Un-silencing an Experimental Technique: Listening to the Electrical Penetration Graph

2021 ◽  
pp. 016224392110235
Author(s):  
Owen Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Post Hoc

In scientific work, sonification (i.e., the use of nonspeech audio to convey information) is primarily thought of as a novel way to communicate post hoc research findings to lay audiences but only rarely, if ever, as a component of the research itself. This article argues that, rather than any inherent epistemological limitations of sound as a medium of scientific reasoning, this framing reflects a sociohistorical tendency to “silence” experimental techniques as they become widely adopted—both in terms of the literal silencing of noisy instrumentation and the elision of the role of sound (along with other nonvisual sensory media) in received discovery accounts. This tendency is well-illustrated by the history of electrophysiology research, particularly the case of the electrical penetration graph (EPG), an instrument used by entomologists to study how insects feed on plants. Combining participant observation, interviews, and analysis of EPG technical literature, this article recovers the unacknowledged role of sound in EPG’s exploratory stages and gradual emergence as a standard laboratory technique as well as its gradual silencing as a consequence of this standardizing process.

“Experience Isn’t Everything”: How Emotion Affects the Relationship Between Experience and Cue Utilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Frances Crane ◽  
Sue Brouwers ◽  
Mark William Wiggins ◽  
Thomas Loveday ◽  
Kirsty Forrest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Negative Arousal ◽  
Range Anxiety ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This research examined whether negative and positive arousal emotions modify the relationship between experience level and cue utilization among anesthetists. Background: The capacity of a practitioner to form precise associations between clusters of features (e.g., symptoms) and events (e.g., diagnosis) and then act on them is known as cue utilization. A common assumption is that practice experience allows opportunities for cue acquisition and cue utilization. However, this relationship is often not borne out in research findings. This study investigates the role of emotional state in this relationship. Method: An online tool (EXPERTise 2.0) was used to assess practitioner cue utilization for tasks relevant to anesthesia. The experience of positive and negative arousal emotions in the previous three days was measured, and emotion clusters were generated. Experience was measured as the composite of practice years and hours of practice experience. The moderating role of emotion on the relationship between experience and cue utilization was examined. Results: Data on 125 anesthetists (36% female) were included in the analysis. The predicted interaction between arousal emotions and the experience level emerged. In particular, post hoc analyses revealed that anxiety-related emotions facilitated the likelihood of high cue utilization in less experienced practitioners. Conclusion: The findings suggest a role for emotions in cue use and suggest a functional role for normal range anxiety emotions in a simulated work-relevant task. Application: This research illustrates the importance of understanding the potentially functional effects common negative arousal emotions may have on clinical performance, particularly for those with less experience.

Generative pedagogies from and for the social production of habitat: Learning from HIC-AL School of grassroots urbanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wesely ◽  
Adriana Allen ◽  
Lorena Zárate ◽  
María Silvia Emanuelli
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Popular Education ◽  
Global South ◽  
Generative Learning ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depth Interviews

Re-thinking dominant epistemological assumptions of the urban in the global South implies recognising the role of grassroots networks in challenging epistemic injustices through the co-production of multiple saberes and haceres for more just and inclusive cities. This paper examines the pedagogies of such networks by focusing on the experiences nurtured within Habitat International Coalition in Latin America (HIC-AL), identified as a ‘School of Grassroots Urbanism’ (Escuela de Urbanismo Popular). Although HIC-AL follows foremost activist rather than educational objectives, members of HIC-AL identify and value their practices as a ‘School’, whose diverse pedagogic logics and epistemological arguments are examined in this paper. The analysis builds upon a series of in-depth interviews, document reviews and participant observation with HIC-AL member organisations and allied grassroots networks. The discussion explores how the values and principles emanating from a long history of popular education and popular urbanism in the region are articulated through situated pedagogies of resistance and transformation, which in turn enable generative learning from and for the social production of habitat.

THE HISTORY OF THE "TURKESTAN COLLECTION" AND THE ROLE OF VLADIMIR IZMAYLOVICH MEZHOV IN ITS STRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Farhod U. Rayimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Foundation Stone

This article focuses on the history of the Turkestan Collection and the work of Vladimir Izmailovich Mejov, who laid the foundation stone for its creation. The article also elaborates on Mejov’s origins, how he formed the collection, the government’s attitude to him, and the reasons whyhe didn’t make it. At the same time, it is explained in detail why the "Turkistan Collection" created by Mejov stopped, and who formed the last parts of the collection. It was concluded that the "Turkestan Collection", created as a result of Medjov's scientific work, contains valuable information not only about the history, culture and traditions of Central Asia, but also about neighboring countries.Index Terms: Turkestan Collection, Meyjov, Central Asia, Governor-General of Turkestan, Kaufman, Rosenbach

scholarly journals The Portuguese Maritime Voyages of Discovery: the exploration of the history of a city with an App as an educational resource

