scholarly journals Mitigating Tourism Social Costs during a Pandemic: Evaluating Residents’ Perceptions and Behavioral Intentions

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752110004
Author(s):  
ShiNa Li ◽  
Hengyun Li ◽  
Haiyan Song ◽  
Mengxin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
Mental Accounting ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Residents Attitudes

During a pandemic, tourism can inflict negative social costs on communities in tourist destinations. This study examines factors affecting residents’ responses to policies to mitigate the social costs of tourism during a pandemic. Two hypothetical scenarios are analyzed. Study 1 investigates framing effects on residents’ attitudes toward the effectiveness of policy measures; study 2 explores the impact of mental accounting on residents’ willingness to pay. Findings show that residents perceive policy measures as more effective if their positive outcomes of such measures are highlighted. Also, residents are more willing to fund social cost mitigation with unearned income, such as anti-pandemic bonds, than through their salaries. This article contributes to academic debate on the efficacy of public policies in combating pandemics and extends the literature on framing and mental accounting in tourism research. Policy implications of these findings are also discussed.

scholarly journals Public reporting of performance measures in long-term care in Canada: does it make a difference?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Poldrugovac ◽  
J E Amuah ◽  
H Wei-Randall ◽  
P Sidhom ◽  
K Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Public Reporting ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Evidence of the impact of public reporting of healthcare performance on quality improvement is not yet sufficient to draw conclusions with certainty, despite the important policy implications. This study explored the impact of implementing public reporting of performance indicators of long-term care facilities in Canada. The objective was to analyse whether improvements can be observed in performance measures after publication. Methods We considered 16 performance indicators in long-term care in Canada, 8 of which are publicly reported at a facility level, while the other 8 are privately reported. We analysed data from the Continuing Care Reporting System managed by the Canadian Institute for Health Information and based on information collection with RAI-MDS 2.0 © between the fiscal years 2011 and 2018. A multilevel model was developed to analyse time trends, before and after publication, which started in 2015. The analysis was also stratified by key sample characteristics, such as the facilities' jurisdiction, size, urban or rural location and performance prior to publication. Results Data from 1087 long-term care facilities were included. Among the 8 publicly reported indicators, the trend in the period after publication did not change significantly in 5 cases, improved in 2 cases and worsened in 1 case. Among the 8 privately reported indicators, no change was observed in 7, and worsening in 1 indicator. The stratification of the data suggests that for those indicators that were already improving prior to public reporting, there was either no change in trend or there was a decrease in the rate of improvement after publication. For those indicators that showed a worsening trend prior to public reporting, the contrary was observed. Conclusions Our findings suggest public reporting of performance data can support change. The trends of performance indicators prior to publication appear to have an impact on whether further change will occur after publication. Key messages Public reporting is likely one of the factors affecting change in performance in long-term care facilities. Public reporting of performance measures in long-term care facilities may support improvements in particular in cases where improvement was not observed before publication.

Psychosocial factors affecting patients with end-stage kidney disease and the impact of the social worker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaella Sotera Hansen ◽  
Wubshet Tesfaye ◽  
Beena Sewlal ◽  
Bharati Mehta ◽  
Kamal Sud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

The “Surge Phenomenon” of Macro Economy in Developing Countries from the Perspective of Tobacco Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-673
Author(s):  
Lulu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Starting from the tobacco economy, this paper studies the “surge phenomenon” of macro-economy in developing countries. Methods: This paper studies the impact of tobacco industry on Anhui economy by using the relevant theories of industrial economics, econometrics and regulatory economics, combined with the actual situation of tobacco industry. Based on the analysis of the overall development of tobacco industry, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between tobacco industry and Anhui economic growth. This paper combs the relevant literature of the existing research results of this theory. Combined with the special fact that government investment accounts for a large proportion in China’s current economic construction, this paper redefines the hypothesis of the investor in the theory of principles. On this basis, the expected equilibrium results of enterprise investment decision-making under government led and market led modes are compared and analyzed by using incomplete information static game model. Results: When the output value of tobacco industry increases by 1%, it will drive the GDP to increase by 0.373%. Secondly, by comparing the economic benefits of tobacco with the social costs of tobacco, it is found that with the economic development, the social costs caused by tobacco increase year by year, but the economic benefits are slightly greater than the social costs. The difference between the two is also increasing year by year. Conclusion: In the context of tobacco control, we should fully consider the advantages and disadvantages of developing the tobacco industry. Under the excessive intervention of the government, the manifestation of the surge phenomenon is more intense, and the final consequence of overcapacity is more serious than that under the market-oriented mode..

