Living Conditions and Social Distancing Barriers in India

Social Change ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004908572110120
Author(s):  
Surajit Deb
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Sanitation Facility ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Percentage Share ◽  
Separate Room

The tenth part of the Social Change Indicators series gives an account on the living conditions that work as barriers against social distancing in different states of India: This segment especially focusses on aspects, such as the percentage of households (rural and urban) that own a house, the percentage share of nuclear households (rural and urban), the mean number of persons sleeping per room in households, the percentage of households (rural and urban) in which cooking is done in a separate room, the percentage of households (rural and urban) in which water is not treated prior to drinking, the percentage of households (rural and urban) with an improved non-sharable sanitation facility and the proportion of households living in slums.

scholarly journals Impact of social distancing on the spread of common respiratory viruses during the coronavirus disease outbreak

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252963
Author(s):  
Min-Chul Kim ◽  
Oh Joo Kweon ◽  
Yong Kwan Lim ◽  
Seong-Ho Choi ◽  
Jin-Won Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Pcr Test

During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing was effective in controlling disease spread across South Korea. The impact of national social distancing on the spread of common respiratory virus infections has rarely been investigated. We evaluated the weekly proportion of negative respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results and weekly positive rates of each respiratory virus during the social distancing period (10th–41st weeks of 2020) and the corresponding period in different years, utilizing the national respiratory virus surveillance dataset reported by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The proportions of negative respiratory virus PCR test results increased up to 87.8% and 86.1% during level 3 and level 2 of the social distancing period, respectively. The higher the level of social distancing, the higher the proportion of negative respiratory virus PCR test results. During the social distancing period, the mean weekly positive rates for parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, human coronavirus, and human metapneumovirus were significantly lower than those during the same period in 2015–2019 (0.1% vs. 9.3%, P <0.001; 0.1% vs. 7.2%, P <0.001; 0.4% vs. 2.3%, P <0.001; and 0.2% vs. 5.3%, P <0.001, respectively). The mean positive rate for rhinovirus/enterovirus during level 3 social distancing was lower than that in the same period in 2015–2019 (8.5% vs. 19.0%, P <0.001), but the rate during level 1 social distancing was higher than that in the same period in 2015–2019 (38.3% vs. 19.4%, P <0.001). The national application of social distancing reduced the spread of common respiratory virus infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Poor and the Migrant in India

Social Change ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-588
Author(s):  
Surajit Deb
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inter State

The ninth part of the Social Change Indicators series gives an account of the poor and migrants in different states of India by focussing on the following aspects: Percentage of population belonging to the lowest two wealth quintiles, percentage of households (rural and urban) without any agricultural land, percentage composition of inter-state migration in India by source states, percentage composition of inter-state migration in India by destination states, per cent composition of employment as the reason for migration in inter-state out-migration of source states and the per cent unemployment rate (rural and urban) according to the usual status.

scholarly journals Españoles, mulatos y filipinos en la Real Universidad de México. Debates y disputas por el acceso a las aulas en el siglo xvii

Cliocanarias ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Aguirre Salvador ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Advancement ◽  
University Leaders ◽  
The University

The social change in New Spain was also reflected in the students of the Royal University of Mexico. Although this was originally planned for the Spanish, mainly, in the seventeenth century other groups were present. Mulattoes, Indians and Filipinos demanded major studies and degrees, in the search to improve their living conditions and the social advancement of their families. This aspiration was rejected by intolerant sectors of Spaniards, causing rejections from students and various controversies that the university leaders had to resolve

scholarly journals Modernization and Social Change among Adolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trupti Ambalal Chandalia
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The main purpose of this research was to find out the mean difference between modernization and social change of rural and urban Adolescence. The total 480 sample were taken, out of 480 sample 240 were rural Adolescence & 240 urban adolescence were taken from Rajkot and Junagadh District. The research tool for comprehensive modernization, Prof. S. P. Ahluwalia & Dr. Ashok Kalia comprehensive modernization inventory (1985) was used for social change, Dr. Rama Tiwari, Agra, Miss Romapal and Miss Radha Pandey’s social change inventory used. Here Gujarati Adaption used t-test was applied to check the difference of modernization and social change. Check relation Karl-person ‘r’ method used. Result revels that significant difference in Modernization and social change with respect both rural and urban adolescence. While the co-relation between modernization and social change reveals positive significant difference. that means modernization are more so social change are more.

Relationship of Sense of Coherence to Other Psychosocial Indices

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Holmberg ◽  
Anders Thelin ◽  
Eva-Lena Stiernström
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
The Mean

Summary: The concept of “sense of coherence” (SOC) has been widely recognized since it was first introduced by Antonovsky. The originality and usefulness of the SOC scale and its relation to other psychosocial measures has been the subject of lively debate. The aim of this paper was to test for associations between SOC and work-related psychosocial factors (mainly the Job Demand-Control model), general living conditions, education, and social network factors. Cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 1782 rural males from nine counties in Sweden were analyzed with a multiple regression technique. The subjects were occupationally active at inclusion and the mean age was 50 years (range 40-60). SOC was assessed with the original 29-item questionnaire. Psychosocial variables and lifestyle factors were assessed using questionnaires and structured interviews. The mean SOC among the subjects was 152.3 (standard deviation, 19.4). A strong negative correlation was found between SOC and job demand, whereas a positive correlation with job control was demonstrated. A positive correlation with general living conditions and with social support was also found. However, there was no correlation to education and occupation. Thus, SOC was shown to be strongly correlated to work-related psychosocial factors and social support, but independent of sociodemographic factors.