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Faria ◽  
Elsa Guilherme ◽  
Joaquim Pintassilgo ◽  
Maria João Mogarro ◽  
Ana Sofia Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
School Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

In this paper we present an evaluation of an App for mobile devices, ‘Roteiro dos Descobrimentos’, as an educational digital resource for primary school students. The study involved the participation of 131 students and eight teachers. Data were collected from participant observation, students’ questionnaires and interviews to students and teachers. According to students, they learned new things, related with the topics explored, in an easy and funny way. Students also emphasized as positive aspects the fact that they had to face different challenges and the need to mobilize their knowledge to solve them. Teachers referred that students showed great interest and enthusiasm during the activities. As main gains, teachers stressed that the application fosters the relationship of students with the city, facilitates collaboration, and promotes students’ autonomy. In resume, it seems that the playful and interactive dimension of the App promoted the development of important skills such as the ability to interact with the environment, collaborative work, autonomy, and reading and interpretation skills. As a conclusion, there is a great receptivity to integrate mobile technologies in the teaching and learning process, but the role of the teacher can’t be dismissed, as a mediator and educator.

scholarly journals Olga Dmitrievna Golubeva: to the 100th anniversary of her birth

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Galina V. Mikheeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biographical Sketches ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
The Creation

In 2021 we mark the 100th anniversary of the birth of O. D. Golubeva, a bibliologist, Doctor of Philology, whose entire working life relates to M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library. For 35 years she was the deputy director of the library for scientific work. The article recreates the biographical sketch of the scientist, reveals the significance for Russian literary criticism of her research on the publishing activities of M. Gorky and several publishing houses of the early twentieth century. Special attention is paid to the role of O. D. Golubeva in the creation of a whole series of works devoted to the history of the Library, including biographical sketches of the figures of the Imperial Public Library. The role of the scientist in the creation of the school of historical biography in the National Library of Russia is determined.

Voronezh experimental station for perennial herbs — 100 years: the main results and prospects of work

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kosolapov ◽  
Sergey Saprykin ◽  
Iosif Ivanov ◽  
Anna Chekmareva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
History Of ◽  
Perennial Herbs

In 2020, the Voronezh experimental station for perennial grasses will celebrate its 100th anniversary. The article presents the history of the station's creation, its achievements, and shows the role of well-known agricultural scientists who took part in the establishment of the station and the organization of scientific work. The stages and directions of scientific research in different periods are highlighted.

scholarly journals Learning to Reflect in Online Fantasy Role-Playing Games

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-162
Author(s):  
Tunç D. Medeni ◽  
Kazunori Miyata ◽  
Mustafa Sağsan
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Reflective Learning ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Role Playing Games ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Interviewing Techniques ◽  
Gaming Communities

The online role-playing games and their virtual communities, which are free and run by volunteers, attract much attention from business and academics, although studies on smaller gaming communities are still limited. One of these small online fantasy roleplaying communities, the world of Wold, is researched, using participant observation and Internet interviewing techniques within an e-research framework. After providing background information about the research, the paper then presents the conceptual framework, which consists of three main parts: (1) use of asynchronous communication tools for learning and reflection, (2) conceptualization of reflection, and (3) role of roleplaying and storytelling in reflection and learning. In the light of this framework, research findings about the learning and reflection that occurs at (1) intrapersonal, (2) personal and (3) interpersonal levels in online role-playing games will be discussed. The paper will then be concluded by research implications and limitations. It is hoped that, relating to learning in terms of developing sustainable virtual communities for reflective learning, this research will provide insights into the function of multiplayer games for serious purposes like learning and socialization, as well as the role of hard technology for soft purposes like reflective learning and practice.

scholarly journals MENJADI MUSLIM MINORITAS DAN POLA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB BERBASIS PESANTREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Bukhori
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
National Education ◽  
National Education System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Teaching Learning

