scholarly journals WMO Evaluation of Two Extreme High Temperatures Occurring in February 2020 for the Antarctic Peninsula Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Francelino Márcio Rocha ◽  
Schaefer Carlos ◽  
Maria de Los Milagros Skansi ◽  
Steve Colwell ◽  
David H. Bromwich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Station ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Radiation Shield ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
The Media ◽  
C Value ◽  
Local Warming ◽  
Seymour Island

AbstractTwo reports of Antarctic Region potential new record high temperature observations (18.3°C, 6 February 2020 at Esperanza station and 20.8°C, 9 February 2020 at a Brazilian automated permafrost monitoring station on Seymour Island) were evaluated by a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) panel of atmospheric scientists. The latter figure was reported as 20.75°C in the media. The panel considered the synoptic situation and instrumental setups. It determined that a large high-pressure system over the area created föhn conditions and resulted in local warming for both situations. Examination of the data and metadata of the Esperanza station observation revealed no major concerns. However, analysis of data and metadata of the Seymour Island permafrost monitoring station indicated that an improvised radiation shield led to a demonstrable thermal bias error for the temperature sensor. Consequently, the WMO has accepted the 18.3° C value for 12 noon (LST) 6 February 2020 [1500 UTC 6 February 2020] at the Argentine Esperanza station as the new “Antarctic Region [continental, including mainland and surrounding islands] highest temperature recorded observation” but rejected the 20.8° C observation at the Brazilian automated Seymour Island permafrost monitoring station as biased. The committee strongly emphasizes the permafrost monitoring station was not badly designed for its purpose, but the project investigators were forced to improvise a non-optimal radiation shield after losing the original covering. Secondly, with regard to media dissemination of this type of information, the committee urges increased caution in early announcements as many media outlets often tend to sensationalize and mischaracterize potential records.

scholarly journals Insights into a historic severe haze event in Shanghai: synoptic situation, boundary layer and pollutants

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 9221-9234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunpeng Leng ◽  
Junyan Duan ◽  
Chen Xu ◽  
Hefeng Zhang ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Atmospheric Visibility ◽  
Haze Event

Abstract. A historic haze event, characterized by lengthy, large-scale and severe pollution, occurred in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China from 1 to 10 December 2013. This haze event significantly influenced air quality throughout the region, especially in urban areas. Aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties were measured in Shanghai. Sometimes the 1 h average particle concentration (e.g., PM2.5) exceeded 600 µg m−3. Inorganic water-soluble ions in particles, trace gases and aerosol optical coefficients had a similar tendency to increase evidently from clear to hazy episodes. A combination of various factors contributed to the formation and evolution of the haze event, among which meteorological conditions, local anthropogenic emissions and pollutants are the major factors. High pressure system, calm surface wind and subsidence airflow were responsible for the decrease of planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the accumulation of pollutants. Atmospheric visibility correlated strongly with relative humidity (RH), particle number in size of 600–1400 nm other than particulate water-soluble species and particle mass (PM2.5). The particle hygroscopicity plays an important role in atmospheric visibility reduction. The results are somewhat helpful to forecast and eliminate regional atmospheric pollution in China.

scholarly journals The New Macedonian Question: the Current Stage of Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-90
Author(s):  
D. O. Golovin ◽  
S. A. Sklyarov
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The Media ◽  
C Value ◽  
Current Stage

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the New Macedonian question. Authors examine two treaties that seemed to settle the New Macedonian question: The 2017 Treaty of Friendship, Good-neighborliness and Cooperation between Macedonia and Bulgaria, and the 2018 Prespa agreement signed by the representatives of Macedonia and Greece. The successful negotiations that resulted in the signing of these international agreements have raised a diffi cult question for researchers, which can be formulated as follows: what is the current stage of development of the New Macedonian Question? Does this problem belong to history or current international relations? The main goal of the work is a detailed analysis of the two above-mentioned treaties in the context of their impact on the New Macedonian question. Authors attempted not only to examine the two treaties separately, but also to place these documents in the broader context of extremely contradictory international relations on the Balkan Peninsula, and to show the mutual infl uence of various aspects of the New Macedonian question as the complex problem of international relations. The article has a scientifi c value since the Prespa agreement and the Treaty of friendship have not yet been properly examined in the scientifi c literature, despite the wide coverage in the media. The article proves the thesis that two treaties did not settle the New Macedonian question and only led to the creation of new problems related to the independent Macedonian state. The serious unilateral concessions made by the Macedonian leadership to resolve the name dispute, the freezing of the historical dispute with Bulgaria, and the continued distrust between the Macedonians and Albanians after the Ohrid agreement do not give grounds to speak of a successful solution of the New Macedonian question.

scholarly journals Insights into a historic severe haze weather in Shanghai: synoptic situation, boundary layer and pollutants

