Impact of Chain Length on Release Behavior of Modified Polyethylene Glycol Intercalated-Montmorillonite Nanocomposite

A new drug delivery nanocomposite system was prepared from sodium montmorillonite (Na+Mt) intercalated with modified polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEGs of different molecular weights (400, 4000, and 8000) were modified with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) to provide terminal quaternary ammonium sites capable for attaching with Mt or other materials through ion exchange. The modified PEG-GTMAC derivatives were reacted in excess amount with Na+Mt through ion exchange. The remaining quaternary sites were used for the attachment of sodium diclofenac as a model drug. The structures of the prepared clay-modified PEG-diclofenac systems were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The release behavior of diclofenac from the different nanocomposites was studied at different pH values. With regard to the PEG chain length, the drug release increased with increasing PEG molecular weight (GCDIII > GCD-III > GCDII > GCDI). The kinetics of the release models was discussed using Korsmeyer–Peppas, Higuchi, and zero- and first-order models. The results of the kinetics study revealed that modified samples with PEG 400 and PEG 4000 (GCD-I and GCDII) exhibited non-Fickian diffusion (anomalous transport) while modified samples with PEG 8000 (GCDIII) exhibited super case-II transport.

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The Influence of Temperature and Viscosity of Polyethylene Glycol on the Rate of Microwave-Induced In Situ Amorphization of Celecoxib

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Nele-Johanna Hempel ◽

Tra Dao ◽

Matthias M. Knopp ◽

Ragna Berthelsen ◽

Korbinian Löbmann

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Microwave Radiation ◽

Magnesium Stearate ◽

Einstein Equations ◽

Dissolution Process ◽

Target Temperature ◽

Peg 4000 ◽

Lower Viscosity ◽

Model Drug

Microwaved-induced in situ amorphization of a drug in a polymer has been suggested to follow a dissolution process, with the drug dissolving into the mobile polymer at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer. Thus, based on the Noyes–Whitney and the Stoke–Einstein equations, the temperature and the viscosity are expected to directly impact the rate and degree of drug amorphization. By investigating two different viscosity grades of polyethylene glycol (PEG), i.e., PEG 3000 and PEG 4000, and controlling the temperature of the microwave oven, it was possible to study the influence of both, temperature and viscosity, on the in situ amorphization of the model drug celecoxib (CCX) during exposure to microwave radiation. In this study, compacts containing 30 wt% CCX, 69 wt% PEG 3000 or PEG 4000 and 1 wt% lubricant (magnesium stearate) were exposed to microwave radiation at (i) a target temperature, or (ii) a target viscosity. It was found that at the target temperature, compacts containing PEG 3000 displayed a faster rate of amorphization as compared to compacts containing PEG 4000, due to the lower viscosity of PEG 3000 compared to PEG 4000. Furthermore, at the target viscosity, which was achieved by setting different temperatures for compacts containing PEG 3000 and PEG 4000, respectively, the compacts containing PEG 3000 displayed a slower rate of amorphization, due to a lower target temperature, than compacts containing PEG 4000. In conclusion, with lower viscosity of the polymer, at temperatures above its Tg, and with higher temperatures, both increasing the diffusion coefficient of the drug into the polymer, the rate of amorphization was increased allowing a faster in situ amorphization during exposure to microwave radiation. Hereby, the theory that the microwave-induced in situ amorphization process can be described as a dissolution process of the drug into the polymer, at temperatures above the Tg, is further strengthened.

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Influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain length on the thermal behavior of spin-coated thin films of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/PEG blends

Journal of Molecular Structure ◽

10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.02.059 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1124 ◽

pp. 159-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yujing Chen ◽

Yeonju Park ◽

Isao Noda ◽

Young Mee Jung

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Thermal Behavior ◽

Chain Length ◽

Biodegradable Poly ◽

Peg Chain Length

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EVALUATING THE BEST POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL AS SOLID DISPERSION CARRIER BY TAKING ETORICOXIB AS A MODEL DRUG

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i3.30251 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 250-255

Author(s):

HEMANTH A ◽

HINDUSTAN ABDUL AHAD ◽

DEVANNA N

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Solid Dispersion ◽

Solid Dispersions ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Good Solubility ◽

