scholarly journals Government choice between contract termination and contract expiration in re-municipalization: a case of historical recurrence?

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232110026
Author(s):  
Daniel Albalate ◽  
Germà Bel ◽  
Eoin Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Legal Origin ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Contract Termination ◽  
Contract Expiration ◽  
Energy Utilities

Since the early 2000s, the terms ‘re-municipalization’ and ‘reverse privatization’ entered the lexicon as several examples emerged of governments taking ownership of assets and services that had previously been privatized or outsourced. Various methods are used to implement re-municipalization decisions and differences are observed across countries and sectors. The approaches most frequently adopted are re-municipalization through contract termination and contract expiration. We utilize a wide database of re-municipalizations worldwide to analyse the factors that influence governments’ choice between these two approaches. The results from our multivariate analysis find a pattern of historical recurrence in the characteristics of the current re-municipalization process. Points for practitioners Most governments wait for contracts to expire but the number of contract terminations is sizeable. Re-municipalization in larger cities, network sectors (particularly water) and implemented by municipal governments have a positive association with termination. Re-municipalization of energy utilities and conducted in countries of French legal origin is positively associated with contract expiration. Patterns of contemporary re-municipalization closely resemble those witnessed in the ‘Progressive Era’.

scholarly journals Association between indicators of cattle density and incidence of paediatric haemolytic – uraemic syndrome (HUS) in children under 15 years of age in France between 1996 and 2001: an ecological study

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. HAUS-CHEYMOL ◽  
E. ESPIE ◽  
D. CHE ◽  
V. VAILLANT ◽  
H. DE VALK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
The Past

Over the past years Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 emerged as an important cause of severe gastrointestinal illnesses and haemolytic–uraemic syndrome (HUS) with up to 10% of children infected with STEC developing HUS. We conducted a geographical ecological study using the district as the statistical unit. For each district, we estimated the incidence of HUS among children <15 years for the period 1996–2001 from national HUS surveillance data and data obtained on cattle density. We used multivariate Poisson regression to quantify the relation, adjusted for covariates, between paediatric HUS incidence and exposure to cattle. In univariate analysis, a positive association was observed between several cattle-density indicators and HUS incidence. In multivariate analysis, HUS paediatric incidence was associated with dairy cattle density and the ratio of calves to children <15 years (P<0·001). Our findings are consistent with previous studies in other countries and support the recommendation to limit exposure of children to dairy cattle and manure to reduce the risk of STEC infection.

scholarly journals Incomplete reossification after craniosynostosis surgery—incidence and analysis of risk factors: a clinical-radiological assessment study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Thenier-Villa ◽  
Pablo Sanromán-Álvarez ◽  
Pablo Miranda-Lloret ◽  
María Estela Plaza Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Cranial Defect ◽  
Surgery Group

OBJECTIVEOne of the principles of the surgical treatment of craniosynostosis includes the release of fused bone plates to prevent recurrence. Such bone defects require a reossification process after surgery to prevent a cosmetic problem or brain vulnerability to damage. The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the radiological and clinical evolution of bone defects after craniosynostosis.METHODSFrom January 2005 to May 2016, 248 infants underwent surgical correction of craniosynostosis at HUiP La Fe Valencia; the authors analyzed data from 216 of these cases that met the inclusion criteria for this study. Various surgical techniques were used according to the age of the patient and severity of the case, including endoscopic-assisted suturectomy, open suturectomy, fronto-orbital advancement, and cranial vault remodeling. Clinical follow-up and radiological quantitative measurements in 2 periods—12–24 months and 2 years after surgery—were analyzed; 94 patients had a postoperative CT scan and were included in the radiological analysis.RESULTSAt the end of the follow-up period, 92 of 216 patients (42.59%) showed complete closure of the bone defect, 112 patients (51.85%) had minor bone defects, and 12 patients (5.56%) had significant bone defects that required surgical intervention. In the multivariate analysis, age at first surgery was not significantly associated with incomplete reossification (p = 0.15), nor was surgical site infection (p = 0.75). Multivariate analysis identified area of cranial defect greater than 5 cm2 in the first CT scan as predictive of incomplete reossification (p = 0.04). The mean area of cranial defect in the first CT scan (12–24 months after surgery) was 3.69 cm2 in patients treated with open surgery and 7.13 cm2 in those treated with endoscopic-assisted procedures; in the multivariate analysis, type of procedure was not related to incomplete reossification (p = 0.46). The positive predictive value of palpation as evaluation of bone cranial defects was 50% for significant defects and 71% for minor defects.CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of cranial defects due to incomplete reossification requiring cranioplasty was 5.56% in our series. Defects greater than 5 cm2 in the first postoperative CT scan showed a positive association with incomplete reossification. Patients treated with endoscope-assisted procedures had larger defects in the initial follow-up, but the final incidence of cranial defects was not significantly different in the endoscope-assisted surgery group from that in the open surgery group.

