A Novel ECG Automatic Detection Using LongShort-Term Memory Network and Internet of Things Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1592-1598
Author(s):  
Xufei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Lstm Network ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

The early detection of cardiovascular diseases based on electrocardiogram (ECG) is very important for the timely treatment of cardiovascular patients, which increases the survival rate of patients. ECG is a visual representation that describes changes in cardiac bioelectricity and is the basis for detecting heart health. With the rise of edge machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, small machine learning models have received attention. This study proposes an ECG automatic classification method based on Internet of Things technology and LSTM network to achieve early monitoring and early prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, this paper first proposes a single-layer bidirectional LSTM network structure. Make full use of the timing-dependent features of the sampling points before and after to automatically extract features. The network structure is more lightweight and the calculation complexity is lower. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed classification model, the relevant comparison algorithm is used to verify on the MIT-BIH public data set. Secondly, the model is embedded in a wearable device to automatically classify the collected ECG. Finally, when an abnormality is detected, the user is alerted by an alarm. The experimental results show that the proposed model has a simple structure and a high classification and recognition rate, which can meet the needs of wearable devices for monitoring ECG of patients.

scholarly journals Wearable Internet-of-Things platform for human activity recognition and health care

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 155014772091156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Farman Ullah ◽  
Hafeez Anwar ◽  
Ata Ur Rehman ◽  
Kiran Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Data Set

We propose to perform wearable sensors-based human physical activity recognition. This is further extended to an Internet-of-Things (IoT) platform which is based on a web-based application that integrates wearable sensors, smartphones, and activity recognition. To this end, a smartphone collects the data from wearable sensors and sends it to the server for processing and recognition of the physical activity. We collect a novel data set of 13 physical activities performed both indoor and outdoor. The participants are from both the genders where their number per activity varies. During these activities, the wearable sensors measure various body parameters via accelerometers, gyroscope, magnetometers, pressure, and temperature. These measurements and their statistical are then represented in features vectors that used to train and test supervised machine learning algorithms (classifiers) for activity recognition. On the given data set, we evaluate a number of widely known classifiers such random forests, support vector machine, and many others using the WEKA machine learning suite. Using the default settings of these classifiers in WEKA, we attain the highest overall classification accuracy of 90%. Consequently, such a recognition rate is encouraging, reliable, and effective to be used in the proposed platform.

CvT Fault Diagnosis Method of Manifold Sensitive Modal Matrix Under Variable Speed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao DeChen ◽  
HuaLing Li ◽  
JinYing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Rotating Machinery ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Diagnosis Model

Abstract Rotating machinery (RM) is one of the most common mechanical equipment in engineering applications and has a broad and vital role. Rotating machinery includes gearboxes, bearing motors, generators, etc. In industrial production, the important position of rotating machinery and its variable speed and complex working conditions lead to unstable vibration characteristics, which have become a research hotspot in mechanical fault diagnosis. Aiming at the multi-classification problem of rotating machinery with variable speed and complex working conditions, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on the construction of improved sensitive mode matrix (ISMM), isometric mapping (ISOMAP) and Convolution-Vision Transformer network (CvT) structure. After overlapping and sampling the variable speed signals, a high-dimensional ISMM is constructed, and the ISMM is mapped into the manifold space through ISOMAP manifold learning. This method can extract the fault transient characteristics of the variable speed signal, and the experiment proves that it can solve the problem that the conventional method cannot effectively extract the characteristics of the variable speed data. CvT combines the advantages of self-attention mechanism and convolution in CNN, so the CvT network structure is used for feature extraction and fault recognition and classification. The CvT network structure takes into account both global feature extraction and local feature extraction, which greatly reduces the number of training iterations and the size of the network model. Two data sets (the HFXZ-I planetary gearbox variable speed data set in the laboratory and the bearing variable speed public data set of the University of Ottawa in Canada) are used to experimentally verify the proposed fault diagnosis model. Experimental results show that the proposed fault diagnosis model has good recognition accuracy and robustness.

scholarly journals Predicting In Vitro Neurotoxicity Induced by Nanoparticles Using Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5280
Author(s):  
Irini Furxhi ◽  
Finbarr Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tissue Specific

