36,4% and mental workers-14,15%). The owners of means of production were represented by 42,4%. The intellectuals of Rivne worked mainly in the non-productive sphere such as state and local administration, public institutions, educational establishments, communication and healthcare, where in the early 1930s there were about 24,4% of employees.

scholarly journals Recent Rock Art Research on East Seram, Maluku: A key site in the rock art of West Papua and South East Maluku

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhi Agus Oktaviana ◽  
Peter Van Lape ◽  
Marlon NR Ririmasse
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
The Social ◽  
West Papua ◽  
American Research ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Art Research

Gambar cadas di Indonesia mulai diteliti sejak sebelum abad 20. Sejumlah publikasi ilmiah sebelumnya mencatat keberadaan situs gambar cadas di Pulau Seram, Provinsi Maluku yaitu di tebing Sawai dan Sungai Tala. Survei arkeologi terkini di kawasan Seram Timur dan Seram Laut yang dilakukan oleh gabungan Tim Peneliti Indonesian-American berhasil menemukan Situs gambar cadas baru di pesisir Seram Timur. gambar cadas ini terlukiskan di permukaan dinding tebing bernama lokal tebing Watu Sika. Gambar cadas di Situs Watu Sika tampak mirip dengan sejumlah situs gambar cadas lainnya di Indonesia Timur yang sebagian besar terlukis di dinding tebing karst sepanjang wilayah pesisir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode perekaman verbal dan piktorial dibantu aplikasi Dstretch untuk memperjelas gambar-gambar agar mudah diidentifikasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis sejumlah pola figuratif dan non figuratif pada motif-motif gambar cadas di Situs Watu Sika. Hasil identifikasi terhadap sejumlah motif gambar cadas di situs ini diketahui terdapat motif gambar cadas berbentuk figur manusia, hewan, ikan, perahu, hand stencils negatif, dan pola geometris. Penelitian ini juga membahas analisis latar belakang konteks sosial terhadap tradisi gambar cadas di wilayah sekitarnya, yaitu wilayah Laut Banda. Berdasarkan jaringan persebaran temuan gambar cadas di Indonesia Timur, maka menghasilkan pengetahuan baru bahwa analisis data sementara ini menunjukkan Situs Watu Sika merupakan kunci penghubung jalur persebaran gambar cadas yang berasal dari wilayah barat ke dua jalur, pertama jalur ke arah Timur Laut, yaitu wilayah Papua dan Jalur ke Selatan, yaitu ke arah Kepulauan di sekitar Laut Banda.Rock art in Indonesia has been investigated before the 20th century. A number of previous scientific publications noted the existence of rock art sites on Seram Island, Maluku Province, which was on the cliff of Sawai and Tala River. Recent archaeological surveys in the area of East Seram and Seram Laut conducted by a joint Indonesian-American Research Team discovered a new rock art site in the coast of East Seram. The rock art is painted on the cliff wall which is called by the locals as Watu Sika. Rock art on the Watu Sika Site is similar to a number of rock art at other sites in Eastern Indonesia which were mostly painted on karstic cliffs along the coast. This study used verbal and pictorial recording methods using the Dstretch application to clarify images to support identification. This study analyzed a number of figurative and non-figurative patterns of rock art motifs at Watu Sika Site. The results of the identification of a number of rock art motifs on this site show that there are several patterns including figures of human, animal, fish, boats, negative hand stencils, and geometric patterns. This study also discussed an analysis of the social context background of rock art tradition in the surrounding region, particularly at the Banda Sea region. Based on the distribution network of rock art findings in eastern Indonesia, new insights are generated that this interim data analysis show that Watu Sika Site is the key to connecting the distribution path of rock art originating from the western region into two lanes. The first lane to the Northeast, which is the Papua region and South Lane, expanding towards the Islands around the Banda Sea.

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