Evaluation of bamboo water-retting for fiber bundle extraction

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110620
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Hongbo Wang ◽  
Weidong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
One Year ◽  
Harvest Year

Bamboo fiber bundles were successfully extracted from bamboo culms using water-retting, taking advantage of enzymes secreted by microorganisms in the retting liquid. The harvest year and place of origin of the bamboo and the source of water impacted the products of the retting process. One-month-old bamboo was decomposed completely, whereas the one-year-old sample was hardly changed after 24-day retting. Moisture regain and crystallinity varied with the different origins of the bamboo. However, all samples resulted in similar chemical structures and thermal properties. The best operational conditions for water-retting were 3-month-old bamboo from Wuxi incubated in deionized water. Enzyme activities, including cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and ligninolytic enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase) were monitored during a 24-day retting. Manganese peroxidase was the primary enzyme used to degrade lignin, resulting in absorbance at 294 nm of UV-Vis spectra. In addition, xylanase played a leading role in hydrolyzing hemicellulose, which was consistent with the change in reducing sugar yield. In addition, variations in dissolved oxygen and pH values were also recorded, indicating the changes in bacterial strains and the enzymatic system. The wastewater from bamboo retting showed good biodegradability but a lack of nitrogen and phosphorus. Overall, a manganese peroxidase–xylanase combined enzyme-retting treatment would offer a more environmentally friendly approach for extracting bamboo fibers.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzothiazole Based [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-586
Author(s):  
Ranjit V. Gadhave ◽  
Bhanudas S. Kuchekar
Keyword(s):  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Antioxidant Agent

A new series of N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline-5-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized by condensation of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]quinazoline-5-carboxylate derivatives with substituted benzothiazoles. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, MS and 1H NMR spectra. Designed triazoloquinazoline derivatives were docked with oxido-reductase enzyme (PDB Code 4h1j) and DNA gyrase enzyme (PDB Code 3g75). Based on high binding affinity score, the best compound were selected for synthesis and subjected to in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Compounds 7a and 7d were found to be most active compounds as antioxidant agent among this series when compared with ascorbic acid. Compounds 7a, 7d and 7f were found to be most active compounds as an antibacterial agents among this series when compared with ciprofloxacin against bacterial strains such as S. aureus (ATCC 25923), E. coli (ATCC 25922) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Study revealed that the most active compounds after structural modifications can be exploited as lead molecules for other pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidepressant activities.

Study of the nutritional dynamic in olive leaves: periods of analytical stability

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana Nieto ◽  
Antonio García-Fuentes ◽  
Llenalia M. García ◽  
Emilia Fernández-Ondoño
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Analytical Stability ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
One Year

The aim of this study was to establish the evolution curves of macro- and micro-nutrients in olive leaves and the periods of time in which they are statistically stable and can be considered suitable for a nutritional diagnosis. The study was carried out in two farms of the province of Jaén (Andalucia, Southern Spain), with olive trees of the Picual variety, under an irrigation regime and no nutritional deficiencies over the entire year. The evolution curves of each nutrient had great similarities when comparing between farms and between periods. Only in some periods the farm “Poco Humo” had higher concentrations, probably due to the most favorable edaphic characteristics of this farm. Nitrogen and phosphorus showed minimum concentrations when the leaves were young and when they were one year old, and maximum concentrations during the winter. Potassium and boron showed higher concentrations when the leaves were young, and the concentrations decreased throughout the first year of life. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and manganese had the opposite behavior: these accumulated in leaf until reaching maximum values in winter and then remained stable, with some oscillations but without statistically significant differences. No changes were observed in the zinc concentrations in the sampled periods. Periods of at least two consecutive months without statistically significant differences were found during the winter period for all elements except nitrogen. Analytical stability was observed from the second fortnight of May till the first fortnight of August for all elements except phosphorus and boron.