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 32561-32605 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Leng ◽  
J. Duan ◽  
C. Xu ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Visibility ◽  
The Yrd

Abstract. A historic winter haze weather, characterized by long duration, large scale and strong pollution intensity, occurred in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China during the time frame of 1 to 10 December 2013. This severe haze event constituted of several hazy episodes and significantly influenced air quality throughout the region, especially in urban areas. Aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties were measured in Shanghai, where the instantaneous particulate mass burden per volume (e.g. PM2.5) exceeded 600 μg m−3 in some time, breaking the existing historical observation records, and examined to give insights into severe haze weathers. Inorganic water-soluble ions in particles, trace gases and aerosol scattering/absorption coefficients had the same tendency to increase evidently from clear episodes to hazy episodes. A combination of various factors contributed to the formation and evolution of the severe haze, among which meteorological conditions, local anthropogenic emissions and aerosol properties played the major roles. During the haze weather, the YRD region was under the control of a high-pressure system with extremely small surface pressure gradients. The calm surface wind and subsidence airflow were responsible for decreasing planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and constructive to the build-up of air pollutants wandering inside the region, and ultimately induced the haze occurrence. Nonlinear regression analyses indicated that single water-soluble ion did not correlated with the atmospheric visibility degradation so strong, while high ambient relative humidity (RH) indeed exerted a great impact with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.41. Moreover, the close relationship was derived between atmospheric visibility and aerosols in size of 600–1400 nm with R2 of 0.70, which further improved to 0.73 when combined aerosol hygroscopicity. This study may provide supports for the public and authorities to recognize severe haze weathers in urban environments, and act as a reference for forecasting and eliminating the occurrences of regional atmospheric pollutions in China.

Late Eocene gadiform (Teleostei) skull from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Eastman ◽  
Lance Grande
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Posterior Half ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
La Meseta Formation ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Seymour Island

On the basis of a skull from the late Eocene La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, a gadiform fish is reported from the Antarctic region for the first time. This specimen, the most completely preserved fossil teleost cranium yet described from Antarctica, provides convincing evidence for the presence of Gadiformes in a far southerly location under temperate climatic conditions 40 m.y. ago. The exoccipital condyles, supraoccipital and lambdoidal crests, and post-temporal and supratemporal fossae are well preserved, as are the roofing bones on the posterior half of the skull. Comparative osteological study indicates that these features are very similar in appearance to those of merlucciids (hakes) and gadids (cods).

Media remodeling – the result of stent induced media necrosis and repair

VASA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirsch ◽  
Dahmen ◽  
Fan ◽  
Gu ◽  
Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Stent Implantation ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
The Media

Background: Stents have been introduced clinically to help maintaining the patency of the vascular lumen after balloon angioplasty. To ensure a sufficient lumen of the stented vessel, oversized stents are frequently used. However especially deployment of oversized stents may lead to mechanical injury of the intima and media of the vessel wall. The aim of the study was to characterize the vascular lesions and repair processes within the first 4 weeks after implantation of oversized stents in the rabbit carotid artery and thereby contribute to the understanding of vascular remodeling during stent implantation. Methods: Oversized stents were implanted in the carotid artery of Chinchilla rabbits. Rabbits were sacrificed 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after stent implantation and a detailed histologic and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Results: The carotid artery was expanded by a factor of 1.3–1.5, leading to a constant dilatation of the vessel. The struts were deeply impressed in the vessel wall, resulting in a disruption of the intima, thrombus formation, media compression and segmental media necrosis. The necrotic media was repopulated by smooth muscle cells by day 7. In contrast to the intima lesions, necrotic areas of the media were not invaded by an inflammatory infiltrate. Formation of neointima, characterized by a confluent layer of endothelial cells and deposition collagen fibers started in close vicinity of the struts. Conclusions: Being part of a high-pressure system, the arterial vessel apparently adapts to constant dilatation. Deployment of oversized stents caused intima disruption, media necrosis of varying degree and constant dilatation of the vessel wall. Necrosis and repopulation of smooth muscle cells of the media took place within the first 4 weeks, leading to the speculation whether the repopulating SMC are more resistant to the constant pressure.

scholarly journals Studi Komparatif Budidaya Jamur Merang pada Media Jerami dan Media Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Studi Kasus pada Usahatani Beuna Raseuki) di Gampong Peujeurat Desa Batoh Kecamatan Lueng Bata Banda Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Syarifah Ulfami ◽  
Edy Marsudi ◽  
Azhar Gani
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Straw Mushroom ◽  
The Media ◽  
C Value

