Using the Modified Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose Cation Membrane as a Separator in the Electrodialysis Device for Ammonia Nitrogen Removal

Bulk modification was applied to synthesize modified sugarcane bagasse cellulose (MSBC) cation exchange membrane using in electrodialysis device for the removal of ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The effect of MSBC mass fraction and pore forming agent in casting solution on membrane physico-chemical properties was studied. XRD showed that the crystal lattice of cellulose in membrane transformed from cellulose I to cellulose II, and the FT-IR displayed that there were no new functional groups after the membrane formation. With the increase of MSBC, the moisture content and swelling degree of the membrane decreased, but the mechanical strength increased and the IEC increased from 0.68 to 1.05 mmol/g. With the increase of pore-forming agent, the moisture content, swelling degree and increased in varying degrees, but the mechanical strength decreased, it is worth noting that ion exchange capacity (IEC) has increased from 0.31 to 1.35 mmol/g as the amount of pore agent is four times that of MSBC. The influence of initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen wastewater, voltage and electrolysis time on the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was higher when the initial concentration was 1500–2000 mg/L, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen can be up to 90.12% under the condition of the voltage is 10 V and the electrolysis time is 7 h. This implied that the cation exchange membranes prepared from MSBC can be produced that can be appliedin wastewater treatment.

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Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen by Combining the Ammonia Stripping with Electrochemical Oxidation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.454 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 664 ◽

pp. 454-457

Author(s):

Xiu Juan Yu ◽

Li Hong Ning

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effect ◽

Electrochemical Oxidation ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Ammonia Removal ◽

Electrolysis Time ◽

Removal Rates ◽

Ammonia Stripping ◽

Oxidation Technology ◽

Simulated Wastewater

The removal of ammonia nitrogen in simulated wastewater with 90mg/L NH4Cl was researched by ammonia stripping, electrochemical oxidation and the combination of the ammonia stripping and electrochemical oxidation. It is shown that the reduction of ammonia is enlarged with increasing of wastewater’s alkalinity during stripping. And the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen are 2.1% at pH2 and 43.1% at pH7 which is not related to the stripping time. The ammonia removal is higher efficiency in pH12 which is in the range of 45.1% and 61.4% when the stripping time is changed from 40 to 100 min. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is increased with the extension of electrolysis time by the way of the electrochemical oxidation. For 100min electrolysis, the ammonia removal in the cathodic and anodic compartments are 55.8% and 86.9%, respectively. Moreover, by using the ammonia stripping and electrochemical oxidation simultaneously, the ammonia removal in the cathodic and anodic compartments are up to 91.8% and 99.8% for 100min, respectively. The combining of the ammonia stripping with electrochemical oxidation technology has obviously synergistic effect in purifying ammonia nitrogen wastewater.

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Study on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Ammonia Nitrogen in Aquaculture Wastewater by Fe3+-Doped Nano-TiO2 under UV Irradiation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.2001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 476-478 ◽

pp. 2001-2004

Author(s):

Xiao Cai Yu ◽

Peng Fei Zhu ◽

Kui Sheng Song ◽

Dong Dong Hu ◽

Qian Du

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Photocatalytic Degradation ◽

Uv Irradiation ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Ph Value ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Nano Tio2 ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Aquaculture Wastewater

The Fe3+-doped nano-TiO2 catalyst with various amounts of dopant Fe3+ irons was prepared by a sol-gel method. The products were characterized by XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic degradation of ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture wastewater was investigated by using Fe3+-doped nano-TiO2 under UV irradiation. In the experiment, the effect of Fe3+/TiO2 dosage, the ratio of dopant Fe3+, ammonia-N initial concentration, pH value, H2O2 volume concentration, and reaction time, respectively, on the removal of ammonia-N was investigated. The experimental results can be stated as follows: when the ratio of dopant Fe3+ was 0.25% wt, the dosage of Fe3+/TiO2 was 0.7 g/L, the initial concentration of ammonia-N was 10 mg/L, H2O2 volume fraction was 4 %, respectively, if the reaction time may last 4 h, the removal rate of ammonia-N was expected to reach 97.17 %.

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The Preparation and the Research of Copper-Chelex Chitosan for Removal Ammonia-Nitrogen from the Drinking Water

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1166 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 113-116 ◽

pp. 1166-1169 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chun Ying Li ◽

Wei Guang Li ◽

Guang Zhi Wang ◽

Ke Wang

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Human Health ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Copper Acetate ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Water Inflow ◽

Initial Concentration

In order to remove ammonia-nitrogen from drinking water and reduce its threat to human health, Copper-chelex chitosan that is to be the new ammonia-nitrogen remover was prepared by chelating chitosan with copper acetate. In this paper, we measure the effect of this remover with pH= 7.5, 8.5, 9.5 and the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen, such as 1.5mg/L,2.5mg/L,5mg/L,10mg/L and 100mg/L. From the result of this experiment, we draw a conclusion that the removal efficiency of ammonia-nitrogen is about 80% when the pH is greater than 7.5 and the water inflow concentration of ammonia-nitrogen is 100mg/L. as the initial concentration ammonia-nitrogen is increasing, the removal rate is improved regularly.

