From Impressions to Intentions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Police Contact on Willingness to Report Crimes to Law Enforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres F. Rengifo ◽  
Lee Ann Slocum ◽  
Vijay Chillar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Crime Reporting ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Police Contact ◽  
Willingness To Report ◽  
Reporting Intentions

Objectives: Crime reporting intentions have been associated with ratings of police legitimacy and effectiveness. Less is known about the role of personal encounters with police. We explore this issue by specifying associations between reporting intentions and type of contact (involuntary/voluntary), scope (cumulative/recent), and appraisal (respect/satisfaction with last encounter). Methods: This study draws on surveys of young adults in New York City ( N = 508) and uses structural equation modeling to examine correlates of crime reporting intentions. Results: Respondents with more stops are less willing to report, and this effect is both direct and indirect, operating primarily via legitimacy. The association between reporting intentions and variety of voluntary contacts is direct and positive. Negative appraisals of recent stops are associated with lower reporting intentions but only indirectly; feelings of disrespect in recent stops are mediated by perceptions of legitimacy. Dissatisfaction with a recent voluntary contact is related to negative views of police effectiveness, but effectiveness does not shape reporting intentions. Instead, disrespectful voluntary contact has a direct negative relationship with reporting attitudes. Conclusion: The results underscore the importance of better-specifying contact with the police, as reporting intentions and related perceptions of law enforcement vary across experience and appraisal mechanisms.

Does personality affect the individual's perceptions of organizational justice? The mediating role of organizational politics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Aggarwal ◽  
Kamrunnisha Nobi ◽  
Amit Mittal ◽  
Sanjay Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organizational Politics ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Perceptions Of Organizational Politics

PurposeThe personality of an individual plays a vital role in the way an individual perceives organizational politics and justice in the workplace. However, there is meager research on how an individual's personality affects the perceptions of organizational politics and justice. This study endeavors to fill this gap by analyzing the mediating role of organizational politics perceptions on the relationship between Big Five personality dimensions and organizational justice by controlling various demographic variables. The study also proposes a benchmarking model that the policymakers can use to create positive organizational justice perceptions.Design/methodology/approachIn this cross-sectional research, the data were collected through a multi-stage random sampling technique from 493 faculty members working in four public universities of Punjab, India. Out of 493 employees, 76.9% of the employees were assistant professors, 12.0% were associate professors and 11.2% were assistant professors. 51.5% of the employees were female, and 48.5% of the employees were male. To test the proposed hypothesized relationships, a structural equation modeling technique was used.FindingsResults of the structural equation modeling showed that openness to experience, conscientiousness and extraversion have a negative relationship with perceptions of organizational politics. However, their relationship with perceptions of organizational justice is positive. Neuroticism has a positive relationship with perceptions of organizational politics, whereas it has a negative relationship with perceptions of organizational justice. Results also showed that high perceptions of organizational politics have a negative effect on employee's perceptions regarding organizational justice. The mediation analysis results showed that perceptions of organizational politics mediate the relationship between an individual's personality and perceptions of organizational justice.Originality/valueThere is a scant amount of research available that considers Big Five personality dimensions and organizational politics as the antecedents of organizational justice. Hence, the current study tries to fill this research gap by proposing a research model on antecedents and consequences of perceptions of organizational politics based on the cognitive-affective processing system (CAPS).

Mindfulness and Suicide Ideation in Iranian Cardiovascular Patients: Testing the Mediating Role of Patience

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Hashemi ◽  
Ahmed A. Moustafa ◽  
Leila Rahmati Kankat ◽  
Ahmad Valikhani
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study was to explore the mediating role of patience on the relationship between mindfulness and suicide ideation. To do so, 110 patients with cardiovascular diseases were recruited from the outpatient Clinic of Imam Reza in the city of Shiraz in Iran. These patients completed The Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire, Patience Scale, and Suicide Ideation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between mindfulness and patience ( r = .32, p < .001). There was a significant negative relationship between patience and suicide ideation ( r = −.36, p < .001). The results of mediating model showed that patience functioned as a mediator in the relationship between mindfulness and suicide ideation among patients with cardiovascular diseases ( β = −.33, p = .005). According to these findings, it can be claimed that mindfulness affects patients’ suicidal thoughts negatively through patience.

