Normal and Maladaptive Personality Traits as Predictors of Motives for Social Media Use and Its Effects on Well-Being

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412092249 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Laura Lupano Perugini ◽  
Alejandro Castro Solano
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relationship Maintenance ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Relationship Initiation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Search For Information

This study aimed to identify the motives for social media sites use in the general population and determine what personality traits (normal and maladaptive) predict different motives for social media sites use. Another objective was to analyze which motives for SMSs use are related to well-being. The sample consisted of 420 subjects (211 men, 209 women), mean age 40.29 years ( SD =  14.93). Data were gathered using the Big Five Inventory, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form -Adult, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, and a scale designed ad hoc to evaluate the motives for social media sites use. The results showed that the most frequent motives were Personal relationship maintenance/Search for information, Pastime/Exhibitionism, and Search for companionship. In addition, it was found that normal and, especially, maladaptive personality traits increased the explained variance for the three motives for social media sites use, beyond age and gender. Predictors of relationship initiation and pastime/exhibitionism motives were related to more negative features (e.g., antagonism and disinhibition) than predictors of personal relationship maintenance/search for information. Finally, personal relationship maintenance/search for information was positively related to all the components of well-being, while the other motives for social media sites use were negatively associated with well-being.

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽  
Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽  
Patrizia Steca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

scholarly journals Gratitude and Social Media: A Pilot Experiment on the Benefits of Exposure to Others’ Grateful Interactions on Facebook

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Sciara ◽  
Daniela Villani ◽  
Anna Flavia Di Natale ◽  
Camillo Regalia
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Specific Property ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Pilot Experiment

Facebook and other social networking sites allow observation of others’ interactions that in normal, offline life would simply be undetectable (e.g., a two-voice conversation viewable on the Facebook wall, from the perspective of a real, silent witness). Drawing on this specific property, the theory of social learning, and the most direct implications of emotional contagion, our pilot experiment (N = 49) aimed to test whether the exposure to others’ grateful interactions on Facebook enhances (a) users’ felt gratitude, (b) expressed gratitude, and (c) their subjective well-being. For the threefold purpose, we created ad hoc Facebook groups in which the exposure to some accomplices’ exchange of grateful messages for 2 weeks was experimentally manipulated and users’ felt/expressed gratitude and well-being were consequently assessed. Results partially supported both hypotheses. Observing others’ exchange of grateful posts/comments on Facebook appeared to enhance participants’ in-person expression of gratitude (i.e., self-reported gratitude expression within face-to-face interactions), but not their direct and subjective experiences of gratitude. Similarly, exposure to others’ grateful messages improved some components of subjective well-being, such as satisfaction with life, but not negative and positive affect. Taken together, however, our preliminary findings suggest for the first time that social networking sites may actually amplify the spreading of gratitude and its benefits. Implications of our results for professionals and future research in the field of health, education, and social media communication are discussed.

Body Image and Subjective Well-Being in Portuguese Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Borges ◽  
Margarida Gaspar de Matos ◽  
José Alves Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

AbstractThe study examines the impact of body image in adolescents’ well-being. Well-being was assessed with the scale Kidscreen10, with the Cantril ladder for satisfaction with life and with an ad hoc happiness scale. The study presents data on adolescent health from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC)/World Health Organization study in Portugal (2006), with a sample of 4,877 adolescents, average age of 14 years old and gender distribution at 49,6% males. Portuguese adolescents showed differences between gender and age group regarding their body image-related satisfaction/dissatisfaction and self-perceived body image, being that both components have a direct impact on the levels of well-being. The male gender has better results in the perception of body image and, consequently, well-being. The largest inter-gender differences for well-being is at 15 years of age. The main predictors of well-being are the look and body satisfaction/dissatisfaction, with greater importance on the affective component. This research highlights the importance of body image for adolescents’ well-being, as well as to prepare educational strategies adapted to adolescents’ age and gender, by helping them to develop skills concerning self-knowledge and caring for their look.