Representative Democracy and State Building in the Progressive Era

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Lorenzi McDonagh
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Life Style ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Building ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Federal Intervention ◽  
District Economy ◽  
The Impact

I draw upon state-building and legislative literatures to investigate how constituency-based representative institutions in the Progressive Era nationalized innovative public policies, thereby expanding the authority of the federal government as a component of the modern American state developing at that time. Using state-level referenda votes as measures of grassroots views, multivariate analysis discloses the impact of district opinion, as well as party and district economy, as major determinants of House roll call voting on landmark regulatory legislation authorizing federal intervention in market relationships, state suffrage qualifications, and life-style behaviors involving intoxicating beverages.

scholarly journals Elevated Procalcitonin Is Positively Associated with the Severity of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis Based on 10 Cohort Studies

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Yue Shen ◽  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Xue Zheng ◽  
Yuefei Jin ◽  
Guangcai Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Background and Objectives: Procalcitonin (PCT) is positively associated with the severity of COVID-19 (including severe, critical, or fatal outcomes), but some of the confounding factors are not considered. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the adjusted relationship between elevated procalcitonin on admission and the severity of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We searched 1805 articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to 2 April 2021. The articles were selected which reported the adjusted relationship applying multivariate analysis between PCT and the severity of COVID-19. The pooled effect estimate was calculated by the random-effects model. Results: The meta-analysis included 10 cohort studies with a total of 7716 patients. Patients with elevated procalcitonin on admission were at a higher risk of severe and critical COVID-19 (pooled effect estimate: 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38–2.29; I2 = 85.6%, p < 0.001). Similar results were also observed in dead patients (pooled effect estimate: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.36–2.30). After adjusting for diabetes, the positive association between PCT and the severity of COVID-19 decreased. Subgroup analysis revealed heterogeneity between studies and sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust. There was no evidence of publication bias by Egger’s test (p = 0.106). Conclusions: Higher procalcitonin is positively associated with the severity of COVID-19, which is a potential biomarker to evaluate the severity of COVID-19 and predict the prognosis.

scholarly journals Hypertension and Its Associations with Dental Status: Data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Nationwide Records-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Galit Almoznino ◽  
Avraham Zini ◽  
Ron Kedem ◽  
Noam E. Protter ◽  
Dorit Zur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Birth Country ◽  
Male Sex