scholarly journals The Identity Prism: How Racial Identification Frames Perceptions of Police Contact, Legitimacy, and Effectiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-617
Author(s):  
Andres F. Rengifo ◽  
Lee Ann Slocum
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Police Contact ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This article examines the role of racial identity in the configuration of opinions about the police. We argue that racial identity links social context to individual valuations of law enforcement, moderating the association between specific encounters and general views on police legitimacy and effectiveness. These propositions are assessed using data from a sample of 451 Black and Latino/a youth in New York City. Findings lend partial support for the hypothesis that, for youth with a strong racial/ethnic identity, the detrimental consequences of more “coercive” stops and stops seen as disrespectful are amplified for valuations of legitimacy but not of effectiveness. We discuss these findings in the context of emerging work connecting race, law, and procedural justice at the micro- and macrolevels.

Effects of Death Anxiety on Perceived Stress in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis and the Role of Self-Transcendence

2019 ◽  
pp. 003022281988071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Abdollahi ◽  
Hannaneh Panahipour ◽  
Kelly A. Allen ◽  
Simin Hosseinian
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Relationship

Stress is a commonly reported concern of individuals with chronical diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). This study sought to investigate the relationships between self-transcendence, death anxiety, and perceived stress among individuals with MS from Iran. A second aim of the study was to assess the buffering effect of self-transcendence in the relationship between death anxiety and perceived stress. Two hundred and fifteen participants with MS from four hospitals completed measures assessing self-transcendence, death anxiety, and perceived stress. Using structural equation modeling, death anxiety was found to be positively related to perceived stress. In addition, there was a negative relationship between self-transcendence and perceived stress. Results of the study suggest that self-transcendence is a buffer in the link between death anxiety and perceived stress for individuals with MS. The findings demonstrate the importance of self-transcendence in decreasing the effects of death anxiety on perceived stress and have clinical implications for health professionals.

Personal values and ethical fashion consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikant Manchiraju ◽  
Amrut Sadachar
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us

Purpose – The role of personal values in consumer behavior is well documented; however, in the context of fashion consumption, the role of personal values’ influence on consumers’ ethical behavior has not been studied. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to seek to explore whether consumers’ personal values predict consumers’ behavioral intentions to engage in ethical fashion consumption. Design/methodology/approach – The present study employed the Fritzsche model, which states that an individual's personal values are related to his/her intentions to engage in ethical behavior. The present study examined the causal relationship between the personal values and behavioral intentions to engage in ethical fashion consumption. Data collected from the US national sample were subjected to structural equation modeling. Findings – The proposed model explained 42 percent of variance in consumer's behavioral intentions toward ethical fashion consumption. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship between self-enhancement personal values and behavioral intention toward ethical fashion consumption was found. Several theoretical and practical implications related to the present study were discussed. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge, the study is first of its kind in several aspects: first, ethical fashion consumption has been conceptualized in the broadest definition possible, as oppose to focussing on a particular facet of fashion consumption (e.g. organic products or counterfeit fashion); second, linking consumer personal values as a predictor of his/her ethical fashion consumption behavioral intentions; and third, employing the Fritzsche model in fashion behavior context.

Willingness to Report Crimes: The Role of Ethnic Group Membership and Community Efficacy

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Davis ◽  
Nicole J. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Community Efficacy ◽  
Ethnic Group Membership ◽  
Willingness To Report ◽  
Fear Of Retaliation

Law enforcement experts and observers of immigrant communities have suggested that immigrants are reluctant to report crimes to the police. Various reasons have been advanced to support this idea, ranging from distrust of authorities to fear of retaliation or deportation to lack of confidence in the police. This study examined willingness to report crimes among residents of six ethnic communities in New York City. In spite of the pessimism expressed in the literature, the authors found that large majorities of respondents said that they would report break-ins, muggings, family violence, and (to a lesser extent) drug selling. Persons who said that their ethnic community was likely to work together to solve local problems and those who believed that their community wielded political power were more likely than those whose communities were disenfranchised to say that they would report crimes.

scholarly journals The protective role of Professional Self-Concept and Job Embeddedness on Nurses’ Burnout: Structural Equation Modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
soghra goliroshan ◽  
Monir Nobahar ◽  
Nayyereh Raeisdana ◽  
zahra ebadinejad ◽  
parvin Aziznejadroshan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Job Embeddedness ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Professional Self

