An Economic Approach to Teacher Loss and Retention

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Selby Smith
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Salary Structure ◽  
Australian Education ◽  
Career Structure

In the late 1960's the imbalance between the supply and demand for teacher services was fundamental to the problems of Australian education. This article outlines an analytical framework which helps in understanding some important features of that imbalance. The paper comes to three main conclusions: that high levels of teacher resignation were probably a rational response to the conditions governing their recruitment and the level and career structure of their earnings; that if resignation rates for teachers are to be reduced in a full employment labour market, changes are required in their salary structure and career prospects; and that the statistical data available on a consistent national basis are seriously inadequate for satisfactory economic analysis.

scholarly journals THE WAGES SYSTEM IN ROMANIA – BETWEEN CONVERGENCE AND DISCRIMINATION. SUSTAINABILITY OR OVER-REGULATION?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (30 (1)) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Suzana Demyen ◽  
Mirela Minică ◽  
Carmen Năstase
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Labour Market Discrimination ◽  
Monthly Salary

Abstract: The wages system in Romania is a subject of great importance. Although, apparently, the situation on the labour market has improved during the last years, compared to the member countries of the European Union there are many problems in Romania, due to an inadequate structure in the national economy, the way in which privatization and economy restructuring were performed, the mass emigration labour market, which have generated imbalances between labour supply and demand. The paper aims at highlighting the changes in the salary system in Romania in the period of post-accession to the European Union. An analysis was conducted, the official statistical data on the evolution of the average net monthly salary were detailed, differentiated by size classes of economic agents, by gender and by sectors of the national economy. Keywords: labour market, discrimination, wages, public sector, private sector

scholarly journals Efficiency-wage model

Sociologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-474
Author(s):  
Nikola Fabris
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
Efficiency Wage ◽  
Human Labour

In classical theory, the labour market operates as any other market, that is, the supply and demand determines the equilibrium between wages and the number of employees. The Keynesians went a step further by pointing out that the labour market does not follow the same principle as other markets and that wages do not change due to numerous rigidities, i.e. that the equilibrium is not achieved with full employment. The neoclassical macroeconomics reverts to the classical theory, noting that the labour market equilibrium is achieved immediately. The weakness of these theories is that they do not sufficiently consider specific features of the labour market and/or human labour. However, the new Keynesians went a step further in this direction by developing the efficiency wage model incorporating both economic and sociological explanations in the labour market interpretation. Nevertheless, it seems that there is still enough room for further improvements of this model and the paper communicates certain suggestions to that end.

scholarly journals Employment in New Zealand

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Hazledine
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Neoclassical Economic Theory ◽  
Post War ◽  
Opening Up

Explaining post-war employment and unemployment in New Zealand is problematic for neoclassical economic theory. Up until the late 1970s the economy was overlaid with controls and 'rigidities' of many sorts, interfering with the operation of ‘free' market forces. Yet it delivered virtually zero unemployment without being unusually prone to inflationary pressures. From the 1980s onwards, our economy has been subjected to a remarkable regime of policy 'reform', involving the opening up of markets to overseas competition, the dismantling or  emasculating of centralised and/or collectivist institutions, and the adoption of an extreme version of monetarist ideology. Yet throughout these years of actions aimed at fostering ‘free markets', the actual macroeconomic performance of the markets, measured by the mismatch between supply and demand in the labour market (unemployment) has persistently deteriorated, with unemployment rates rising from less than half of one percent as late as 1977 to above 10% in the early 1990s. That is, the more market-oriented we became, the worse the markets performed. How can this be? The research program on which the present paper is a progress report tests hypotheses that can explain how both Keynesian and monetarist orthodoxies miss important aspects of New Zealand reality, and develops a model based on empathy between supply and demand sides of the labour market that is consistent with non-inflationary over-full employment.

Factors Shaping Labour Market Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Zamfir ◽  
Anamaria Năstasă ◽  
Anamaria Beatrice Aldea ◽  
Raluca Mihaela Molea
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Industrial

Like other postmodern structures, post-industrial labour markets display more frequent and rapid changes and higher unpredictability. In these conditions, the world of work is less capable in providing individuals stable signals for the construction of their behaviours. This paper aims to examine both macro and micro factors that shape labour market participation and expectations related to employment outcomes. We explore statistical data from the World Values Survey Wave 7 (2017-2020) collected from almost seventy thousands individuals around the world. Focusing on subjective evaluations of expected employment outcomes, our results are relevant for better understanding labour market participation from a postmodern perspective.

