Development of turkey feather fiber-filled thermoplastic polyurethane composites: Thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and morphological characterizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110561
Author(s):  
Ugur Soykan
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

This present study centers sensitively on the determination of the effect of natural turkey feather fibers (TFFs) loading on fundamental features (thermal, mechanical, water-uptake, and micro-structural) of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The composites with different TFFs contents (3, 6, 9, and 12 wt.%) were fabricated by the melt blending method using the twin screw extruder and micro-injection molder. The samples were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), universal mechanical (tensile and hardness) tester, water-uptake, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The thermal analysis depicted that the melting temperatures of the soft and hard segments as well as the crystallinity degree of TPU increased consistently with the increase of TFFs loading level thanks to the formation of better close-packed TPU chains in the matrices. As for the mechanical test results, when compared neat TPU, the tensile strengths were reinforced by 26.8% and 19.7%, and the modulus increased by 6.6% and 45.1% for the composite samples including 3% and 6% of TFFs, respectively. However, drastic diminishment were observed at further contents. Additionally, TFFs loadings brought about gradual increase in the water-uptake capacities of the composites due to the increasing of the number of voids and omnipresent flaws in TPU matrices. The taken SEM images also revealed that, at low contents, there existed the enrichment of interfacial adhesion between TFFs and TPU matrix, whereas the morphological appearance of the composites get worse at high contents accompanied by the formation of micro-structural defects.

Effect of different amounts of modified talc on the mechanical, thermal, and crystallization properties of poly(butylene succinate)

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingxin Sun ◽  
Chengzhi Chuai ◽  
Si Luo ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
Chunyang Han
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Crystallization Properties ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Abstract Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) with different ratios of modified talc was prepared by twin-screw extruding. The effect of different loading amounts of talc on the mechanical, thermal, and crystallization properties of PBS was investigated. The mechanical test results indicate that the stiffness of the composites was increased linearly with increasing talc content, and the tensile strength and elongation stayed at relatively high levels when the talc amount is <15 phr. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of PBS composites was improved notably with a small amount (5–10 phr) of talc; however, high loading of talc did not help further improve the thermal stability. Differential scanning calorimetry data showed that the melting enthalpy (ΔHm), crystallization enthalpy (ΔHc), and crystallinity degree (Xc) decreased when the talc increased and crystallization temperature (Tc) was moving to relatively high values. The results of X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the incorporation of talc inhibited the PBS crystallization behavior significantly but did not change the crystal structure. Scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the homogeneous dispersion and smoother fracture surfaces of the composite became inhomogeneous and coarse with higher talc loading.

Effect of Silane Treated and Untreated Talc on the Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Polypropylene Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Govorčin Bajsić ◽  
Filipan Veljko ◽  
Vesna Ocelić Bulatović
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Pp Blends

The effect of the silane treated talc on the mechanical and thermal properties of talc filled thermoplastic polyurethane/polypropylene blends (TPU/PP blends) was investigated. Thermoplastic polyurethane and polypropylene are partially miscible due to the lack of interfacial interaction between the nonpolar crystalline PP and polar TPU. Blends of TPU and PP with silane treated and untreated-talc were prepared using melt blending in a laboratory twin-screw extruder. Organosilane (3-glycidoxypropyl-trimetoxy silane coupling agent) was used to treat talc in order to improve the affinity between the filler and the TPU/PP blends. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical (tensile test) measurements were used to characterize the talc filled and silane treated talc filled composites and TPU/PP/talc blends. The addition of silane treated and untreated talc in TPU/PP blends improved miscibility in all investigated TPU/PP/talc blends. The silane treatment increases the storage modulus in all investigated TPU/PP/talc blends in comparison with that of the untreated TPU/PP/talc blends. The obtained DSC results show that the addition of silane treated talc increases the degree of crystallinity (χc) of TPU/PP/talc blends because of the improved adhesion between the polymer and the treated talc. Addition of silane treated talc improved the mechanical properties as compared to TPU/PP/talc blends without chemical modification of talc. The results of strength correlate to the values of the storage modulus and crystallinity of the investigated TPU/PP/talc blends.