scholarly journals Social Media, Depressive Symptoms and Well-Being in Early Adolescence. The Moderating Role of Emotional Self-Efficacy and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Calandri ◽  
Federica Graziano ◽  
Luca Rollé
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Moderating Role

The study of the psychological effects of social media use on adolescents’ adjustment has long been the focus of psychological research, but results are still inconclusive. In particular, there is a lack of research on the positive and negative developmental outcomes and on possible moderating variables, especially concerning early adolescence. To fill these gaps in literature, the present study longitudinally investigated the relationships between social media use, depressive symptoms, affective well-being and life satisfaction, as well as the moderating role of emotional self-efficacy and gender. The study involved 336 Italian early adolescents (mean age = 13, sd = 0.3; 48% girls) who completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire twice within a year. Main results showed that higher social media use was related to higher depressive symptoms, lower affective well-being and lower life satisfaction among girls with lower emotional self-efficacy. Conversely, high social media use was related to higher affective well-being and higher life satisfaction for girls with higher emotional self-efficacy. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for risk prevention and health promotion among early adolescents. In particular, our results suggest that promoting emotional self-efficacy can be very helpful in making the use of social media an opportunity for well-being and life satisfaction rather than a developmental risk.

‘That’s not necessarily for them’: LGBTIQ+ young people, social media platform affordances and identity curation

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hanckel ◽  
Son Vivienne ◽  
Paul Byron ◽  
Brady Robards ◽  
Brendan Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young People ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and other non-heterosexual and gender diverse (LGBTIQ+) young people utilise a range of digital media platforms to explore identity, find support and manage boundaries. Less well understood, however, is how they navigate risk and rewards across the different social media platforms that are part of their everyday lives. In this study, we draw on the concept of affordances, as well as recent work on curation, to examine 23 in-depth interviews with LGBTIQ+ young people about their uses of social media. Our findings show how the affordances of platforms used by LGBTIQ+ young people, and the contexts of their engagement, situate and inform a typology of uses. These practices – focused on finding, building and fostering support – draw on young people’s social media literacies, where their affective experiences range from feelings of safety, security and control, to fear, disappointment and anger. These practices also work to manage boundaries between what is ‘for them’ (family, work colleagues, friends) and ‘not for them’. This work allowed our participants to mitigate risk, and circumnavigate normative platform policies and norms, contributing to queer-world building beyond the self. In doing so, we argue that young people’s social media curation strategies contribute to their health and well-being.

scholarly journals Self-Compassion as the Predictor of Flourishing of the Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogendra Verma ◽  
Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Common Humanity ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Gender

The study aimed to examine the impacts of self-compassion and gender on the human flourishing of the participants. Five hundred undergraduate and postgraduate students with an equal number of male and female served as the participants in the study. The age of the male participants ranged from 17 years to 25 years (M = 20.13, SD = 2.15) whereas the age of female participants spanned from 18 years to 25 years (M = 19.89, SD = 1.85). Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003a) and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (Keyes, 2005) were employed to measure the self-compassion and flourishing of the participants, respectively. The results of the study exhibited no gender differences in self-compassion and flourishing of the male and female participants. The male and female participants with low, average and high levels of self-compassion differed significantly in their evocation of mean scores of flourishing. The results of the study also evinced that scores on self-kindness, common humanity and mindfulness components of self-compassion demonstrated positive correlations with the hedonic human flourishing, social well-being, psychological well-being, eudaimonic human flourishing and overall human flourishing. Contrarily, the scores of self-judgement were found to be negatively correlated with the scores of human flourishing and its components of the male, female and all the participants. It is evident that the positive components of self-compassion were positively correlated with the different components of human flourishing. Lastly, the results of the study demonstrated that the scores on self-kindness, common humanity and mindfulness components of self-compassion accounted for significant variance in the scores of hedonic human flourishing, social well-being, psychological well-being, eudaimonic human flourishing and overall human flourishing. Conversely, the variance caused by the scores of self-judgement, isolation and over-identification parts of self-compassion in the scores of these measures was low and statistically non-significant positive. The results of the study have significant implications for the researchers, academicians, laymen, counselors and clinical psychologists. The findings of the present study have been discussed in the light of current theories of self-compassion and human flourishing. The limitations and future directions for research have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Validation of the Questionnaire «Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile» in the Russian Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-190
Author(s):  
M.D. Petrash ◽  
O.Y. Strizhitskaya ◽  
I.R. Murtazina
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Health Promoting Lifestyle ◽  
And Gender

