scholarly journals Cywilizacja Majów w nowych formach muzealnych. O przywłaszczaniu prekolumbijskiego dziedzictwa na rzecz meksykańskiej kultury narodowej

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Magdalena Biernacka
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
General Public ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Symbolic Manipulation ◽  
Maya Civilization ◽  
History Of

The Maya civilization in new forms of museum exposition. Appropriation of pre-Columbian heritage for the benefit of Mexican national cultureThe article is dedicated to the reconstruction and reinterpretation of pre-Columbian heritage by Mexican museums, with a special focus on the Maya civilization which is a permanent feature of the Mexican imagery and an object of artistic fascination. Characteristic of the history of the Yucatan, it is subject to symbolic manipulation and subordinated to the national culture. This is accompanied by the processes of its banalization, folklorization and commercialization which are facilitated by new audiovisual forms. References to the heritage are selective and the images are transformed and adjusted in order to develop apprehensible artistic products for the general public. Cywilizacja Majów w nowych formach muzealnych. O przywłaszczaniu prekolumbijskiego dziedzictwa na rzecz meksykańskiej kultury narodowejArtykuł poświęcony jest współczesnym działaniom w Meksyku w zakresie rekonstrukcji oraz reinterpretacji znaczenia spuścizny prekolumbijskiej dla kultury narodowej tego kraju, na przykładzie muzealnictwa. Chodzi zwłaszcza o dziedzictwo Majów, które jest trwałym elementem meksykańskiego imaginarium i obiektem artystycznej fascynacji. Charakterystyczne dla historii Jukatanu i jego ludności tubylczej, podlega ono zabiegom przywłaszczania na rzecz kultury narodowej, tj. podporządkowywania jako integralnej jej części. Towarzyszą temu procesy banalizacji, folkloryzacji oraz komercjalizacji spuścizny Majów, czego przykładem są nowe formy ekspozycyjne. Odniesienia do dziedzictwa mają charakter selektywny, obrazy traktowane są wybiórczo, adaptowane i poddawane obróbce audiowizualnej w celu wypracowania łatwych w odbiorze produktów artystycznych dla masowego odbiorcy, łączących w sposób swobodny przeszłość ze współczesnością.

Tanaka Kinuyo

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Japanese History ◽  
Female Subjectivity ◽  
Japanese Cinema ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
History Of

This is the first book in English dedicated to the actress and director Tanaka Kinuyo. Praised as amongst the greatest actors in the history of Japanese cinema, Tanaka’s career spanned the industrial development of cinema - from silent to sound, monochrome to colour. Alongside featuring in films by Ozu, Mizoguchi, Naruse and Kurosawa, Tanaka was also the only Japanese woman filmmaker between 1953 and 1962, and her films tackled distinctly feminine topics such as prostitution and breast cancer. Because her career overlaps with a transformative period in Japan, especially for women, this close analysis of her fascinating life and work offers new perspectives into the Japanese history of women and classical era of national cinema. The first half of the book focuses on Tanaka as actress and analyses the elements and meanings associated with her star image, and her powerful embodiment of diverse, at times contradictory, ideological discourses. The second half is dedicated to Tanaka as director and explores her public image as filmmaker and her depiction of gender and sexuality against the national history in order to reflect on her role and style as author. With a special focus on the melodrama genre and on the sociopolitical and economic contexts of film production, the book offers a revision of theories of stardom, authorship, and women’s cinema. In examining Tanaka’s iconic reification of femininities in relation to politics, national identity, and memory, the chapters shed light on the cultural construction of female subjectivity and sexuality in Japanese popular culture.

Improving the Efficacy of Anticancer Drugs via Encapsulation and Acoustic Release

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 857-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma E. Ahmed ◽  
Nahid Awad ◽  
Vinod Paul ◽  
Hesham G. Moussa ◽  
Ghaleb A. Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Medical Researchers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Enhanced Stability

Conventional chemotherapeutics lack the specificity and controllability, thus may poison healthy cells while attempting to kill cancerous ones. Newly developed nano-drug delivery systems have shown promise in delivering anti-tumor agents with enhanced stability, durability and overall performance; especially when used along with targeting and triggering techniques. This work traces back the history of chemotherapy, addressing the main challenges that have encouraged the medical researchers to seek a sanctuary in nanotechnological-based drug delivery systems that are grafted with appropriate targeting techniques and drug release mechanisms. A special focus will be directed to acoustically triggered liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin.