Conflicting results have been published regarding the associations between dental status and hypertension. This study aims to explore whether or not hypertension is associated with dental status among young to middle-aged adults. To that end, data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) study were analyzed. The DOME is a cross-sectional records-based study that combines comprehensive socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationally representative sample of military personnel. Included were 132,529 subjects aged 18–50 years who attended the military dental clinics for one year. The prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 2.5% (3363/132,529). Following multivariate analysis, the associations between hypertension and dental parameters were lost and hypertension retained a positive association with obesity (Odds ratio (OR) = 4.2 (3.7–4.9)), diabetes mellitus (OR = 4.0 (2.9–5.7)), birth country of Western Europe vs. Israeli birth country (OR = 1.9 (1.6–2.2)), male sex (OR = 1.9 (1.6–2.2)), cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.9 (1.6–2.3)), presence of fatty liver (OR = 1.8 (1.5–2.3)), the birth country Asia vs. Israeli birth country (OR = 1.6 (1.1–2.3)), smoking (OR = 1.2 (1.05–1.4)), and older age (OR = 1.05 (1.04–1.06)). Further analysis among an age-, smoking- and sex matched sub-population (N = 13,452) also revealed that the dental parameters lost their statistically significant association with hypertension following multivariate analysis, and hypertension retained a positive association with diabetes (OR = 4.08 (2.6–6.1)), obesity (OR = 2.7 (2.4–3.2)), birth country of Western Europe vs. Israel (OR = 1.9 (1.6–2.3)), cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.8 (1.5–2.2)), fatty liver (OR = 1.7 (1.3–2.3)), high school education vs. academic (OR = 1.5 (1.3–1.8)), and low socio-economic status (SES) vs. high (OR = 1.4 (1.03–1.8)). We analyzed the associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and dental parameters and combined the statistically significant variables to create a dental inflammation score (DIS). This crated a final model with the appropriate weights written as follows: DIS = (periodontal disease × 14) + (the number of teeth that required crowns × 11) + (missing teeth × 75). The mean DIS was 10.106 ± 25.184, and it exhibited a weak positive association with hypertension in the univariate analysis (OR = 1.011 (1.010–1.012)). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the DIS against hypertension produced a failed area under the curve (AUC) result (0.57 (0.56–0.58)). Moreover, the DIS also lost its statistical significance association with hypertension following multivariate analysis. We conclude that hypertension had no statistically significant nor clinically significant association with dental status. The study established a profile of the “patient vulnerable to hypertension”, which retained well-known risk factors for hypertension such as older age, male sex, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver but not dental parameters.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: population-based cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tiosano ◽  
A. Farhi ◽  
A. Watad ◽  
N. Grysman ◽  
R. Stryjer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Database ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aims.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease involving multiple organs, including the central nervous system. Evidence of immune dysfunction exists also in schizophrenia, a psychiatric illness involving chronic or recurrent psychosis. The aim of our study was to investigate if there is an epidemiological association between SLE and schizophrenia.Method.A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing patients with SLE with age and gender-matched controls regarding the proportion of patients with comorbid schizophrenia. χ2- and t-tests were used for univariate analysis, and interaction of schizophrenia with SLE across strata of covariates was checked. A logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The study was performed utilising the medical database of Clalit Health Services in Israel.Results.The study included 5018 patients with SLE and 25 090 controls. SLE patients had a female predominance, and a higher proportion of smoking compared with age and sex-matched controls. In multivariate analysis, SLE was found to be independently associated with schizophrenia while controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking (OR 1.33, p = 0.042).Conclusions.We found a positive association between SLE and schizophrenia across patients of different age, gender and SES. This association can contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of the two disorders and may also have clinical implications for earlier as well as better diagnosis and treatment.

Postoperative Reduction of Intraventricular Hemorrhage Volume: Single- Versus Dual-Catheter Drainage

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (04) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Syed Hussain ◽  
Asif Raza ◽  
Hafiz Asif ◽  
Usman Ahmad ◽  
Naveed Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Hematoma Volume ◽  
Catheter Drainage ◽  
Catheter Group