scholarly journals Enhancement of mechanical, thermal and water uptake performance of TPU/jute fiber green composites via chemical treatments on fiber surface

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuffaha Fathe Salem ◽  
Seha Tirkes ◽  
Alinda Oyku Akar ◽  
Umit Tayfun
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Treatment Type

AbstractChopped jute fiber (JF) surfaces were modified using alkaline, silane and eco-grade epoxy resin. Surface characteristics of jute fibers were confirmed by FTIR and EDX analyses. JF filled polyurethane elastomer (TPU) composites were prepared via extrusion process. The effect of surface modifications of JF on mechanical, thermo-mechanical, melt-flow, water uptake and morphological properties of TPU-based eco-composites were investigated by tensile and hardness tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), melt flow index (MFI) test, water absorption measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. Mechanical test results showed that silane and epoxy treated JF additions led to increase in tensile strength, modulus and hardness of TPU. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of TPU rose up to higher values after JF inclusions regardless of treatment type. Si-JF filled TPU exhibited the lowest water absorption among composites. Surface treated JFs displayed homogeneous dispersion into TPU and their surface were covered by TPU according to SEM micro-photographs.

scholarly journals High-Tribological-Performance Polymer Nanocomposites: An Approach Based on the Superlubricity State of the Graphene Oxide Agglomerates

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2237
Author(s):  
Eder H. C. Ferreira ◽  
Angela Aparecida Vieira ◽  
Lúcia Vieira ◽  
Guilhermino J. M. Fechine
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Multilayer Graphene ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

Here, nanocomposites of high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HMWPE) and HMWPE-UHMWPE (80/20 wt.%) containing a low amount of multilayer graphene oxide (mGO) (≤0.1 wt.%) were produced via twin-screw extrusion to produce materials with a higher tribological performance than UHMWPE. Due to the high viscosity of both polymers, the nanocomposites presented a significant concentration of agglomerates. However, the mechanical (tensile) and tribological (volumetric loss) performances of the nanocomposites were superior to those of UHMWPE. The morphology of the nanocomposites was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microtomography, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The explanation for these results is based on the superlubricity phenomenon of mGO agglomerates. It was also shown that the well-exfoliated mGO also contained in the nanocomposite was of fundamental importance as a mechanical reinforcement for the polymer. Even with a high concentration of agglomerates, the nanocomposites displayed tribological properties superior to UHMWPE’s (wear resistance up to 27% higher and friction coefficient up to 57% lower). Therefore, this manuscript brings a new exception to the rule, showing that agglomerates can act in a beneficial way to the mechanical properties of polymers, as long as the superlubricity phenomenon is present in the agglomerates contained in the polymer.

scholarly journals Polyamide 6 and thermoplastic polyurethane recycled hybrid Fibres via twin-screw melt extrusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zaharah Kunchimon ◽  
Muhammad Tausif ◽  
Parikshit Goswami ◽  
Vien Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Melt Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw

Thermoplastic polyurethane/CNT nanocomposites with low electromagnetic resistance property

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110370
Author(s):  
Chia-Fang Lee ◽  
Chin-Wen Chen ◽  
Fu-Sheng Chuang ◽  
Syang-Peng Rwei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Acrylic Ester