The Political Economy of Work and Welfare

2021 ◽  
pp. 422-444
Author(s):  
Micheál L. Collins ◽  
Mary P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sectoral Composition ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Institutional Architecture

The political economy of Irish work and welfare has dramatically changed over recent decades. Since the 1980s, Ireland has experienced two periods of high unemployment followed by two periods of full employment. Alongside this, we see considerable shifts in both the sectoral composition of the workforce and in the institutional architecture underpinning the labour market. Focusing on the last decade, this chapter contextualizes the Irish labour market in the Irish growth model, highlighting issues including occupational upgrading, low pay, gender composition, and migration. The chapter then explores links between this employment structure and Ireland’s changing welfare regime. It considers recent institutional changes, as the welfare regime shifted to a work-first form of activation, and the long-term sustainability of the social protection system. The chapter concludes by highlighting what we see as the core challenges for the political economy of work and welfare in Ireland.

scholarly journals Analysis of Present Conditions and Prospects of the Labour Market Development in Russia

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Vladymir Volynskyi ◽  
Victor Zaitzev
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Market Development ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Additional Education ◽  
High Educational

In this article, based on the statistical data analysis, we consider the labour market in the contemporary Russia in face of global economic crises. In our opinion, two kinds of programs should be in Russia interest: coordination of unemployment benefits with vocational training, retraining or additional education; using the compelled holidays for additional education and retraining. The target programs directed on strengthening employees’ positions with a high educational level on the labour market are extremely necessary in the Russian conditions. In order to decide on specific problems special departments should be created in the Ministry of Work and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals ПРОФЕСІЙНЕ НАВЧАННЯ БЕЗРОБІТНИХ НА СУЧАСНОМУ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ ЯК ЧАСТИНА СТАНОВЛЕННЯ БРЕНДИНГУ ОСВІТИ

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Олена В. Птащенко ◽  
Юлія М. Тер-Карапетянц
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
The Unemployed

To ensure success in promoting entrepreneurship among the unemployed it is critical to provide effective government support for those citizens who wish to start their own business, create favourable environment, including relevant financial, lending, tax policies, etc. Apparently, due to inconsistent SME legislation, high tax burden, uncertainty in business development, the effectiveness of vocational entrepreneurial training for the unemployed remains low. The paper provides an overview of unemployment rate by age along with the analysis of contemporary labour market trends in the context of implementating specific technology of vocational training for the unemployed. The research findings evidence that rapid technological changes challenge dramatic effects globally, thus triggering the need for totally new skills and professions. This situation in the labour market drives a particular focus to the latest learning technology advances, education marketing development, designing study programs for employable population of Ukraine to ensure new skills and competences building. Recent dramatic changes in Ukraine’s education system, further evolution of education services market and progressive marketing learning technologies implementation contribute to transforming education into a growing and promising sector of the economy which year by year increase the size of supply and demand for education services. Currently, the education services market as a public sphere drives media to establish and maintain strong and close relationships between its participants. In conclusion it is emphasized that modern institutions of higher education cannot be imagined without mediated patterns and diverse forms of communication as well as special tools to enhance communication between its various actors.

scholarly journals Migrants in the Polish Labour Market – Challenges for Human Resources Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Olena Shelest-Szumilas
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Insight Into

The article addresses selected issues related to the migrant employment in Poland. It offers insight into the most important trends in the situation of migrant workers in the Polish labor market and discusses how observable changes will influence human resources management. The article begins with an overview of general situation of migrants in the labor market in Poland, which is based on the analysis of available statistical data. The second chapter presents and discusses briefly the potential challenges for human resources management in Polish enterprises.

scholarly journals Les taux de commission sur les transactions boursières au Canada : Acte II

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-372
Author(s):  
Jacques Saint-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Stock Transaction ◽  
Exchange Transactions ◽  
Production Of Information

This is the second part of a study about what could be called an economic play or drama: the deregulation of commission rates on stock exchange transactions. This article presents an economic analysis of the long-standing policy in Canada of charging minimum commission on stock transaction. The discussion draws heavily on the arguments put forward by the Montreal Exchange as a part of its recent ongoing defense of fixed commission. The arguments fall into three categories: (1) the economic approach to the analysis of the brokerage business (uncertainty in product quality) (2) the information produce by the brokerage industry are public goods because of externalities and (3) the structure of the brokerage industry. According to the Exchange's logic, the elimination of the practice of price fixing would lead to a less efficient capital market because of the reduction in the production of information and to an increase in the concentration in the brokerage business. The analysis presented in this article leads to the conclusion that the Exchange's case is faulty in terms of both its theory and its empirical proofs and that minimum commission rates on stock exchange transactions cannot be justified on economic grounds.

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