Synthesis, Different Characterizations and Pigment Application of Nanoceramic Zirconate Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2212-2220
Author(s):  
T. S. Gokul Raja ◽  
S. Balamurugan ◽  
A. Reshma
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Pyrochlore Phase ◽  
Pyrochlore Structure ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Highly Uniform

In this work, several attempts were made to prepare nanoceramic zirconate (Nd2Zr2O7) powder for pigment applications. The single pyrochlore phase, Nd2Zr2O7 was successfully synthesized with the aid of flux at relatively low temperature (1000 °C) upon milling the reaction mixture made from Nd2O3 and ZrO2 in a tungsten carbide vial. Several characterizations were done on the thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, and near-infrared (NIR spectroscopy). A single-phase nanocrystalline (˜28 nm) pyrochlore structure (Fd3m) was confirmed through XRD analysis. A highly uniform particle in the size of ˜110 nm was observed for the Nd2Zr2O7 phase in the microimages. The vibrational (FT-IR) peaks at 423 cm-1 and 510 cm-1 in FTIR spectroscopic study confirmed the formation of pyrochlore structure. Higher NIR reflectivity recorded for this material in the 750–2500 nm region shows its novel application in color cool pigments for energy-saving paints reminiscent of Bi2−xYxCe2O7, Bi2Ce2−xTbxO7, and Gd2Ti2O7.

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199656
Author(s):  
Erdoğan Karip ◽  
Mehtap Muratoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

People are exposed to different kinds of diseases or various accidents in life. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely employed for bone treatment applications. In this study, HA was extracted from sheep bones. Bio-composites were doped with 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of expanded perlite and 5 wt.% of ZrO2–MgO-P2O5. The bio-composites were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing method (250 MPa) and sintered at 900°C for 1 h. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-composites, microhardness, density, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were carried out on them. Additionally, the specimens whose characteristics were determined were kept in synthetic body fluid (SBF), and their in vitro behavior was examined. As a result, it was observed that microhardness increased as both the weight and the grain size of the expanded perlite were increased. Calcium silicate, tri-calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite were observed in the XRD analysis of all samples, and the formation of apatite structures was increased by addition of ZrO2–MgO–P2O5.

The Characteristic Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Powders Synthesized from CaCO3 Refined from Oyster Shell and H3PO4

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
Hye Sung Kim ◽  
Su Chak Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) powders is synthesized using the mixed powders of CaCO3 refined from oyster shells and phosphoric acid (H3PO4-98%, Daejung) as starting materials. The characteristic evaluation and chemical analysis of the synthesized powders is performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES). XRD analysis of synthetic powder by heat treatment at 1300°C for 2hrs shows only HAp peaks corresponding to stoichiometric HAp. It is confirmed by ICP-AES test that impurities such as Zn, In, Ti, Ba, Cd, Pb, and Mn, is not detected at all, but small amounts of Ti and Be is observed (0.099ppm Ti and 0.002ppm Ba). Variation of bone density is measured by giving medication of HAp powder with drinking water into human body continuously for three month. After the medication, the bone density is higher than the medication before. This means that HAp powder made from this process can be used as improver of bone density.

scholarly journals Linear Dextrin as Potential Insulin Delivery System: Effect of Degree of Polymerization on the Physicochemical Properties of Linear Dextrin–Insulin Inclusion Complexes

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4187
Author(s):  
Huifang Xie ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Wenbin Lin ◽  
Shiting Dong ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
System Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Differential Solubility