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Reactive plasma cleaning and restoration of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

npj 2D Materials and Applications ◽

10.1038/s41699-020-00197-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniil Marinov ◽

Jean-François de Marneffe ◽

Quentin Smets ◽

Goutham Arutchelvan ◽

Kristof M. Bal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Transition Metal ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

Removal Rate ◽

2D Materials ◽

Scale Up ◽

Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Plasma Cleaning ◽

Transition Metal Dichalcogenide

AbstractThe cleaning of two-dimensional (2D) materials is an essential step in the fabrication of future devices, leveraging their unique physical, optical, and chemical properties. Part of these emerging 2D materials are transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). So far there is limited understanding of the cleaning of “monolayer” TMD materials. In this study, we report on the use of downstream H2 plasma to clean the surface of monolayer WS2 grown by MOCVD. We demonstrate that high-temperature processing is essential, allowing to maximize the removal rate of polymers and to mitigate damage caused to the WS2 in the form of sulfur vacancies. We show that low temperature in situ carbonyl sulfide (OCS) soak is an efficient way to resulfurize the material, besides high-temperature H2S annealing. The cleaning processes and mechanisms elucidated in this work are tested on back-gated field-effect transistors, confirming that transport properties of WS2 devices can be maintained by the combination of H2 plasma cleaning and OCS restoration. The low-damage plasma cleaning based on H2 and OCS is very reproducible, fast (completed in a few minutes) and uses a 300 mm industrial plasma etch system qualified for standard semiconductor pilot production. This process is, therefore, expected to enable the industrial scale-up of 2D-based devices, co-integrated with silicon technology.

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Effect of Addition of Green Coffee Parchment on Structural, Qualitative and Chemical Properties of Gluten-Free Bread

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10010005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Paola Littardi ◽

Massimiliano Rinaldi ◽

Maria Grimaldi ◽

Antonella Cavazza ◽

Emma Chiavaro

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Water Activity ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Green Coffee ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Wet Processing ◽

Total Antioxidant

Green coffee parchment (GCP) is becoming interesting, due to the diffusion of wet processing in which coffee parchment is collected separately; it is one of the less studied coffee by-products, but it is reported to be rich in phenolic compounds and dietary fiber. The addition of GCP (355–500 μm) at 2 % to gluten-free breads was investigated in terms of physical properties (volume, moisture content, water activity, crumb grain, texture, and color), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenol content during three days of storage. Moreover, the effects of GCP on sensorial characteristics, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and oxidative stability was evaluated. From the sensorial analysis, bread with 2% addition resulted in being acceptable for consumers with no significant differences from the control, while 4% of GCP was discarded by consumers, as it resulted in being too bitter. Moreover, GCP at 2% addition did not modify volume, moisture content, and water activity. On the contrary, GCP deeply affected the color with a darker aspect that was appreciated by consumers. Regarding texture, 2% of GCP did not affect hardness, cohesiveness, and staling process during storage. Interestingly, 2% of GCP significantly improved the TAC and oxidative stability of the bread; in accordance with these results, 2% of GCP reduced the HMF content, thanks to its antioxidant compounds.

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Kinetics and Equilibrium of Radioactive Metal Adsorption onto Sugarcane Bagasse Waste: Comparison of Batch and Column Adsorption Modes

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2019-1418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 235 (3) ◽

pp. 281-294

Author(s):

Abida Kausar ◽

Haq Nawaz Bhatti ◽

Munawar Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Breakthrough Curves ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Bed Height ◽

Column Adsorption ◽

Central Composite ◽

Bagasse Waste

Abstract Sugarcane bagasse waste biomass (SBWB) efficacy for the adsorption of Zr(IV) was investigated in batch and column modes. The process variables i.e. pH 1–4 (A), adsorbent dosage 0.0–0.3 g (B), and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration 25–200 mg/L (C) were studied. The experiments were run under central composite design (CCD) and data was analysed by response surface methodology (RSM) methodology. The factor A, B, C, AB interaction and square factor A2, C2 affected the Zr(IV) ions adsorption onto SBWB. The quadratic model fitted well to the adsorption data with high R2 values. The effect of bed height, flow rate and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration was also studied for column mode adsorption and efficiency was evaluated by breakthrough curves as well as Bed Depth Service and Thomas models. Bed height and Zr(IV) ions initial concentration enhanced the adsorption of capacity of Zr(IV) ions, whereas flow rate reduced the column efficiency.