scholarly journals Prevalence of biologic, behavioral and psychosocial determinant of tuberculosis in tuberculosis patients of Semnan city; a five-year cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e24-e24
Author(s):  
Naim Sadat Kia ◽  
Mohammad Nassaji Zavareh ◽  
Elnaz Sarkheil ◽  
Elaheh Ghods
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Household Crowding ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common and lethal infectious diseases. Objectives: Due to the impact of biological, behavioral, socio-economic factors on the incidence of TB and the risks of the disease, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting TB in TB patients in Semnan. Patients and Methods: All patients with confirmed TB, who were referred to primary healthcare centers in Semnan for receiving medication, enrolled in the study (2012 to 2016). Data collected from clinical records and in-person interviews. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first part was demographic data and the other was related to the risk factors for TB. Results: The household crowding index was 1.86 ± 0.88. Most of patients (48.1%) were elderly (≥60 years old), female (59.7%), housewife (48.1%), had a pre-diploma education (63.6%), low-monthly income (62.3%) and married (63.6%). Around13.0% had diabetes. 20.8% drug abuser, 16.9% cigarettes and tobacco smokers, and 1.3% consumed alcoholic beverages. Besides, 40.3% were Afghans and 1.3% had the Pakistani nation. Conclusion: Identifying and controlling the social, geographical and biological factors affecting the incidence and mortality of TB in different regions can help to formulate appropriate strategies for achieving global goals. These factors differ among native and non-native population.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE RURAL POPULATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL SPHERE IN MUNICIPALITIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Z. M. Khasheva ◽  
J. A. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses on direct and indirect factors affecting the development and functioning of the social sphere in rural settlements. The high role and importance of the actions of local governments in meeting the social needs of the population is noted. The author considers the criteria related to the organization of social facilities in municipalities. Analysis of the performance of the population in the municipal areas. The comparison of population size and density in different regions of the Russian Federation is carried out. Changes in the socio-economic situation of the population due to the impact of various factors are evaluated. The statistics of change of number of rural settlements of the Volgograd region are resulted.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC EXPECTATION, SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HOPE ON MIGRATION REQUEST AND ACTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Şerafettin KELEŞ
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the factors affecting the request and action of migration are examined with empirical method within the scope of neoclassical economic theories and behavioral economic thought. A survey of a selected sample was analyzed with structural equation modeling. There was a linear relationship between migration and economic expectation, social capital and hope. It was found that the Economic Expectation Variable had a very strong negative effect on individuals' decision to immigrate and desire to migrate (γ = -0.99; t = -17.87). Hope variable has a very strong negative effect on individuals' migration decision and desire to migrate (γ = -0.96; t = -13.66). The Social Capital Secret Variable has a negatively moderate effect on individuals' decision to immigrate and desire to migrate (γ = -0.48; t = -8.19). It was seen that economic and political conjuncture was effective in the decision of migration of individuals.

scholarly journals A Systematic Comparison of Factors Affecting the Choice of Matrix Language in Three Bilingual Communities

