Comparisons of Tracheostomy Incisions in a Pediatric Model

1985 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Fry ◽  
Newton D. Fischer ◽  
Raleigh O. Jones ◽  
Harold C. Pillsbury
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pediatric Patient ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vertical Slit ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tracheal Disease ◽  
Different Response

Tracheostomy in children causes approximately twice the mortality and morbidity as in the adult. The occurrence of complications correlates closely with the severity of the preoperative tracheal disease, the length of time the tracheostomy is needed, and the age of the patient. Morbidity documented in the postoperative period includes tracheal stenosis and collapsible anterior tracheal wall. The increased incidence of these problems in the pediatric patient may be related to the less rigid nature of the younger cartilage or to partial arrest of the normal tracheal growth rate, and may be aggravated by the style of tracheal incision used. Our study utilized weanling male ferrets in an effort to evaluate the possibly different response of growing, less resilient cartilage to different types of tracheal incision. Animals were randomized into three groups based on the type of incision used: inferiorly based trapdoor, vertical slit, or horizontal H. Endoscopic, radiographic, and airflow studies, as well as cross-sectional areas, were compared on all animals surviving tracheal cannulation for eight days and subsequent decannulation for seven days. Recommendations for pediatric tracheal incision are made on the basis of these studies.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY AND TYPE OF FRACTURES ENTERING THE EMERGENCY UNITS OF ORTHOPEDIC HOSPITALS

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Pawan Rekha ◽  
Sheena Kumari ◽  
Amna Aamir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Emergency Units

BACKGROUND Trauma is globally encountered in the emergency department on regular intervals placing a burden on the economy through an increase in the mortality and morbidity. Multiple types of fractures have been notified leading from moderate to severe disability. The aim of the study is to assess different types of fracture entering the emergency department, the risk of these fractures and also to find the association between genders. A cross sectional survey was conducted on 450 participants in different Emergency Departments of tertiary care units of Karachi. It has been observed that fracture cases are increasing in emergencies in Karachi. Road Traffic Injuries (RTA) with 41.6% is the most dominant cause of fracture whereas fall or slip injuries and brawl/fight show 22.2% and 14.7% respectively. Generally, alcohol and cigarette smoking has adverse effect yet 91.6% population revealed no relationship. Regional distribution of fracture shows lower limb fracture with 40.9% as most commonly occurring fractures where male percentages is higher than females. The selected population presented no idea about BMD and Vitamin D test which causes fractures in old age commonly.

scholarly journals Incidence of different types of Myocardial Infarctions (MI) in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in cardiology unit of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Sumbal Jamil ◽  
Mustajab Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Online Calculator

Introduction: In past few decades prevalence of diabetes in patients with myocardial infarction has been remarkably increased. Diabetes mellitus has been well defined as a cardiovascular determinant in emergent nations. Myocardial infarction is the common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Globally over 15.9 million myocardial infarction appeared in 2015. Cardiovascular events represent 80% of total deaths due to diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the objective was to determine the incidence of different types of myocardial infarctions in correlation with presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. Material & Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar on 160 participants calculated by online calculator. Convenience sampling was applied, and subjects admitted in cardiology unit, CCU and emergency department of the hospital with the complaint of known myocardial infarction included. Pre-formed proforma was used to collect data from cardiology ward and CCU. Results: Total of 160 subjects were included in this study. 101 subjects (63.1%) were male while share of female subjects in the study was 59 (36.9%). Mean age of the participants was 57.54 ± 11.43 (mean±S.D) and a range of 32-91 years. Diabetes was present in 85 (53.1%) participants while other 75 participants (46.9%) were non-diabetics. Anterior MI was seen in 36 diabetic subjects, inferior MI in 23, Lateral MI in 8, 14 were with extensive wall MI, 2 antero-lateral 2 & infero-lateral MI in 2 diabetic subjects. Among non-diabetic participants, anterior MI was seen in 31 subjects, 11 had inferior MI, 14 were with lateral MI, 11 had extensive MI, 5 subjects showed antero-lateral and 3 were with infero-lateral MI of the heart. Conclusion: Incidence of MI was found more in diabetics as compared to non-diabetics. Anterior wall MI was commonest among diabetic participants.