Ralph Ellison, Temporal Technologist

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Germana
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Ralph Ellison ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Henri Bergson ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Racial History ◽  
The Face

Ralph Ellison, Temporal Technologist examines Ralph Ellison’s body of work as an extended and ever-evolving expression of the author’s philosophy of temporality—a philosophy synthesized from the writings of Henri Bergson and Friedrich Nietzsche that anticipates the work of Gilles Deleuze. Taking the view that time is a multiplicity of dynamic processes, rather than a static container for the events of our lives, and an integral force of becoming, rather than a linear groove in which events take place, Ellison articulates a theory of temporality and social change throughout his corpus that flies in the face of all forms of linear causality and historical determinism. Integral to this theory is Ellison’s observation that the social, cultural, and legal processes constitutive of racial formation are embedded in static temporalities reiterated by historians and sociologists. In other words, Ellison’s critique of US racial history is, at bottom, a matter of time. This book reveals how, in his fiction, criticism, and photography, Ellison reclaims technologies through which static time and linear history are formalized in order to reveal intensities implicit in the present that, if actualized, could help us achieve Nietzsche’s goal of acting un-historically. The result is a wholesale reinterpretation of Ellison’s oeuvre, as well as an extension of Ellison’s ideas about the dynamism of becoming and the open-endedness of the future. It, like Ellison’s texts, affirms the chaos of possibility lurking beneath the patterns of living we mistake for enduring certainties.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Whyman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Literate Society

The introduction shows the convergence and intertwining of the Industrial Revolution and the provincial Enlightenment. At the centre of this industrial universe lay Birmingham; and at its centre was Hutton. England’s second city is described in the mid-eighteenth century, and Hutton is used as a lens to explore the book’s themes: the importance of a literate society shared by non-elites; the social category of ‘rough diamonds’; how individuals responded to economic change; political participation in industrial towns; shifts in the modes of authorship; and an analysis of social change. The strategy of using microhistory, biography, and the history of the book is discussed, and exciting new sources are introduced. The discovery that self-education allowed unschooled people to participate in literate society renders visible people who were assumed to be illiterate. This suggests that eighteenth-century literacy was greater than statistics based on formal schooling indicate.

scholarly journals Tourist Route Optimization in the Context of Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5492
Author(s):  
Cristina Maria Păcurar ◽  
Ruxandra-Gabriela Albu ◽  
Victor Dan Păcurar
Keyword(s):  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Travelling Salesman ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Immediate Response

The paper presents an innovative method for tourist route planning inside a destination. The necessity of reorganizing the tourist routes within a destination comes as an immediate response to the Covid-19 crisis. The implementation of the method inside tourist destinations can bring an important advantage in transforming a destination into a safer one in times of Covid-19 and post-Covid-19. The existing trend of shortening the tourist stay length has been accelerated while the epidemic became a pandemic. Moreover, the wariness for future pandemics has brought into spotlight the issue of overcrowded attractions inside a destination at certain moments. The method presented in this paper proposes a backtracking algorithm, more precisely an adaptation of the travelling salesman problem. The method presented is aimed to facilitate the navigation inside a destination and to revive certain less-visited sightseeing spots inside a destination while facilitating conformation with the social distancing measures imposed for Covid-19 control.

scholarly journals Buyer Inspired Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Debnath ◽  
Wasim Arif ◽  
Srimanta Baishya
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Heuristic Optimization ◽  
Product Choice ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
The Mean

AbstractNature inspired swarm based meta-heuristic optimization technique is getting considerable attention and established to be very competitive with evolution based and physical based algorithms. This paper proposes a novel Buyer Inspired Meta-heuristic optimization Algorithm (BIMA) inspired form the social behaviour of human being in searching and bargaining for products. In BIMA, exploration and exploitation are achieved through shop to shop hoping and bargaining for products to be purchased based on cost, quality of the product, choice and distance to the shop. Comprehensive simulations are performed on 23 standard mathematical and CEC2017 benchmark functions and 3 engineering problems. An exhaustive comparative analysis with other algorithms is done by performing 30 independent runs and comparing the mean, standard deviation as well as by performing statistical test. The results showed significant improvement in terms of optimum value, convergence speed, and is also statistically more significant in comparison to most of the reported popular algorithms.

scholarly journals Perception and Preference for Home-Based Telework in the COVID-19 Era: A Gender-Based Analysis in Hanoi, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3179
Author(s):  
Minh Hieu Nguyen ◽  
Jimmy Armoogum
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Using Data

The rapid and widespread of COVID-19 has caused severe multifaceted effects on society but differently in women and men, thereby preventing the achievement of gender equality (the 5th sustainable development goal of the United Nations). This study, using data of 355 teleworkers collected in Hanoi (Vietnam) during the first social distancing period, aims at exploring how (dis)similar factors associated with the perception and the preference for more home-based telework (HBT) for male teleworkers versus female peers are. The findings show that 56% of female teleworkers compared to 45% of male counterparts had a positive perception of HBT within the social distancing period and 63% of women desired to telework more in comparison with 39% of men post-COVID-19. Work-related factors were associated with the male perception while family-related factors influenced the female perception. There is a difference in the effects of the same variables (age and children in the household) on the perception and the preference for HBT for females. For women, HBT would be considered a solution post-COVID-19 to solve the burden existing pre-COVID-19 and increasing in COVID-19. Considering gender inequality is necessary for the government and authorities to lessen the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the lives of citizens, especially female ones, in developing countries.

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