Peg 4000 ◽

Tablet Compression ◽

Model Drug ◽

Peg 8000

Objective: The main objective of the current research is focused in discovering the best polyethylene glycol (PEG) as solid dispersion carrier using etoricoxib (ECB) as a model drug. Methods: Varieties of PEG, namely PEG - 3350, PEG - 4000, PEG - 6000, PEG - 8000, and PEG - 20000, were evaluated as a carrier for making ECB solid dispersions. ECB:PEG was taken in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 1:6. The solid dispersions were prepared by microwave fusion method and compressed using 8 station tablet compression machine. The fabricated solid dispersion tablets were tested for physicochemical characteristics and drug release rates. The release of ECB from the prepared solid dispersions was further analyzed kinetically using the first order and Hixson-Crowell’s plots. Results: All the solid dispersion batches were shown satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. ECB solid dispersion batches with PEG - 6000 showed good solubility in distilled water (up to 2.29±0.01 μg/ml) and in 0.1 N HCl (up to 2.18±0.01 μg/ml) when compared with ECB alone (0.21±0.01 μg/ml and 0.32±0.01 μg/ml). The prepared solid dispersions with PEG 6000 are shown good ECB release. Conclusion: Among PEG carriers, PEG - 6000 was found to be the best carrier for increasing the solubility and release rate of ECB form the solid dispersions compared to PEG - 3350, PEG - 4000, PEG - 8000, and PEG - 20000.

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Toward Understanding Curcumin Delivery by Trimethyl Chitosan -polyethylene Glycol: Optimization Ofpolymer Concentration and Chain Length by Molecular Dynamics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-36963/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Somayeh Sohrabi ◽

Mohammad Khedri ◽

Reza Maleki ◽

Mostafa Moraveji ◽

Ebrahim Ghasemy

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Chain Length ◽

Delivery System ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Molecular Study ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Optimal Value ◽

Peg Chain Length

Abstract The second main cause of death in the world and one of the major public health problems is cancer. Curcumin is anatural bioactive substance with good anti-cancerous effect.However, due to thelow cellular uptake of curcumin anti-cancer drug, it is vital to exploit a noble formulation, which can contribute to a decrease in its hydrophobicity and enables theefficient therapeutic effect of curcumin. Biocompatibility and hydrophilicity of the polyethylene glycol cause itto be one of the most attractive drug carriers. Chitosan is also of great importance, consideringits biocompatibility,and is used along with thedrug-carrying polymers. In this study, for the first time, a combination oftrimethyl chitosan and polyethylene glycol was employedto deliver curcumin.Herein, hydrophilicity, stability, and energy analysis of the systems have been investigated, from which it was found thatthe 60/40 is the optimum ratio concentration ofchitosan to polyethylene glycol for Curcumin delivery. Another characteristic property of the hybrid drug delivery system was the PEG chain length, with its least magnitude being the optimal value. Results of the present molecular study give a practicalinsight into the curcumin drug delivery system and propose a novel hybrid carrier for efficient curcumin delivery, which can be further exploited to develop novel nanomedicine systems.

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Effect of Different Molecular Weight and Concentration of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) on Tensile and Morphology of Sago Starch Film

ASM Science Journal ◽

10.32802/asmscj.2021.571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Norzita Yacob

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Tensile Stress ◽

Sago Starch ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Peg 4000 ◽

Starch Films ◽

Ftir Technique

Sago starch is a seasonal based plantation and widely found in Asia country. Its application mainly in cooking such as biscuits and as a thickener in jellies. To further utilize its application, bioplastic from sago starch was developed. In this study, sago starch films were prepared through a blending and casting method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a plasticizer by varying its molecular weights and concentrations. The interaction between starch and PEG in the blend was studied using FTIR technique. The effect on transparency, tensile stress, Young’s modulus as well as elongation percentages of the films was also examined. The results suggested that the addition of low molecular weight PEG (400 g.mol-1) increased the tensile stress of sago films from 33.51 MPa up to 39.11 MPa. Nevertheless, incorporation of high molecular weight of PEG (4000 g.mol-1) decreased the tensile strength of the film. Tensile strength and elongation at break of sago films increased with increasing of PEG concentration up to 2% and decreased with further increased of PEG content. Results indicated that there was a miscibility between these two components.

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The polyethylene glycol xanthate-mediated synthesis of block copolymers via novel MADIX agents containing azo initiator: Effect of PEG chain length on molecular properties

Polymer Bulletin ◽

10.1007/s00289-021-03813-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Umit Yildiko ◽

Ahmet Cagri Ata ◽

İsmail Cakmak ◽

Aslihan Aycan Tanriverdi

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Block Copolymers ◽

Chain Length ◽

Molecular Properties ◽

Initiator Effect ◽

Azo Initiator ◽

Peg Chain Length

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Enhanced toughness of reed (Phragmites australis) stalk with polyethylene glycol

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.3.7127-7142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 7127-7142

Author(s):

Xue Zhao ◽

Mingjie Wang ◽

Kai Shang ◽

Yao Chen ◽

Jianmin Gao

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Phragmites Australis ◽

Dimensional Stability ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Thermomechanical Analysis ◽