Abstract Background and aim: Job embeddedness and professional self-concept are among the important nursing components, the existence of which help decrease occupational burnout among nurses. This study aimed to determine the protective role of Professional Self-concept and Job embeddedness on nurses’burnout. Methods: This descriptive, correlational study had a predictive design and was conducted on nurses working in training and healthcare centers of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2019. In total, 308 nurses were selected by stratified random sampling. In addition, data were collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire, Professional Self-concept questionnaire, Job embeddedness scale and nurses’ burnout questionnaire. Moreover, data analysis was performed in SPSS version 19 and LISREL version 8.54 using correlational statistics and structural equation modeling. Findings: The results showed, there was a significant, negative relationship between Professional Self-concept and nurses’ burnout (a regression coefficient of -0.77). Meanwhile, an insignificant negative association was found between Job embeddedness and burnout (a regression coefficient of -0.07). The Job embeddedness and self-concept explained 33% of the variance in nurses’ burnout. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, Professional Self-concept had an effective role in nurses’ burnout. In other words, the higher the Professional Self-concept of nurses, the lower their burnout. Therefore, it is suggested that effective interventional strategies be designed by nursing managers through better planning and a supportive workplace be established to improve Professional Self-concept among nurses and decrease their burnout.

scholarly journals Fear of Terror and Psychological Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Asad Ali Shah ◽  
Tian Yezhuang ◽  
Adnan Muhammad Shah ◽  
Dilawar Khan Durrani ◽  
Syed Jamal Shah
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Study Results

The purpose of this study was to empirically explore whether or not the level of emotional intelligence of adolescents mitigates the potential adverse effects of the fear of terror on their psychological well-being. Data for this study were collected through a voluntary survey from a sample of 385 adolescents residing in the terrorism-affected provinces of Pakistan: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and Balochistan. The results from the structural equation modeling revealed that fear of terrorism had a significant negative relationship with the psychological well-being of adolescents. The study results further revealed that emotional intelligence significantly moderated the relationship between the fear of terrorism and the psychological well-being of the adolescents. Therefore, the negative relationship was stronger for those with low emotional intelligence and weaker for those with high emotional intelligence. This study also discusses several practical implications along with suggestions for future research.

The Role of Career Self-Efficacy on the Effect of Parental Career Behaviors on Career Exploration: A Study on School of Tourism and Hotel Management’ Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selahattin Kanten ◽  
Pelin Kanten ◽  
Murat Yeşiltaş
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Career Exploration ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the impact of parental career behaviors on undergraduate student’s career exploration and the mediating role of career self-efficacy. In the literature it is suggested that some social and individual factors facilitate students’ career exploration. Therefore, parental career behaviors and career self-efficacy is considered as predictors of student’s career exploration attitudes within the scope of the study. In this respect, data which are collected from 405 undergraduate students having an education on tourism and hotel management field by the survey method are analyzed by using the structural equation modeling. The results of the study indicate that parental career behaviors which are addressed support; interference and lack of engagement have a significant effect on student’s career exploration behaviors such as intended-systematic exploration, environment exploration and self-exploration. In addition, it has been found that one of the dimensions of parental career behaviors addressed as a lack of engagement has a significant effect on career self-efficacy levels of students. However, research results indicate that student’s career self-efficacy has a significant effect on only the self-exploration dimension. On the other hand, career self-efficacy has a partial mediating role between lack of engagement attitudes of parents and career exploration behaviors of students.

Application Of Technology Acceptance Model Of Unified Payment Interface Services Adoption In Mysuru City: An Exploratory Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Vinay S
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Technology Acceptance Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Continuous development of technological innovations especially in the banking sector have stirred competition which has changed the way businesses operate resulting in the introduction of Unified Interface Payment (UPI) services. This study was conducted in order to analyse the adoption of UPI services through Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in Mysuru. Objectives of study were framed to determine the demographic factors that influence the practices of UPI by the customers, to examine the role of banks in integrating UPI services and products and to assess the various security issues affecting the usage of UPI services by Mysuru customers. Based on these objectives a structured questionnaire was prepared and primary data was collected from 165 respondents. Data was analysed making use of SPSS and other models namely Structural Equation Modeling with Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) Software. Finally the researchers identifies that there is a need for convergence of customer’s preference for safe and easy banking transactions. This study revealed that the customer’s model have to be well integrated for progress in UPI operations.

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