The practice of non-testing approaches in nanoparticles hazard assessment is necessary to identify and classify potential risks in a cost effective and timely manner. Machine learning techniques have been applied in the field of nanotoxicology with encouraging results. A neurotoxicity classification model for diverse nanoparticles is presented in this study. A data set created from multiple literature sources consisting of nanoparticles physicochemical properties, exposure conditions and in vitro characteristics is compiled to predict cell viability. Pre-processing techniques were applied such as normalization methods and two supervised instance methods, a synthetic minority over-sampling technique to address biased predictions and production of subsamples via bootstrapping. The classification model was developed using random forest and goodness-of-fit with additional robustness and predictability metrics were used to evaluate the performance. Information gain analysis identified the exposure dose and duration, toxicological assay, cell type, and zeta potential as the five most important attributes to predict neurotoxicity in vitro. This is the first tissue-specific machine learning tool for neurotoxicity prediction caused by nanoparticles in in vitro systems. The model performs better than non-tissue specific models.

scholarly journals Social Media Analytics of the Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Scheibmeir ◽  
Yashwant K. Malaiya
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Media Analytics ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract The Internet of Things technology offers convenience and innovation in areas such as smart homes and smart cities. Internet of Things solutions require careful management of devices and the risk mitigation of potential vulnerabilities within cyber-physical systems. The Internet of Things concept, its implementations, and applications are frequently discussed on social media platforms. This article illuminates the public view of the Internet of Things through a content-based analysis of contemporary conversations occurring on the Twitter platform. Tweets can be analyzed with machine learning methods to converge the volume and variety of conversations into predictive and descriptive models. We have reviewed 684,503 tweets collected in a two-week period. Using supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods, we have identified interconnecting relationships between trending themes and the most mentioned industries. We have identified characteristics of language sentiment which can help to predict popularity within the realm of IoT conversation. We found the healthcare industry as the leading use case industry for IoT implementations. This is not surprising as the current Covid-19 pandemic is driving significant social media discussions. There was an alarming dearth of conversations towards cybersecurity. Only 12% of the tweets relating to the Internet of Things contained any mention of topics such as encryption, vulnerabilities, or risk, among other cybersecurity-related terms.

scholarly journals BovDB: A data set of stock quotes for Machine Learning on all companies from B3 between 1995 and 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Corrêa Cardoso ◽  
Juan Malska ◽  
Paulo Ramiro ◽  
Giancarlo Lucca ◽  
Eduardo N. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cumulative Factor

Stock markets are responsible for the movement of huge amounts of financial resources around the world. This market generates a high volume of transaction data, which after being analyzed are very useful for many applications. In this paper we present BovDB, a data set that was built considering as source the Brazilian Stock Exchange (B3) with information related to the years between 1995 and 2020. We have approached the events’ impact on the stocks by applying a cumulative factor to correct prices. The results were compared with public data from InfoMoney and BR Investing, showing that our methods are valid and in accordance with the market standards. BovDB data set can be used as a benchmark for different applications and is publicly available for any researcher on GitHub.

scholarly journals A Self-Supervised Machine Learning Approach for Objective Live Cell Segmentation and Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Raphael ◽  
Michael Robitaille ◽  
Jeff Byers ◽  
Joseph Christodoulides
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Label Cell ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Cell Segmentation ◽  
Data Set

Abstract Machine learning algorithms hold the promise of greatly improving live cell image analysis by way of (1) analyzing far more imagery than can be achieved by more traditional manual approaches and (2) by eliminating the subjective nature of researchers and diagnosticians selecting the cells or cell features to be included in the analyzed data set. Currently, however, even the most sophisticated model based or machine learning algorithms require user supervision, meaning the subjectivity problem is not removed but rather incorporated into the algorithm’s initial training steps and then repeatedly applied to the imagery. To address this roadblock, we have developed a self-supervised machine learning algorithm that recursively trains itself directly from the live cell imagery data, thus providing objective segmentation and quantification. The approach incorporates an optical flow algorithm component to self-label cell and background pixels for training, followed by the extraction of additional feature vectors for the automated generation of a cell/background classification model. Because it is self-trained, the software has no user-adjustable parameters and does not require curated training imagery. The algorithm was applied to automatically segment cells from their background for a variety of cell types and five commonly used imaging modalities - fluorescence, phase contrast, differential interference contrast (DIC), transmitted light and interference reflection microscopy (IRM). The approach is broadly applicable in that it enables completely automated cell segmentation for long-term live cell phenotyping applications, regardless of the input imagery’s optical modality, magnification or cell type.

scholarly journals A Self-Supervised Machine Learning Approach for Objective Live Cell Segmentation and Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Robitaille ◽  
Jeff M. Byers ◽  
Joseph A. Christodoulides ◽  
Marc P. Raphael
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Label Cell ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Cell Segmentation ◽  
Data Set