Frost hardiness and winter photosynthesis of Thujapiicata and Pseudotsugamenzlesll seedlings grown at three rates of nitrogen and phosphorus supply

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Hawkins ◽  
M. Davradou ◽  
D. Pier ◽  
R. Shortt
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
One Year ◽  
P Supply

One-year-old seedlings of western red cedar (Thujapiicata Donn ex D.Don) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were grown for one season in five nutrient treatments with nitrogen (N) supplied in solution at rates of 20, 100, or 250 mg•L−1 and phosphorus (P) supplied at rates of 4, 20, or 60 mg•L−1. Growth, onset of dormancy, frost hardiness on six dates, and foliar nutrient concentrations in autumn and spring were measured. Midwinter rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration were measured at air temperatures of 4, 7, and 11 °C in seedlings from all nutrient treatments. Recovery of net photosynthesis and transpiration in whole seedlings from the three N treatments was assessed at intervals for 28 days after the seedlings were frozen to −5, −15, and −25°C. Foliar N content differed significantly among nutrient treatments and was positively correlated with supply. Mitotic activity ceased earliest in plants with low N supply. Douglas-fir seedlings in the low-N treatment also ceased height growth earliest. These differences in growth had no significant correlation with frost hardiness. No consistent differences in frost hardiness among nutrient treatments were observed. Higher rates of N and P supply resulted in higher rates of winter net photosynthesis. Net photosynthesis was reduced dramatically by night frost, with greater damage occurring at lower temperatures. Net photosynthesis recovery occurred most quickly in seedlings with the midrate of N and P supply.

The behavior of estrogenic substances in the biological treatment process of sewage

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Onda ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
C. Takatoh ◽  
A. Miya ◽  
Y. Katsu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
One Year ◽  
Batch Treatment ◽  
And Behavior

A study was conducted for about one year on the fate and behavior of estrogens, namely 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and estriol (E3) in an activated sludge process of a pilot scale plant supplied with domestic sewage. A simultaneous analytical method for these three substances using LC-MS/MS was developed and applied to sewage samples. The average removal of E2 was 94.7%, while that of E3 was 96.9%. In contrast, the average removal of E1 was relatively low at 69.2% with a maximum concentration of 55.4 ng/L detected in the treated water. The theoretical values of estrogenic activity calculated from the concentrations of each natural estrogen in treated water were found to correlate with the values of estrogenic activity measured by a yeast estrogen screening assay. The effect of E2 on estrogenic activity in influent was found to be high, while that of E1 in treated water was considerably higher. In batch treatment tests on E2, E2 turned into E1 immediately after being charged. After three hours of aeration, the values of both E1 and E2 were around threshold limits. It was determined from this that E1 and E2 were substances that could be degraded by biological treatment. As the removal of E2 was found to be sufficiently high at times, optimization of operational conditions based on E1 removal should be important for reducing estrogenic activity in treated water.

scholarly journals Lignolytic Enzymes Production from Selected Mushrooms

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Shantaveera Swamy ◽  
Ramalingappa
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Lignolytic Enzymes ◽  
Plate Assay

In this paper, ligninase enzymes produced by selected mushrooms have been reported. We collected mushrooms from Western Ghats, most of them were edible food. Thirty samples isolated were tested using a plate assay through direct agar plate assay by using ABTS, decolourisation containing the fifteen isolates were able to decolourise the dye, indicating a lignin-degrading ability. Spectrophotometric enzyme assays from all selected isolates were carried out to examine the production of Ligninolytic enzymes (Laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase). Ten selected isolates produced all three kinds of enzymes tested. Lignolytic enzymes are groups of enzymes these are actively involved in bioremediation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 308-313 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12732 

Characterisation of biodegradable organic matter in reclaimed water using a bacterial growth fingerprint assay

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1255-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinda Thayanukul ◽  
Futoshi Kurisu ◽  
Ikuro Kasuga ◽  
Kizuku Kanaya ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Microbial Regrowth ◽  
Biodegradable Organic Matter

Microbial regrowth, microbial growth after disinfection, is an important problem that deteriorates water quality during the storage and distribution of reclaimed water. Biodegradable organic matter (BOM) that remains after water reclamation processes directly promotes microbial regrowth. In this study we propose a novel assay called the ‘bacterial growth fingerprint (BGF)’ to characterise BOM based on the maximum growth of bacterial strains, which is the extension of the conventional assimilable organic carbon assay for drinking water. Nine bacterial strains were selected from nearly 200 isolates from various reclaimed water systems. These selected bacterial strains exhibited unique substrate utilisation patterns. The BGF assay clearly reflected the difference in the quantity and quality of BOM between six different reclamation plants and the changes in BOM during a full-scale reclamation process. The information on BOM revealed by the BGF assay is useful to optimise the treatment processes or operational conditions for biologically stable reclaimed water.