scholarly journals Association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of arterial stiffness: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouling Wu ◽  
Luli Xu ◽  
Mingyang Wu ◽  
Shuohua Chen ◽  
Youjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background Triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been reported to be associated with arterial stiffness. However, previous studies were limited by the cross-sectional design. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between TyG index and progression of arterial stiffness. Methods A total of 6028 participants were derived from the Kailuan study. TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Arterial stiffness progression was assessed by the annual growth rate of repeatedly measured baPWV. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the cross-sectional association of TyG index with baPWV, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the longitudinal association between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness. Results Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that each one unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 39 cm/s increment (95%CI, 29–48 cm/s, P < 0.001) in baseline baPWV and a 0.29 percent/year increment (95%CI, 0.17–0.42 percent/year, P < 0.001) in the annual growth rate of baPWV. During 26,839 person-years of follow-up, there were 883 incident cases with arterial stiffness. Participants in the highest quartile of TyG index had a 58% higher risk of arterial stiffness (HR, 1.58; 95%CI, 1.25–2.01, P < 0.001), as compared with those in the lowest quartile of TyG index. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant dose–response relationship between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness (P non-linearity = 0.005). Conclusion Participants with a higher TyG index were more likely to have a higher risk of arterial stiffness. Subjects with a higher TyG index should be aware of the following risk of arterial stiffness progression, so as to establish lifestyle changes at an early stage.

scholarly journals Downregulation of exosomal let-7d and miR-16 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Lacedonia ◽  
Giulia Scioscia ◽  
Piera Soccio ◽  
Massimo Conese ◽  
Lucia Catucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a degenerative interstitial lung disease with both a poor prognosis and quality of life once the diagnosis is made. In the last decade many features of the disease have been investigated to better understand the pathological steps that lead to the onset of the disease and, moreover, different types of biomarkers have been tested to find valid diagnostic, prognostic and therapy response predictive ones. In the complexity of IPF, microRNA (miRNAs) biomarker investigation seems to be promising. Methods We analysed the expression of five exosomal miRNAs supposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease from serum of a group of IPF patients (n = 61) and we compared it with the expression of the same miRNAs in a group of healthy controls (n = 15). Results In the current study what emerged is let-7d down-regulation and, unexpectedly, miR-16 significant down-regulation. Moreover, through a cross-sectional analysis, a clustering of the expression of miR-16, miR-21 and miR-26a was found. Conclusions These findings could help the individuation of previously unknown key players in the pathophysiology of IPF and, most interestingly, more specific targets for the development of effective medications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cancer Patients with Older Adult for Awareness and Hospital Arrival Process of COVID-19 Pandemic During: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233372142199766
Author(s):  
Zeynep Sipahi Karslı ◽  
Berna Kurt ◽  
İbrahim Karadağ ◽  
Berna Çakmak Öksüzoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Arrival Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Hospital Arrival ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Correlational Design ◽  
Study Results

The study aimed to evaluate the Coronavirus pandemic awareness of cancer patients ≥65 years of age, considered a vulnerable group, and their hospital arrival process, follow-ups and treatments during the pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic was found to increases the mortality and morbidity rates of individuals who aged 65 years and older. The research was conducted with a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design. The sample consist of 77 cancer patients aged 65 years and older adult. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. In total, 77 patients from the Oncology Hospital located in Ankara from April 29, 2020 to May 20, 2020. Data were collected using a two-part form and a questionnaire. The study was undertaken in accordance with the STROBE checklist for observational studies. Of the participants, 59.7% were female, the mean age was 70 years, 79.2% resided in Ankara and 98.7% traveled to the hospital by car. Looking at the gender and the protective measures taken at home, female participants were found to perform a statistically significant higher level of protective measures. In conclusion, the study results suggest that the restrictions for older adult oncology patients during the pandemic did not negatively affect the delivery of health care.

scholarly journals The Use of Non-Nutritive and Low-Calorie Sweeteners in 19,915 Local and Imported Pre-Packaged Foods in Hong Kong

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Billy Yin Sing O ◽  
Daisy H. Coyle ◽  
Elizabeth K. Dunford ◽  
Jason H.Y. Wu ◽  
Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Packaged Foods ◽  
Prepackaged Foods