In the current study, linear dextrin (LD) was prepared using waxy potato starch debranched with pullulanase, which has attracted immense interest in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries as a versatile ingredient. Various LDs were separated on the basis of their differential solubility in aqueous/ethanol solutions of different volumetric ratios. Three LD products—LD Fabrications with 40% ethanol (F-40); LD Fabrications with 50% ethanol (F-50); and LD Fabrications with 60%, 70%, and 80% ethanol (F-M)—were obtained with an average degree of polymerization (DP) values of 31.44, 21.84, and 16.10, respectively. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis revealed that the reaction mainly involved hydrogen bonding and a hydrophobic interaction between LD and insulin in the process of inclusion complex formation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that insulin was encapsulated in LD. The results of circular dichroism (CD) showed that the changes in the secondary structure of insulin were negligible during the release from the inclusion complexes. The order of encapsulation capacity is as follows: the complex composed of F-M and insulin (F-M-INS) > the complex composed of LD and insulin (LD-INS) > the complex composed of F-50 and insulin (F-50-INS) > and the complex composed of F-40 and insulin (F-40-INS). F-M-INS inclusion complexes showed a better effect on reducing the release of insulin in gastric juice and promoting the release of insulin in intestinal juice and blood plasma than LD-INS.

APPLICATION OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY TO THE EXTRACTED WOOD OF A DIVERSE RANGE OF SPECIES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Schimleck ◽  
Robert Evans ◽  
Jugo Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wood Chemistry ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Longitudinal Modulus

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was applied to fifty-four species (59 samples in total) representing a diverse array of taxonomic affiliations, wood chemistry and physical properties. Acetone and ethanol were used to remove extractives from the wood samples used in this study. The extracted samples were characterized in terms of collapse-free density, microfibril angle and longitudinal modulus of elasticity (estimated using the collapse-free density and X-ray diffraction data obtained from Silvi- Scan-2). NIR spectra were obtained from the radial longitudinal face of each sample and used to generate calibrations for the measured physical properties. Extraction was found to improve the calibration statistics for all properties.

scholarly journals Study on the Evaluation of Thermal Damage According to the Manufacturing Conditions of Korean Paper

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-658
Author(s):  
Ji Won Kim ◽  
Se Rin Park ◽  
Ki Ok Han ◽  
Seon Hwa Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystalline Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In this study, we aimed to analyze the chemical changes that occur in Korean paper in an accelerated deterioration environment of 105℃. We selected the Korean paper produced with different types of cooking agents (plant lye, Na2CO3) and during different manufacturing seasons (winter, summer). The degree of deterioration of the Korean paper was confirmed by measuring the brightness, yellowness, and pH level, and the degree of change in each vibrational region of cellulose as deterioration progressed through infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The FT-IR analysis showed that, as deterioration progressed, the absorbance of the amorphous region in cellulose decreased, whereas the absorbance of the crystalline region slightly increased. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectroscopy were performed to verify the changes in the crystalline and amorphous regions in cellulose indicated by the FT-IR results. Furthermore, the crystallinity index (CI) was calculated; it showed a slight increase after deterioration; therefore, CI was confirmed to follow the same trend as that observed for absorbance in the FT-IR results. In addition, as a result of Raman spectroscopic analysis, the degree of decomposition of the amorphous region in the cellulose under the manufacturing conditions was confirmed by the fluorescence measured after the deterioration.

Montmorillonite Intercalated Norfloxacin and Tobramycin for New Drug-Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 5246-5251
Author(s):  
El-Refaie Kenawy ◽  
Nehal O. Shaker ◽  
Mohamed Azaam ◽  
Aya S. Lasheen ◽  
Jianjian Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Release Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

The urgent need of safe, therapeutically and patient-compliant drug delivery systems (DDSs) continuously stimulates researchers to explore novel tools and strategies to monitor the loading and release of drugs. In this context, this study demonstrates that montmorillonite clay (MMT) is an appropriate material for changing the release behavior of Tobramycin and Norfloxacin drugs into medium. The DDSs were prepared by the intercalation of Tobramycin or Norfloxacin between MMT layers. The MMT-drug systems were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR). After insertion of the drugs between the layers of MMT, the periodicity in c-axis changed because of the formation of layered hybrid structures. The release of drugs was investigated using UV-spectrophotometer. The release rates are found to be dependent on pH of the medium. Moreover, we found that the percentage of release increases as the pH increases, however the release rate is low. These findings would be beneficial for controlled release of drugs for prolonged time in the future.

Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties of Modified BiFeO3-PbTiO3 Thin Films Derived from Sol-gel Processing

2003 ◽  
Vol 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
JinRong Cheng ◽  
L. Eric Cross
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Pyrochlore Phase ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gel Processing ◽  
Room Temperature Dielectric Constant

ABSTRACTIn this paper, thin films of La- modified (Bi,La)FeO3-PbTiO3 (BLF-PT) morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) solid solutions have been prepared by using sol-gel processing. A thin Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) template layer was introduced to make BLF-PT thin films adhere tightly to the platinized silicon (Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si) substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that BLF-PT thin films were of the perovskite structure without detectable pyrochlore phase annealing at 650–750°C. The cross sectional and plain view images of or our specimen were observed by using the scan electrical microscope (SEM). The room temperature dielectric constant K and tanδ were of ∼800 and 4% respectively, for BLF-PT thin films using a measurement frequency of 1 kHz. Our preliminary experiments indicated that the sol-gel derived BLF-PT thin films have good insulation resistance and measurable dielectric and ferroelectric responses.

Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Phase Changes of Woodceramics Prepared from Liquefication Wood

2013 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 448-451
Author(s):  
De Lin Sun ◽  
Xian Chun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Angle ◽  
Graphite Structure ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Degree Of Graphitization

Discarded wood was liquefied with phenol to prepare the liquefication basic woodceramics (LBW). The effects of sintering temperature on the phase changes had discussed. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis showed that, as sintering temperature rose, the elements of H and O were excluded gradually, as well the circle C-C structure had formed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that higher sintering temperature could improve the microcrystal structure. With the temperature increasing, (002) diffraction peak became strong and the diffraction angle 2θbecame larger, meanwhile, the stacking height of larger plane and the crystallite size increased also. In addition, the distances of interlamination drop drown, and the rank of microcrystal became more regulation and order. Butgvalues which character the degree of graphitization always were less than zero, and the integrated graphite structure had not found, suggesting the LBW was a kind of a difficult graphitization material.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Cetyl Trimethylammonium Intercalated Sericite

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Ding ◽  
Yuebo Wang ◽  
Yu Liang ◽  
Faxiang Qin
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Intercalated sericite was prepared by intercalation of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) into activated sericite through ion exchange with the following two steps: the activation of sericite by thermal modification, acid activation and sodium modification; the ion exchange intercalation of CTA+into activated sericite. Effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, CTAB quantity, kinds of medium, and aqueous pH on the intercalation of activated sericite were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the CTA+entered sericite interlayers and anchored in the aluminosilicate interlayers through strong electrostatic attraction. The arrangement of CTA+in sericite interlayers was that alkyl chain of CTA+mainly tilted at an angle about 60° (paraffin-type bilayer) and 38° (paraffin-type monolayer) with aluminosilicate layers. The largest interlayer space was enlarged from 0.9 nm to 5.2 nm. The intercalated sericite could be used as an excellent layer silicate to prepare clay-polymer nanocomposites.

Microfibril Angle Prediction of Pinus Taeda Wood Samples Based on Tangential Face Nir Spectra

IAWA Journal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.R. Schimleck ◽  
E. Sussenbach ◽  
G. Leaf ◽  
P.D. Jones ◽  
C.L. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
X Ray

The use of calibrated near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for predicting the microfibril angle (MFA) of Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) wood samples is described. NIR spectra were collected from the tangential face of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) sections cut from eleven P. taeda radial strips. The MFA of these sections was measured using X-ray diffraction. Calibrations for MFA were determined using all samples combined, EW only and LW only. Relationships were good, with coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 0.86 (EW) to 0.91 (LW). A calibration for MFA based on NIR spectra collected from sections of 8 strips was used to predict the MFA of sections from the remaining 3 strips. Prediction statistics were strong (R2p = 0.81, SEP= 5.2 degrees, RPDp = 2.23) however errors were greater than those reported previously for studies based on NIR spectra collected from the radial-longitudinal face. The results presented in this study demonstrate that it is possible to use tangential face NIR spectra to determine MFA variation for EW and LW within individual growth rings.

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