Atomized urbanism: secrecy and security from the Gulag to the Soviet closed cities

Urban History ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Asif Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
General Public ◽  
Early History ◽  
Physical Isolation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Camp System ◽  
Spatial Terms ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City

Abstract This article recovers the early history of the Soviet ‘closed city’, towns that during the Cold War were absent from maps and unknown to the general public due to their involvement in weapons research. I argue that the closed cities echoed and appropriated features of the Stalinist Gulag camp system, principally their adoption of physical isolation and the language of obfuscation. In doing so, I highlight a process called ‘atomized urbanism’ that embodies the tension between the obdurate reality of the city and the goal of the state to obliterate that reality through secrecy. In spatial terms, ‘atomized’ also describes the urban geography of these cities which lacked any kind of organic suburban expansion.

scholarly journals Different Within-Host Viral Evolution Dynamics in Severely Immunosuppressed Cases with Persistent SARS-CoV-2

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Laura Pérez-Lago ◽  
Teresa Aldámiz-Echevarría ◽  
Rita García-Martínez ◽  
Leire Pérez-Latorre ◽  
Marta Herranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
New Variant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolution Dynamics ◽  
The Uk

A successful Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, B.1.1.7, has recently been reported in the UK, causing global alarm. Most likely, the new variant emerged in a persistently infected patient, justifying a special focus on these cases. Our aim in this study was to explore certain clinical profiles involving severe immunosuppression that may help explain the prolonged persistence of viable viruses. We present three severely immunosuppressed cases (A, B, and C) with a history of lymphoma and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding (2, 4, and 6 months), two of whom finally died. Whole-genome sequencing of 9 and 10 specimens from Cases A and B revealed extensive within-patient acquisition of diversity, 12 and 28 new single nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively, which suggests ongoing SARS-CoV-2 replication. This diversity was not observed for Case C after analysing 5 sequential nasopharyngeal specimens and one plasma specimen, and was only observed in one bronchoaspirate specimen, although viral viability was still considered based on constant low Ct values throughout the disease and recovery of the virus in cell cultures. The acquired viral diversity in Cases A and B followed different dynamics. For Case A, new single nucleotide polymorphisms were quickly fixed (13–15 days) after emerging as minority variants, while for Case B, higher diversity was observed at a slower emergence: fixation pace (1–2 months). Slower SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary pace was observed for Case A following the administration of hyperimmune plasma. This work adds knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 prolonged shedding in severely immunocompromised patients and demonstrates viral viability, noteworthy acquired intra-patient diversity, and different SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary dynamics in persistent cases.

WHY STUDYING THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY MATTERS

Think ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (60) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Anna Marmodoro
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The debate over whether and how philosophers of today may usefully engage with philosophers of the past is nearly as old as the history of philosophy itself. Does the study of the history of philosophy train or corrupt the budding philosopher's mind? Why study the history of philosophy? And, how to study the history of philosophy? I discuss some mainstream approaches to the study of the history of philosophy (with special focus on ancient philosophy), before explicating the one I adopt and commend.

  G. BAEV’S ACTIVITIES ON CHRISTIAN EDUCATION IN OSSETIA.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.К. Гостиева
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
History Of

Одной из сфер многогранной деятельности видного государственного и общественного деятеля Осетии Георгия (Гаппо) Васильевича Баева являлось христианское просвещение, которое он видел в развитии осетинского языка и осетинской письменности, в издании богослужебной, научно-просветительной и художественной литературы на осетинском языке, в становлении национальной периодической печати. Отмечены заслуги Баева в этих областях культурной жизни Осетии. Рассмотрена его деятельность в качестве цензора религиозно-просветительского журнала на осетинском языке Чырыстон цард ( Христианская жизнь ), как одного из организаторов Осетинского издательского общества Ир , а также секретаря и председателя Общества распространения образования и технических сведений среди горцев Терской области. Особое внимание уделено переизданию Святого Евангелия на осетинском языке в новой редакции, его участию в выходе в свет поэмы А.Кубалова фхрдты Хсан и сборника стихотворений К.Л.Хетагурова Ирон фндыр , в издании газеты на осетинском языке. Показан его вклад в дело собирания и издания устного народного творчества осетин. Отмечена организационная и практическая помощь Баева выдающемуся русскому ученому В.Ф.Миллеру в период его работы над осетинско-русско-немецким словарем. Акцентировано внимание на активном участии Баева в жизни православной церкви, его помощи в ремонте и строительстве православных храмов и школ. Сделан вывод о том, что его активная деятельность по христианскому просвещению в Осетии оставила глубокий след в истории осетинского православия, способствовала развитию национальной культуры и формированию самосознания осетин. One of the spheres of multifaceted activities of the prominent state and public figure of Ossetia Georgy (Gappo) Vasilyevich Baev was Christian education, which, in his opinion, lay in the development of the Ossetian language and Ossetian writing, in the publication of liturgical, scientific and educational literature in the Ossetian language, in the formation of the national periodical press. Baevs merits in these fields of the cultural life of Ossetia are noted. His activity as a censor of the religious and educational magazine in Ossetian Chyryston tsard (Christian life), Secretary and Chairman of the society for the dissemination of education and technical information among the mountaineers of the Terek region, one of the organizers of the Ossetian publishing society IR is considered. Special attention is paid to the reissue of the Holy gospel in the Ossetian language in a new edition, the publication of A. Kubalovs poem fhrdty Hsan and the collection of poems by K.L. Khetagurov Iron fndyr, the publication of the newspaper in the Ossetian language. His contribution to the collection and publication of oral folk art of Ossetians is shown. Russian scholar V.F. Miller in his work on the Ossetian-Russian-German dictionary received organizational and practical assistance from G.Baev. Attention is focused on the active participation of Baev in the life of the Orthodox Church, assistance in the repairing and construction of Orthodox churches and schools. It is concluded that his active work on Christian education in Ossetia left a deep mark in the history of Ossetian Orthodoxy, contributed to the development of national culture and the formation of self-consciousness of Ossetians.