Machine learning algorithms hold the promise of greatly improving live cell image analysis by way of (1) analyzing far more imagery than can be achieved by more traditional manual approaches and (2) by eliminating the subjective nature of researchers and diagnosticians selecting the cells or cell features to be included in the analyzed data set. Currently, however, even the most sophisticated model based or machine learning algorithms require user supervision, meaning the subjectivity problem is not removed but rather incorporated into the algorithm's initial training steps and then repeatedly applied to the imagery. To address this roadblock, we have developed a self-supervised machine learning algorithm that recursively trains itself directly from the live cell imagery data, thus providing objective segmentation and quantification. The approach incorporates an optical flow algorithm component to self-label cell and background pixels for training, followed by the extraction of additional feature vectors for the automated generation of a cell/background classification model. Because it is self-trained, the software has no user-adjustable parameters and does not require curated training imagery. The algorithm was applied to automatically segment cells from their background for a variety of cell types and five commonly used imaging modalities - fluorescence, phase contrast, differential interference contrast (DIC), transmitted light and interference reflection microscopy (IRM). The approach is broadly applicable in that it enables completely automated cell segmentation for long-term live cell phenotyping applications, regardless of the input imagery's optical modality, magnification or cell type.

Detection of Epileptic Seizure Using Pretrained Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Transfer Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-614
Author(s):  
Hidir Selcuk Nogay ◽  
Hojjat Adeli
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Data Set

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The diagnosis of epilepsy takes a certain process, depending entirely on the attending physician. However, the human factor may cause erroneous diagnosis in the analysis of the EEG signal. In the past 2 decades, many advanced signal processing and machine learning methods have been developed for the detection of epileptic seizures. However, many of these methods require large data sets and complex operations. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, an end-to-end machine learning model is presented for detection of epileptic seizure using the pretrained deep two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and the concept of transfer learning. The EEG signal is converted directly into visual data with a spectrogram and used directly as input data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The authors analyzed the results of the training of the proposed pretrained AlexNet CNN model. Both binary and ternary classifications were performed without any extra procedure such as feature extraction. By performing data set creation from short-term spectrogram graphic images, the authors were able to achieve 100% accuracy for binary classification for epileptic seizure detection and 100% for ternary classification. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The proposed automatic identification and classification model can help in the early diagnosis of epilepsy, thus providing the opportunity for effective early treatment.

scholarly journals Internet of Things and Machine Learning for Healthy Ageing: Identifying the Early Signs of Dementia

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6031
Author(s):  
Farhad Ahamed ◽  
Seyed Shahrestani ◽  
Hon Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Nonintrusive Monitoring

Identifying the symptoms of the early stages of dementia is a difficult task, particularly for older adults living in residential care. Internet of Things (IoT) and smart environments can assist with the early detection of dementia, by nonintrusive monitoring of the daily activities of the older adults. In this work, we focus on the daily life activities of adults in a smart home setting to discover their potential cognitive anomalies using a public dataset. After analysing the dataset, extracting the features, and selecting distinctive features based on dynamic ranking, a classification model is built. We compare and contrast several machine learning approaches for developing a reliable and efficient model to identify the cognitive status of monitored adults. Using our predictive model and our approach of distinctive feature selection, we have achieved 90.74% accuracy in detecting the onset of dementia.

scholarly journals Iterative Reweighted Noninteger Norm Regularizing SVM for Gene Expression Data Classification

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Liu ◽  
Shuang Cheng Li ◽  
Xionglin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Public Data

Support vector machine is an effective classification and regression method that uses machine learning theory to maximize the predictive accuracy while avoiding overfitting of data.L2regularization has been commonly used. If the training dataset contains many noise variables,L1regularization SVM will provide a better performance. However, bothL1andL2are not the optimal regularization method when handing a large number of redundant values and only a small amount of data points is useful for machine learning. We have therefore proposed an adaptive learning algorithm using the iterative reweightedp-norm regularization support vector machine for 0 <p≤ 2. A simulated data set was created to evaluate the algorithm. It was shown that apvalue of 0.8 was able to produce better feature selection rate with high accuracy. Four cancer data sets from public data banks were used also for the evaluation. All four evaluations show that the new adaptive algorithm was able to achieve the optimal prediction error using apvalue less thanL1norm. Moreover, we observe that the proposedLppenalty is more robust to noise variables than theL1andL2penalties.

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