This study aims to examine the use of non-nutritive (NNSs) and low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) in pre-packaged foods in Hong Kong and the differences in the number of NNSs/LCSs used between products from different regions. In a cross-sectional audit, the types of NNSs/LCSs used in 19,915 pre-packaged foods in Hong Kong were examined by searching the ingredients list of the included products for keywords related to 20 common NNSs/LCSs and their respective E-numbers. Prevalence of use of NNSs and LCSs, the co-presence of NNSs/LCSs and free sugar ingredients (FSI), and the number of NNSs/LCSs used in the included foods were computed. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to compare the total number of NNSs and/or LCSs used in food items from different regions. Sucralose (E955) was the most commonly used NNS (1.9%), followed by acesulfame K (E950, 1.6%). Sorbitol was the most commonly used LCS (2.9%). Overall, the use of LCSs was less common compared with NNSs (3.7% vs. 4.5%). The use of different types of NNSs varied substantially between food types. Notably, 20.2% of potato crisps and 15.2% of other crisps or extruded snacks contained at least one NNS and/or LCS. Co-presence of FSIs and NNSs/LCSs were most common in confectionery (15.7%) and snack foods (15.5%). Asian prepackaged foods were more likely to contain NNSs/LCSs (10.1%) compared with those from other regions. To conclude, NNSs/LCSs were used in a wide range of non-diet pre-packaged products which could be a public health concern due to their higher consumption frequencies than “diet” products.

scholarly journals Occurrence, associated risk factors, and treatment of surgical site infections in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 205873922096054
Author(s):  
Faiz Ullah Khan ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Zakir Khan ◽  
Farman Ullah Khan ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Globally, surgical site infections are one of the common infections which lead to a large amount of mortality and morbidity in postsurgical care. The risk for surgical site infection is multidimensional which includes mainly; patient, surgery, and hospital-related factors. This study is aimed to determine the burden of SSIs along with contributed risk factors. A prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the largest public-sector hospitals in Pakistan. A total of 412 patients were recruited in the study with full consent and monitored for 30 days after surgery with direct and indirect surveillance. Overall, in seven different surgical procedures the incidence (29.8%) rate of SSI was observed; in appendectomy ( n = 17, 4.1%), exploratory laparotomy ( n = 51, 12.6%), laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( n = 12, 2.90%), mesh repair ( n = 17, 4.01%), thyroidectomy (5, 1.2%), transurethral resection of the prostate ( n = 11, 2.6%), and transurethral resection of the bladder (10, 2.4%). The average SSI rate in every single procedure was about 18 (4.27%) per surgical procedure out of 123 (29.85%) SSI cases. Types of SSI identified were superficial, deep incisional and organ/space ( n = 76, 18.4%, n = 23, 5.5%, and n = 24, 5.7%). Incidence of SSIs during admission, at readmission, and post-surveillance cases were ( n = 50, 12.1%, n = 25, 6.0% and n = 48, 11.6%). Associated risk factors found contributed to the incidence of SSI ( p < 0.05). Pre-operative ( n = 348, 84.5%) and 6 (1.5%) surgical patients did not received the post-operative antibiotics. The P. aeruginosa ( n = 15, 12.1%) and S. aureus (13, 10.5%). Cefoperazone and sulbactam were the most prescribed antibiotics. Associated risk factors and treatment outcomes of surgical patients have a direct association with the incidence of SSI. Hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship, implementation of surgical guidelines, patient care, and education are needed to develop at wards level in hospitals.

Influence of tree age and growth rate on the radial resin duct system in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. DeAngelis ◽  
T. E. Nebeker ◽  
J. D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Tangential Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resin Duct

Formation of radial resin ducts and their associated secretory cells in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is influenced by the age and growth rate of the annual ring in which the ducts are formed. The spatial pattern of radial ducts on the tangential plane is nonrandom, exhibiting a regular or dispersed pattern. A significantly higher density of radial ducts was found in the inner, first-formed growth rings at all heights within the tree. Radial duct formation was found to be positively correlated with radial growth rate, when growth rate is expressed as increment of cross-sectional area growth. These findings may partially explain why older, slower growing trees tend to be more susceptible to attack by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and associated microorganisms, since the resin-producing system is a primary defense against these agents.

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