The paper presents the results to the preliminary validation of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II; Walker, et al., 1987, 1996) on the Russian sample. 443 participants from Saint Petersburg, aged from 17 to 65, were involved in the study (136 males; 307 females). HPLP II showed high internal consistency in the whole sample (Cronbach’s α=0,888) and in age and gender subgroups (Cronbach’s α ranged from .850 to .898). In order to test the convergent validity of the questionnaire, we used: scales from the questionnaire of a healthy lifestyle, Big Five Personality Test, Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales, SF-36 Short Form Health Survey, Type of Attitude to the Disease questionnaire. The resulting correlations confirm the convergent validity of the profile. The HPLP II had satisfactory preliminary psychometric properties. It can be used to assess the health-promoting lifestyles on a Russian sample.

scholarly journals Postrzeganie Polaków oraz dobrostan imigrantek w opiniach kobiet z dawnych krajów radzieckich: wybrane aspekty

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4 (178)) ◽  
pp. 187-207
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kanasz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sociology Of Emotions ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Emotional Culture ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
And Gender

Perception of Poles and immigrants’ well-being in the opinions of women from the former Soviet countries: selected aspects In our meetings with representatives of other cultures, we look at each other, compare our experiences, create some ideas about the culture of a given country. The research goal is to explore images of Poles in the experience of immigrant women from post-Soviet countries, as well as to understand the subjective sense of their well-being in the situation of migration. The basis of the analysis are data from long observation of social media, scientific publications, reports, blogs. I pay special attention to the view of Belarusian women living in Poland, also because of the small number of thematic scientific publications from the perspective of this social group. The characteristics of Poles that immigrants from Belarus, Ukraine and Russia consider to be typical are presented. My inspiration comes from cultural theories in the sociology of emotions, namely the category of emotional culture and gender ideology by Arlie Russel Hochschild are used.

scholarly journals Evaluating the psychometric properties of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in Dutch adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantie C. Luijten ◽  
Sofie Kuppens ◽  
Daphne van de Bongardt ◽  
Anna P. Nieboer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Mental health is increasingly viewed as the presence of various aspects of well-being rather than just the absence of mental illness. The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a 14-item instrument that assesses mental health, focusing on emotional, psychological, and social well-being. The present study examined for the first time the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the MHC-SF among adolescents, focusing on its factor structure, internal consistency, construct validity, and gender and age factorial invariance. Methods Data were collected from a school-based sample of 1175 adolescents (53.4% girls) aged 11–17 years (M = 13.7; SD = 1.1). Participants completed an online questionnaire in the classroom during regular school hours. Statistical analyses to evaluate the factor structure, internal consistency, construct validity, and gender and age factorial invariance were performed in SPSS and R. Results Using confirmatory factor analyses, a satisfactory-to-good fit was obtained for the three-factor model (emotional, psychological, and social well-being). The MHC-SF scores showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .91) and results supported convergent and divergent validity. Finally, the MHC-SF showed gender and age factorial invariance. Conclusion The current psychometric evaluation indicates the MHC-SF is a reliable and valid instrument to assess multiple dimensions of well-being among Dutch adolescents. The instrument can be applied for research purposes and in clinical practice.

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