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Carter ◽  
Peredur Davies ◽  
Margaret Deuchar ◽  
María del Carmen Parafita Couto
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bilingual Corpora ◽  
Bilingual Communities ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this paper we compare the code-switching (CS) patterns in three bilingual corpora collected in Wales, Miami and Patagonia, Argentina. Using the Matrix Language Framework to do a clause-based analysis of a sample of data, we consider the impact of structural relationships and extra-linguistic factors on CS patterns. We find that the Matrix Language (ML) is uniform where the language pairs have contrasting word orders, as in Welsh-English (VSO-SVO) and WelshSpanish (VSO-SVO) but diverse where the word order is similar as in Spanish-English (SVO-SVO). We find that the diversity of the ML in Miami is related to the diversity of degrees of proficiency, ethnic identities, and social networks amongst members of that community, while the uniformity of the ML in Wales is related to the uniformity of these factors. This is not so clear in Patagonia, however, where there is little CS produced in conversation. We suggest that the members of the speech community use Spanish or Welsh mostly in a monolingual mode, depending on the interlocutor and the social situation.

Impact of Advertising and Public Relations on Tourism Development in Da Nang, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xuan Tran ◽  
Minh Nguyen ◽  
Ha Kieu Tan Luu ◽  
Ny Ngo ◽  
My Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Structure Equation Modeling ◽  
The Social ◽  
Destination Brand ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

An exploratory study was conducted to determine the impact of advertising and public relations on the visit intention of tourists in Da Nang, Vietnam. In 2015, Trip Advisor and New York Times selected Da Nang, Vietnam as one of the top Asia tourist destinations. This study sought to address the relationship between advertising or public relations and tourists' intention to visit based on the theory of planned behavior. Structure Equation Modeling was conducted to predict the impact of advertising and public relations on the visit intention of tourists in Da Nang. Findings indicate that an increased favorable attitude and control of advertising would increase tourist arrivals. Surprisingly, an increased positive attitude and control of public relations did not significantly affect tourists' intention to visit. Instead, the social norms of public relations were effective in driving the decision to visit but the social norms of advertising were not. The findings have contributed to destination brand through advertising and public relations. Implications are discussed.

Surviving Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Dohrenwend ◽  
Nick Turse ◽  
Thomas J. Yager ◽  
Melanie M. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Impact

Surviving Vietnam: Psychological Consequences of the War for U.S. Veterans presents a unique combination of historical material, military records of combat exposure, clinical diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and interviews with representative samples of veterans surveyed both a little over decade after the war’s conclusion in the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS), and again nearly four decades after the war’s conclusion in the National Vietnam Veterans Longitudinal Study (Longitudinal Study). It focuses specifically on veterans’ war-zone experiences and the development in some of PTSD, a relatively new and controversial diagnosis. The monograph begins with a brief history of the Vietnam war that provides context for the discussions of the relevance to their mental health outcomes of the severity of veterans’ exposure to combat, their personal involvement in harm to civilians and prisoners, their race/ethnicity, and their military assignments. It discusses nurses’ experiences in Vietnam and the psychological impact on families of veterans’ chronic war-related PTSD. The monograph then examines factors affecting surveyed veterans’ post-war readjustment, including the effects of changing public attitudes toward the war and the veterans’ own appraisals of the impact of the war on their lives after the war. It concludes by discussing the policy implications of its research findings.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Policy Measures in Reducing the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of South Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11315
Author(s):  
Dilawar Khan ◽  
Nihal Ahmed ◽  
Bahtiyar Mehmed ◽  
Ihtisham ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is considered to be the world’s most urgent health disaster and the greatest challenge humanity has faced since World War II. One of the most significant concerns is the effectiveness of the extraordinary efforts undertaken around the world to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. This study applied the Westerlund cointegration test and the Pooled Mean Group–Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model to investigate the effectiveness of government policy measures in reducing the COVID-19 pandemic using weekly data for the period 1 January 2020 to 31 May 2021. The results of the Westerlund cointegration test validate the presence of a cointegration relationship between government policy measures and the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, results of PMG-ARDL show that economic support, stringency, and health and containment measures play a significant role in reducing the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study concluded that pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical measures have a substantial impact on mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia. Policy implications such as government financial support for poor families, stringency, and health and containment measures must be adopted during the pandemic to curb/reduce the spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, it is also recommended to provide vaccines free of charge to developing countries and a stimulus package to support health research to expand the capacity for rapid vaccine in this region.

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