scholarly journals Echinocandins: structural diversity, biosynthesis, and development of antimycotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hüttel
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Hydrolytic Stability ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Invasive Mycosis ◽  
History Of

Abstract Echinocandins are a clinically important class of non-ribosomal antifungal lipopeptides produced by filamentous fungi. Due to their complex structure, which is characterized by numerous hydroxylated non-proteinogenic amino acids, echinocandin antifungal agents are manufactured semisynthetically. The development of optimized echinocandin structures is therefore closely connected to their biosynthesis. Enormous efforts in industrial research and development including fermentation, classical mutagenesis, isotope labeling, and chemical synthesis eventually led to the development of the active ingredients caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin, which are now used as first-line treatments against invasive mycosis. In the last years, echinocandin biosynthetic gene clusters have been identified, which allowed for the elucidation but also engineering of echinocandin biosynthesis on the molecular level. After a short description of the history of echinocandin research, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge of echinocandin biosynthesis with a special focus of the diverse structural elements, their biosynthetic background, and structure−activity relationships. Key points • Complex and highly oxidized lipopeptides produced by fungi. • Crucial in the design of drugs: side chain, solubility, and hydrolytic stability. • Genetic methods for engineering biosynthesis have recently become available.

scholarly journals The History of Cultural Policy in Indonesia 1900s-2000s

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Wildan Sena Utama
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This book investigates how culture, particularly national culture, in Indonesia has been shaped by the government policies from the Dutch colonial period in 1900s to the Reformation era in 2000s. It is an attempt to show the relationship between the state and culture around the process of production, circulation, regulation and reception of cultural policy through different regimes. Although this book discusses government policy, the author has realized that the book needs to overcome contradictions and confusions of cultural discourse by incorporating people as explanatory element. Many aspect of culturality may be influenced by the state, but according to Jones, “it is a field that is not stable and easy to shift that facilitates resistance, and is able to turn against the state, market and other institutions” (p. 31). Jones employs two postcolonial cultural policy tools to review the history of cultural policy in Indonesia: authoritarian cultural policy and command culture. The first means that the state has assumption if majority of citizen do not have capability to inspirit a responsible citizenship and need a state’s direction in the choice of their culture. On the contrary, command culture shows that the cultural idea that is planned in fact always been placing the state as center in planning, creating policy and revising cultural practice.

scholarly journals The value of the national language of science (part no. 1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-208
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Donskikh
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
National Language ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Fully Functioning ◽  
Science Part

The article examines the history of the formation of several languages of science – Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, Arabic and Latin - relating to the material of four languages and corresponding cultures. Several considerations are given in favor of the need to preserve the national languages of science. The stages of formation of languages of science in the system of culture are traced. There are two types of languages that are used by scientific communities: 1) languages that are rooted in the national culture and remain firmly linked with the natural language community; 2) languages that are reserved for performing a certain function, while in parallel, national languages are fully functioning in society. The first type includes the Greek and Arabic, the scientific languages of the second type are Sanskrit and Latin. The key role of the humanitarian, in particular poetic, philological and philosophical culture for the formation of the language of science is shown. Based on the material of the Ancient Greek language, the stages of its development over several centuries are traced, which resulted in such linguistic tools that allowed not only to use abstract conceptual concepts, but also to organize the vocabulary hierarchically, and this as a result allowed to form any needed generic chains. The importance of the appearance of impersonal texts that comes with collections of written documents alienated from a particular teacher is emphasized.

The Qing Empire's Last Flowering: The expansion of China's Post Office at the turn of the twentieth century

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-930
Author(s):  
WEIPIN TSAI
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
General Public ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Post Office ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Opium War ◽  
Great Rivers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe Great Qing Imperial Post Office was set up in 1896, soon after the First Sino-Japanese War. It provided the first national postal service for the general public in the whole of Chinese history, and was a symbol of China's increasing engagement with the rest of the globe. Much of the preparation for the launch was carried out by the high-ranking foreign staff of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service, an influential institution established after the first Opium War.With a mission to promote modernization and project Qing power, the Imperial Post Office was established with a centrally controlled set of unified methods and procedures, and its success was rooted in integration with the new railway network, a strategy at the heart of its ambitious plans for expansion. This article explores the history of this postal expansion through railways, the use of which allowed its creators to plan networks in an integrated way—from urban centres on the coasts and great rivers through to China's interior.

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