Sodium Chlorite ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Peg 4000 ◽

Ft Ir

Reed (Phragmites australis) is a cosmopolitan grass that is often the dominant species in the ecosystems it inhabits. It is widely used in furniture decoration as reed weaving products. However, the application of reed is limited due to its brittle nature and susceptibility to cracks. To increase the toughness of reed stalk, sodium chlorite (NaClO2) was used to remove the lignin from reed stalk, and then polyethylene glycol with different molecular weights (PEG 600, PEG 1000, PEG 2000, and PEG 4000) was used as a plasticizer. The micromorphology, crystal structure, and surface chemical composition of the modified reed stalk were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The bending strength and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA) of the reed stalk were evaluated. The results showed that the delignified reed stalks plasticized with PEG 1000 or PEG 2000 showed better dimensional stability and toughness, and the smallest elastic modulus (133.268 MPa) was obtained when the samples were treated with PEG 2000. The results of thickness swelling showed that the dimensional stability increased after PEG modification. This research may provide the theoretical basis for the modification of reed stalk.

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Pengaruh Konsentrasi Polyethylene glycol (PEG) pada Sifat Kemagnetan Nanopartikel Magnetik PEG-Coated Fe3O4 (Halaman 35 s.d. 40)

Jurnal Fisika Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jfi.24432 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (51) ◽

Author(s):

Seveny Nuzully ◽

Takeshi Kato ◽

Edi Suharyadi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Peg 4000 ◽

Infra Red

Nanopartikel magnetit (Fe3O4) telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi dengan penambahan Polyethylene Glycol (PEG-4000) sebagai coating. Distribusi ukuran partikel dan sifat magnetik dari nanopartikel ini diteliti berdasarkan perbandingan massa Fe3O4 dan PEG, yaitu 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 1:2, dan 1:3. Distribusi ukuran partikel dikarakteristik dengan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) sedangkan pengujian awal untuk mengetahui struktur kristal yang terkandung dalam sampel hasil sintesis dikarakteristik dengan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), kemudian untuk mengetahui keberhasilan coating PEG dapat dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) serta sifat magnetiknya dapat dikarakterisasi menggunakan Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Sampel 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 1:2, 1:3 berturut-turut meiliki nilai Ms 37,2; 49,7; 55,2; 61,7; 27,7; 33,7 dan nilai Mr 4,8; 6,4; 6,6; 8,0; 3,3; 4,7. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi PEG mengakibatkan nilai saturation magnetic (Ms) dan remanence magnetic (Mr) turun, kecuali pada sampel dengan perbandingan 1:3.

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Pengaruh Konsentrasi Polyethylene glycol (PEG) pada Sifat Kemagnetan Nanopartikel Magnetik PEG-Coated Fe3O4 (Halaman 35 s.d. 40)

Jurnal Fisika Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jfi.13753 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (51) ◽

Author(s):

Seveny Nuzully ◽

Takeshi Kato ◽

Edi Suharyadi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Peg 4000 ◽

Infra Red

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Correlative light, scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of polyethylene glycol (PEG) embedded and subsequently de-embedded tissues

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100156456 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 894-895

Author(s):

Hisatake Kondo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Critical Point ◽

Glass Slides ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Peg 4000 ◽

Gentle Agitation ◽

Reliable Procedure

Our understanding of the detailed morphology of bioloqical specimens often requires the correlation between images of the surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and of the underlining interior structure by light microscopy (LM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order to accomplish the correlation with high quality, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) embedding and subsequent deembedding has been revealed to be a simple and quite reliable procedure.Tissue or cell samples are fixed and dehydrated in ethanol according to the conventional procedures. Vials containing the specimens in 100% ethanol are warmed in an oven at about 60°C and approximately equal amount of pure molten PEG-4000 is added in the vials. PEG is easily dissolved by gentle agitation. Thereafter the specimens are transferred to pure molten PEG contained in well-dried gelatin capsules. After the specimens have been sunk to the bottom of the capsule, each capsule is immersed in liquid nitrogen to solidify PEG. Portions of the solidified PEG including the specimens are cut out with a razer blade and mounted with dental wax on supporting stubs fitting the collet of the microtome. The specimen blocks are sectioned with a well-dried glass or diamond knife. Wrinkle-free sections, 200-300 nm thick, can be easily obtained with some practice unless the room atmosphere is humid. The sections are picked up with a platinum loop filled with 2.5 % sucrose and mounted on glass slides for LM or formvar-coated grids for TEM, both of which have previously been treated with 0.1 % poly-L-lysine. For LM sections may be processed for immunohistochemistry. For TEM, sections on grids are put into a submerged grid holder in 90 % ethanol. The holder is transferred to 100 % ethanol and subsequently to a critical point apparatus with carbon dioxide. For SEM, the specimen blocks with its mirror-smooth face, after taking sections, is removed from the stubs and immersed in warm water to get rid of PEG. The blocks are then dehydrated in ethanol and critical point dried with carbon dioxide.

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