Abstrak Pesantren memiliki sejarah panjang dalam pengembangan sistem pendidikan nasional di Indonesia. Ini inisiatif diperluas melalui Indonesia, termasuk ke daerah minoritas muslim. Karena itu, makalah ini akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana pesantren terlibat dalam aktivitas mereka dalam mengajar dan belajar bahasa asing. Bahasa asing tersebut adalah Arab dan Inggris. Studi ini hanya akan fokus pada bahasa Arab sebagai sumber utama pemahaman Islam. Penelitian dilakukan di Pesantren Ummi Kalsum, Kabupaten Gunung Sitoli-Nias, Indonesia. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan selama siklus belajar. Wawancara mendalam dan observasi non-partisipan dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dari Februari hingga Mei. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pesantren melestarikan proses belajar mengajar tradisional Arab. Mereka masih melakukan badongan (individu) dan sorogan (klasik). Selain melakukan ini, mereka melanjutkan strategi dan metode lain untuk meningkatkan keterampilan bahasa siswa. Ada tujuh belas latihan itu pesantren dilakukan. Program-program tersebut terhubung melalui 24 jam antrian lingkungan hidup. Akhirnya, teknik dan kegiatan diterapkan untuk memperluas prestasi bahasa siswa.   Kata Kunci: pesantren, pengajaran, belajar, Muslim, sekolah. Abstract Pesantren has a long history of developing the national education system in Indonesia. This initiative was expanded through Indonesia, including to Muslim minority areas. Therefore, this paper will explore how pesantren are involved in their activities in teaching and learning foreign languages. The foreign languages ​​are Arabic and English. This study will only focus on Arabic as the primary source of understanding of Islam. The study was conducted at the Islamic Boarding School Ummi Kalsum, Gunung Sitoli District, Nias, Indonesia. A qualitative approach is used during the learning cycle. In-depth interviews and non-participant observation were conducted to collect data. Data collection is held from February to May. Research findings indicate that pesantren preserve the traditional Arabic teaching and learning process. They still do badongan (individual) and sorogan (classic). In addition to doing this, they continue other strategies and methods to improve students' language skills. Seventeen pesantren exercises were carried out. These programs are connected through 24-hour environmental queues. Finally, techniques and activities are applied to broaden students' language achievement. Keywords: pesantren, teaching, learning, Muslims, schools.

scholarly journals Works of fiction within social realism: experience of «double» life and «double» speech. Review of T. Sharova’s monograph «An author and text in social realism system: the nature of aesthetic conformism and the poetics of artistic compromise (based on the material of K. Gordienko’s works)» (Melitopol, 2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 96-98
Author(s):  
Svitlana Zhurba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Adaptation Practices ◽  
First Time ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The critical research is aimed to review T. Sharova’s monograph «An author and text in social realism system: the nature of aesthetic conformism and the poetics of artistic compromise (based on the material of K. Gordienko’s works)». The attention is paid to the relevance of the book, defined in three aspects. First, the researcher shows one of the possible solutions to the important issue of aesthetic conformism and the poetics of compromise, due to socio-political and historical reasons. Secondly, a successful attempt to explore semantic inversions in the structure of «the patriarch of Ukrainian prose» K. Gordienko’s fiction text, whose work reflects the stages of artistic reorientation and the ways of «reconciliation» with reality, has been made. Third, an interesting approach to substantiation and testing of new mechanisms for the analysis of Soviet discursive practices based on a specific fiction material has been demonstrated. It is proved that sense and value of T. Sharova’s work is that the author focuses not only on historical and fiction issues, but also presents for the first time a number of theoretical issues, such as general markers of the socialist paradigm, «language of cooperation», political regulation of aesthetic norms, etc. Moreover, within the monograph, this aspect is considered both at the level of writer’s individual creative reactions and at the level of fiction writing strategies. The author of the scientific work has characterized the integral components of Ukrainian social realism and generalized the technology of formation and representation in the aesthetic conformism literature. It has been emphasized that the work of K. Gordienko, firstly, illustrates clearly the role of the artist in totalitarian conditions; secondly, it reflects the tragic result of balancing the ethical and aesthetic principles with the imposed Soviet «from above» style; thirdly, it reveals the adaptation practices of the author-creator, sheds light on the logic of both forced and voluntary conformism. In conclusion, T. Sharova’s monograph from a theoretical standpoint as well as historical and literary points of view makes a significant contribution to the study of the history of the twentieth century’s Ukrainian literature. In particular, a complex and ambiguous layer of social realistic literature has been studied.

scholarly journals The pre-history of quantum computation

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Quantum Computation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Ideas

The main ideas behind developments in the theory and technology of quantum computation were formulated in the late 1970s and early 1980s by two physicists in the West and a mathematician in the former Soviet Union. It is not generally known in the West that the subject has roots in the Russian technical literature. The idea, as propagated by Benioff and (especially) Feynman, is reviewed along with the proposition of a foundation for this kind of computation by Manin in the Russian literature. The author hopes to present as impartial a synthesis as possible of the early history of thought on this subject. The role of reversible and irreversible computational processes will be examined briefly as it relates to the origins of quantum computing and the so-called Information Paradox in physics. Information theory and physics, as this paradox shows, have much to communicate to each other.

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