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at 0.5 wt% to 2 wt% proportions were added to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) synthesized with polycarbonatediol (PCDL), 4,4’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and 1,3-butanediol(1,3-BDO). To formulate a new TPU-MWCNT nanocomposite, the composite was melt-blended with a twin-screw extruder. To ensure the even dispersion of MWCNTs, dispersant (ethylene acrylic ester terpolymer; Lotader AX8900) of equal weight proportion to the added MWCNTs was also added during the blending process. Studies on the mechanical and thermal properties, and melt flow experiments and phase analysis of TPU-MWCNT nanocomposites, these nanocomposites exhibit higher tensile strength and elongation at break than neat TPU. TPU-MWCNT nanocomposites with higher MWCNT content possess higher glass-transition temperature (Tg), a lower melt index, and greater hardness. Relative to neat TPU, TPU-MWCNT nanocomposites exhibit favorable mechanical properties. By adding MWCNTs, the tensile strength of the nanocomposites increased from 7.59 MPa to 21.52 MPa, and Shore A hardness increased from 65 to 81. Additionally, TPU-MWCNT nanocomposites with MWCNTs had lower resistance coefficients; the resistance coefficient decreased from 4.97 × 1011 Ω/sq to 2.53 × 104 Ω/sq after adding MWCNTs, indicating a conductive polymer material. Finally, the internal structure of the TPU-MWCNT nanocomposites was examined under transmission electron microscopy. When 1.5 wt% or 2 wt% of MWCNTs and dispersant were added to TPU, the MWCNTs were evenly dispersed, with increased electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. The new material is applicable in the electronics industry as a conductive polymer with high stiffness.

Characterization of the Aniline.DBSA/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends for the Thermo-Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Ayesha Afzal ◽  
Iqra Abdul Rashid ◽  
H.M. Faizan Shakir ◽  
Asra Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer ◽  
Thermal Analyzer ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Polymerization Method

Conducting polymer blends Polyaniline-Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (Pani.DBSA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared using in-situ emulsion polymerization method by dissolving both components in DMF. Ani.DBSA/TPU blends were prepared with different compositions 20/80, 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50 wt%. Theses blends have good conducting and mechanical properties. Blends were characterized by Potentiostate, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA). The electrical conductivity increases up to 30 wt% loading of aniline.DBSA after that it decreases gradually. The uniform dispersion of aniline.DBSA showed in SEM images which is the indication of a strong connection between aniline.DBSA and TPU which increase the conductivity. These blends can be used as strain sensors.

Effect of alkali and silane surface treatments on the mechanical and physical behaviors of date palm seed-filled thermoplastic polyurethane eco-composites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571989090
Author(s):  
Sedef Sismanoglu ◽  
Umit Tayfun ◽  
Yasin Kanbur
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Interface Adhesion ◽  
Blending Method

In this study, eco-grade thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), which includes 46% renewable content, was reinforced with date palm seed (DPS). Alkali and silane surface treatments were applied to DPS to increase the compatibility between DPS and TPU matrix. The oil of DPS was removed before treatments and surface functionalities of modified and pristine DPS samples were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Composites were fabricated using melt blending method and injection molding processes. Test samples of composites were characterized using tensile test, hardness test, water absorption study, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), melt flow index (MFI) test, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to test results, silane treatment led to remarkable improvement for mechanical performance of composites attributed to improvement of compatibility and interface adhesion between DPS and TPU. DMA results implied that higher storage modulus and glass transition temperature were achieved for treated DPS-containing composites compared to pristine DPS filled ones. Thermal stability of flexible segment of TPU increased with the addition of DPS regardless of surface treatment. Additionally, DPS loadings caused significant increase in MFI value of unfilled TPU. Silane-treated DPS-containing composite yielded the lowest water uptake value among samples due to the hydrophobicity of silane layer. Enrichment of interface adhesion of DPS to TPU matrix was confirmed by SEM micrographs of composites. Silane-treated DPS-containing composite displayed higher results among produced composites since the increase in interfacial interactions with TPU was achieved by silane treatment for DPS surface.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Bentonite Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Lendvai ◽  
Ákos Kmetty ◽  
József Karger-Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/bentonite nanocomposites containing up to 7.5 wt.% bentonite were prepared. Maize starch was plasticized with glycerol and water, in presence or absence of bentonite, in a twin-screw extruder. Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the TPS/bentonite nanocomposites were determined and discussed. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images revealed a good dispersion of bentonite particles with some remaining agglomerates in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 μm. According to the tensile test results the tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased significantly with increasing bentonite content, however, at cost of elongation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the presence of bentonite exerted little to no effect on the thermal stability of TPS.

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