Performance of a pilot-scale constructed wetland for stormwater runoff and domestic sewage treatment on the banks of a polluted urban river

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1410-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Guo ◽  
Zhu Li ◽  
Shuiping Cheng ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Feng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Integrated Constructed Wetland ◽  
One Year

To examine the performance of a constructed wetland system on stormwater runoff and domestic sewage (SRS) treatment in central east China, two parallel pilot-scale integrated constructed wetland (ICW) systems were operated for one year. Each ICW consisted of a down-flow bed, an up-flow bed and a horizontal subsurface flow bed. The average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were 63.6, 91.9, 38.7, 43.0 and 70.0%, respectively, and the corresponding amounts of pollutant retention were approximately 368.3, 284.9, 23.2, 44.6 and 5.9 g m−2 yr−1, respectively. High hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 200 mm/d and low water temperatures (<15 °C) resulted in significant decrease in removals for TP and NH4+-N, but had no significant effects on removals of COD and TSS. These results indicated that the operation of this ICW at higher HLR (200 mm/d) might be effective and feasible for TSS and COD removal, but for acceptable removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus it should be operated at lower HLR (100 mm/d). This kind of ICW could be employed as an effective technique for SRS treatment.

Pore Structure of Coal-Chars Derived From Atmospheric and Pressurized Spouted Fluidized Bed Gasifiers

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Duan ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Xiaoping Chen ◽  
Changsui Zhao ◽  
Xin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Coal Char ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Partial Gasification

Pore structure is one of the most important factors that dominate the reactivity of post-combustion of coal-chars derived from partial gasification process of atmospheric and pressurized spouted fluidized bed gasifiers. The influential factors on pore structure of coal-chars were analyzed in terms of the coal size feed, operational conditions, coal-char size and its components. It concluded that pyrolysis and devolatilization play a leading role in forming the pore structure of coal-chars in the partial gasification process. It is the reaction of coal-char with CO2 and H2O (steam) that plays a dominant positive impact on promoting enlargement and development of the coal-char pores at the elevated pressure gasification. There may exist an optimal coal-char size range that possesses abundant porosity and bigger pore specific surface area, which contributes to enhancing the gasification reactions in the atmospheric gasifier.

scholarly journals Effect of Sodium Salicylate on the Viscoelastic Properties and Stability of Polyacrylate-Based Hydrogels for Medical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kolarova Raskova ◽  
Martina Hrabalikova ◽  
Vladimir Sedlarik
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Given

Investigation was made into the effect exerted by the presence of sodium salicylate (0–2 wt.%), in Carbomer-based hydrogel systems, on processing conditions, rheological and antimicrobial properties in tests against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains, and examples of yeast (Candida albicans) and mould (Aspergillus niger). In addition, the work presents an examination of long-term stability by means of aging over one year the given hydrogels at 8°C and 25°C. The results show that 0.5 wt.% NaSal demonstrated a noticeable effect on the hydrogel neutralization process, viscosity, and antimicrobial properties against all of the tested microorganisms. The long-term stability studies revealed that hydrogels can maintain antimicrobial activity as well as viscosity to a degree that would be sufficient for practical use.

The Effect Of Grazing Compared With Cutting, at Different Frequencies, On a Lucerne-Cocksfoot Ley

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Adjacent Site ◽  
One Year ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Extreme Treatment

SUMMARYGrazing with sheep was compared with cutting, in each case at three frequencies, four, five and six defoliations per year, on a lucerne—cocksfoot ley. The treatments were applied in one year and their effects measured during that year and at cuts in June and August of the following year. One experiment began in 1963 in the second harvest year of a ley and a second began in 1964, on an adjacent site, in the third harvest year of the ley. Cutting four times in the year allowed lucerne to persist satisfactorily in both experiments. In the 1964 experiment cutting five or six times and grazing rather than cutting had no apparent, serious, adverse effect on the lucerne compared with cutting four times. In the 1963 experiment, however, increasing the number of cuts and grazing rather than cutting had a large adverse effect on the lucerne, and in the most extreme treatment, grazing six times, the proportion of lucerne was reduced to 2 % of total herbage yield the following June compared with 66% on the four-cut treatment. The contrasting results in the two experiments seem associated with weather differences, 1964 being a much drier, more sunny growing season than 1963, and perhaps with the differences in age of sward, individual lucerne plants perhaps having bigger roots with more reserves in 1964 than in 1963. During the treatment year increasing frequency of defoliation tended to increase the N content of both species and grazing compared with cutting generally increased the N content of cocksfoot. During the year following the treatment year the N content of the two species was little affected by the experimental treatments. The implications for farm practice are considered.

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