Background/Aims The use of single/dual external ventricular drains (EVD) for reducing intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is under investigation. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare postoperative reduction of IVH volume using single- and dual-catheter drainage in spontaneous IVH patients. We investigated factors that may influence an effective hematoma volume reduction by EVDs. Materials and Methods The average cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage volumes were analyzed. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on admission, 24 hours and 48 hours after EVD placement, and then on days 5 and 8. Patient group 1 was treated with a single EVD; patient group 2 was treated with bilateral EVDs. The IVH volume was calculated in all ventricles. A multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate variables that can influence the extent of hematoma volume reduction with a bilateral EVD. Regression followed by a Pearson correlation was performed to observe the strength of association of cofounders with the IVH volume reduction. Results The percentage of IVH volume change was found to be significantly higher in the dual-catheter group compared with the single-catheter group (p = 0.0034) after 5 days of EVD. The mean reduction in IVH volume was 17.36 (mL) in patients ≤ 45 years of age and 20.50 (mL) in patients > 45 years. The multivariate analysis suggested the following significant predictors for IVH volume reduction: age of the patient (p = 0.011) and longer duration (days) of EVD (p = 0.028). The age of the patient had a weak positive association and duration of EVD had a positive association with the IVH volume reduction. Conclusion Intraventricular drainage via bilateral EVDs may provide a better draining of blood-mixed CSF because it led to faster clot clearance. It is suggested that a longer duration of bilateral EVDs may lead to a greater reduction in IVH volume. Older patients may experience a greater IVH volume reduction by EVD because the volume of CSF increases with cerebral atrophy.

Socioeconomic and environmental determinants of child survival in Bangladesh

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Kashem Majumder ◽  
S. M. Shafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Working Status

SummaryDifferentials in child survival in Bangladesh have been examined using a number of socioeconomic and environmental factors on data from the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey. Multivariate analysis reveals that both wife's and husband's education and household electricity show a significant positive association with child survival. The respondent's working status exerts a significant negative influence. Wife's education has a greater influence on child survival in Bangladesh than that of husband's education.

scholarly journals Nexus between Internal Controls System and Effectiveness in Revenue Collection in Energy Utilities in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Justine Celestine ◽  
Emmanuel Matiku
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
Energy Utilities ◽  
And Control

This research examined the nexus between internal controls system and revenue collection effectiveness in energy utilities in Tanzania. Multiple regression analysis was applied to the collected data from respondents. It was revealed that, control environments and control activities have insignificant and positive association with revenue collection effectiveness while risk assessment and monitoring of controls had significant and positive influence to effectiveness in revenue collection. In order to improve revenue collection efficiency in energy utilities and other related public authorities in Tanzania, it is indispensable to support and improve internal controls system like segregation of duties, reconciliations and physical controls so as to bring efficiency in revenue collection. Also, assessment of risk is another control which needs to be undertaken in order to encourage revenue collection effectiveness. For all these controls to be active, monitoring of controls should be highly undertaken on periodic basis. Since our research considered energy sector as the study area particularly at TANESCO in Morogoro region, it is recommended that next studies should take into consideration other sectors and related public bodies.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis in the city of Catania, Italy.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e2019031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Nicoletti ◽  
Calogero Edoardo Cicero ◽  
Antonia Mantella ◽  
Loretta Giuliano ◽  
Cristina Rascunà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The City

Toxocariasis is one of the most common helminthiases worldwide. However, there is a lack of data regarding Southern Italy. We have evaluated the seroprevalence and associated environmental factors of toxocariasis in a sample of adults living in the city of Catania. Presence of anti-Toxocara canis IgG antibodies was searched using an ELISA test using excretory/secretory antigens. Environmental risk factors have beene valuated with a face-to-face questionnaire. Two hundred eighty-seven subjects (mean age of 48.1±15.6 years) were enrolled, and presence of anti T. canis antibodies was found in 23 participants, of whom 18 (78.3%) were women with a mean age of 51.1±14.0 years, giving a seroprevalence of 8.0% (95%CI 5.4-11.7). At multivariate analysis a positive association for subjects with more than 3 siblings (adjOR 3.17; 95%CI 1.09-9.25) was recorded. Our study confirms that exposition to T. canis is common also in urban areas of western countries.

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