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Experiment and Optimization of High-Efficiency Mechanical Separation of Peanut Seedlings and Residual Film Based on Suspension Velocity

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.14512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 1381-1389

Author(s):

Fengwei Gu ◽

Meng Yang ◽

Zhichao Hu ◽

Yanhua Zhang ◽

Chong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Test Results ◽

Material Loss ◽

Validation Test ◽

Residual Film ◽

Forage Utilization

HighlightsAn efficient method for separating peanut seedlings and residual film harvested from film-mulched peanut was proposed, and the mechanism was optimized.The relationships between the suspension velocity and moisture content of different shredded materials were studied.Four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experiments were carried out and analyzed, and the optimal parameter combination was determined.A validation test was carried out to verify the rationality and accuracy of the optimized regression model.Abstract. To address the problems of lower residual film removal and higher material loss in the forage utilization of peanut seedlings wrapped in residual film, this study explored the relationships between the suspension velocity and moisture content of different shredded materials derived from peanut seedlings and conducted performance tests and parameter optimization for a machine that uses peanut seedlings as forage material. Four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experiments were designed using the rotational speeds of the shredding shaft, upper fans, and lower fans and the frequency of the vibrating sieve as test factors, and using the residual film removal rate and material loss rate as response values. The test results indicated that the suspension velocity of the shredded materials showed a quadratic relationship with moisture content. The performance tests showed that the significance sequence of the test factors for the residual film removal rate was: rotational speed of the lower fans, rotational speed of the upper fans, rotational speed of the shredding shaft, and frequency of the vibrating sieve. The significance sequence for the material loss rate was: rotational speed of the lower fans, rotational speed of the shredding shaft, frequency of the vibrating sieve, and rotational speed of the upper fans. The parameter optimization and validation test showed that the residual film removal rate was 92.71% and the material loss rate was 8.19% when the rotational speeds of the shredding shaft, upper fans, and lower fans were 1650, 770, and 665 rpm, respectively, and the frequency of the vibrating sieve was 4 Hz. The relative errors between the validation test results and the predicted values from the regression models were less than 3%, which suggests that the regression models are reliable. This study provides a reference for the forage utilization of peanut seedlings harvested from film-mulched peanut and provides a reference for determining the optimal working parameters of forage processing machines. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Box-Behnken experiment, Optimization, Peanut film-seedling separation, Suspension velocity.

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Pickle and Chutney Development from Fresh Hog Plum (Spondias dulcis)

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14604 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

MHR Bhuiyan

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Salt Concentration ◽

Storage Stability ◽

Sugar Concentration ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Effect of Saturated Steam Heat Treatment on Physical and Chemical Properties of Bamboo

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25081999 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1999 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qiuyi Wang ◽

Xinwu Wu ◽

Chenglong Yuan ◽

Zhichao Lou ◽

Yanjun Li

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Saturated Steam ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Steam Heat

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the heat treatment time and initial moisture content of bamboo on the corresponding chemical composition, crystallinity, and mechanical properties after saturated steam heat treatment at 180 °C. The mechanism of saturated steam heat treatment of bamboo was revealed on the micro-level, providing a theoretical basis for the regulation of bamboo properties and the optimization of heat treatment process parameters. XRD patterns of the treated bamboo slices were basically the same. With the increase in the initial moisture content of bamboo, the crystallinity of bamboo increased first and then decreased after treatment. Due to the saturated steam heat treatment, the content of cellulose and lignin in bamboo slices increased while the content of hemicellulose decreased, but the content of cellulose in bamboo with a 40% initial moisture content increased first and then decreased. The shear strength of treated bamboo changed little within 10 min after saturated steam heat treatment, and then decreased rapidly. During the first 20 min with saturated steam heat treatment, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of elasticity of the treated bamboo increased, and then decreased.

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Physico-chemical properties, probiotic stability and sensory characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum S20 – supplemented passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.) juice powder

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).295 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 320-326

Author(s):

Reifrey, A. Lascano ◽

M.G.L.D. Gan ◽

A.S.L. Sulabo ◽

D.M.O. Santiago ◽

L.B. Ancheta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Passiflora Edulis ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Significant Difference

The study aimed to develop a non-dairy-based probiotic-supplemented product using an underutilized crop in the Philippines such as the yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.). The physico-chemical properties (moisture content, water activity, pH, and total soluble solids), probiotics stability at different storage temperatures (4°C, 25°C, and 37°C), and the sensory characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum S20-supplemented passion fruit juice powder was evaluated. Passion fruit juice powder and L. plantarum S20 were first prepared using low-temperature spray drying utilizing maltodextrin as a carrier, with yield as 42.97% and 21.17%, respectively. Spray drying of probiotics culture also resulted in 42.68% log survivability. The formulated juice powder had a final moisture content of 1.729±0.38% and water activity of 0.398±0.0051, and with recommended dilution with water, had a final pH and total soluble solids of 3.40±0.10 and 12.00±0.00° Brix, respectively. Results also showed that storage of the formulated juice powder at 4°C yielded the highest probiotic stability, maintaining a viable log count of 4.27 per g, while storage at 37°C showed no microbial growth. Sensory evaluation of probioticsupplemented passion fruit juice against a non-probiotic-supplemented one revealed significant difference in terms of color, sweetness, and sourness, while no significant difference was observed in terms of aroma, mouthfeel, and general acceptability.

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