Abstrak. Dalam upaya meningkatkan produksi dan memenuhi permintaan pasar, para petani harus mampu mendapatkan media tanam dengan kualitas yang baik dan mampu memanfaatkan media tanam tersebut dengan baik. Pemilihan media tanam sangat berpengaruh pada peningkatan produksi jamur merang. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat besarnya keuntungan yang didapatkan dari penggunaan media tanam tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dibandingkan dengan penggunaan media tanam jerami. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus dengan analisis kualitatif (deskriptif) dan analisis finansial berupa analisis pendapatan dan uji hipotesis T, kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai R/C pada budidaya jamur merang dengan menggunakan media tanam jerami pada periode ke empat, ke lima dan ke enam 1, maka penggunaan media tanam jerami tidak dianjurkan karena tidak selalu memberikan keuntungan bagi budidaya jamur merang.  Penggunaan media tanam tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) untuk budidaya jamur merang sangat dianjurkan karena nilai R/C  pada setiap periodenya 1. Adapun hasil uji statistik yang diperoleh yaitu 6,72641 2,2281, maka tcari ttabel pada taraf nyata 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara pendapatan budidaya jamur merang yang menggunakan media tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan pendapatan budidaya jamur merang yang menggunakan media jerami. Sehingga penggunaan media tanam tandan kosong kelapa sawit lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan penggunaan media tanam jerami.Comparative Study Benefits of Straw Mushroom on Media Planting Straw and Media Planting Oil Plam Bunches (Case Study on Beuna Raseuki’s Farm) in Peujeurat Batoh Village Lueng Bata Sub-Districts Banda AcehAbstract. In an effort to increase production and meet market demand, the farmers should be able to get the media planting with good quality and able to utilize the planting medium well. Selection of planting medium is very influential on increasing production of mushroom. The purpose of this study is to see the amount of benefits obtained from the use of planting media empty palm bunches (TKKS) compared with the use of straw planting media. The research method used is case study method with qualitative analysis (descriptive) and financial analysis in the form of income analysis and hypothesis T test, quantitative. The result showed that R / C value on mushroom cultivation using straw planting medium on the fourth, fifth and sixth period 1, then the use of straw planting media is not recommended because it does not always provide benefits for mushroom cultivation. The use of planting media for empty palm fruit bunches (TKKS) for the cultivation of mushroom is highly recommended because the R / C value in each period 1. The statistical test results obtained are 6.72641 2.2281, then t search t table at a real level of 0.05. This shows that there is a significant difference between the income of mushroom cultivation using the empty palm oil bunches (TKKS) with the income of mushroom cultivation using straw media. So the use of planting media empty palm oil bunches is more profitable compared with the use of straw planting media.

scholarly journals Synoptic Situation of 28-31 October 2017 Severe Dust Storm over Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Husam T. Majeed ◽  
Hawraa Majid Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Severe Dust Storm

The phenomenon of dust storms occurs in areas that are characterized by drought, and lack of rainfalls. There are many such areas around the world, including the Middle East in general and large parts of Iraq in particular. In the last week of October 2017, a severe dust storm occurred over Iraq and lasted for four days, the aim of this work was to investigate the synoptic situation of this severe storm using remote sensing data. Data include daily true-color images, Aerosols Index (AI), surface weather maps, and 850 Mb weather maps. These data were analyzed for the four days of the storm (28-31 Oct 2017). The results showed that the storm was triggered on the 28th of October over the northwestern part of Iraq. The weather maps revealed that the cause, development, and transport of this storm were caused by a low-pressure system. This system was developed just over the source area of dust on the first day of the storm, and two ridges in which one has existed over the north of Iran and the second advanced from Egypt during the second day of the storm. The pattern of the trough and two ridges on the second and third day caused the storm to halt over central and southwestern areas of Iraq and the northern border of Saudi Arabia with Iraq. On the fourth day, the storm was moved by the northwesterly wind towards the south of Iraq and Kuwait.

Using the scanning electron microscope for failure analysis of high density magnetic media

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Ackerman ◽  
Gary D. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Retrieval Systems ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
The Media ◽  
Scanning Electron

Advancements in state of the art high density Head/Disk retrieval systems has increased the demand for sophisticated failure analysis methods. From 1968 to 1974 the emphasis was on the number of tracks per inch. (TPI) ranging from 100 to 400 as summarized in Table 1. This emphasis shifted with the increase in densities to include the number of bits per inch (BPI). A bit is formed by magnetizing the Fe203 particles of the media in one direction and allowing magnetic heads to recognize specific data patterns. From 1977 to 1986 the tracks per inch increased from 470 to 1400 corresponding to an increase from 6300 to 10,800 bits per inch respectively. Due to the reduction in the bit and track sizes, build and operating environments of systems have become critical factors in media reliability.Using the Ferrofluid pattern developing technique, the scanning electron microscope can be a valuable diagnostic tool in the examination of failure sites on disks.

Spreading the Word: Raise Your Profession's Profile With Local Angles on National News

ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Know How ◽  
The Media

How to use your local know-how to get the media to pay attention.

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