scholarly journals Developmental trend towards exact imitation in the second year of life

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Gabriella Óturai ◽  
Thorsten Kolling ◽  
Monika Knopf
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deferred Imitation ◽  
Target Action ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Difference

Findings from previous cross-sectional studies showed that while toddlers around their first birthday imitate selectively, that is, they systematically omit some kinds of target action steps or they copy only the goal, but not the means of the modeled actions, older toddlers imitate more exactly. The aim of the present article is to provide longitudinal evidence for this developmental trend and to investigate how imitation of different kinds of target action steps contributes to inter-individual differences in overall imitation performance. The present analysis of longitudinal deferred imitation data contrasted toddlers’ imitation of functional and relevant (FURE) versus arbitrary and irrelevant (ARIR) target action steps at the ages of 18 and 24 months. The results show that the difference between the imitation rates of these two kinds of target action steps decreased with age, supporting the developmental trend from selective towards more exact imitation. In addition, findings of the present analyses point to the prominent role of toddlers’ imitation of arbitrary and irrelevant target action steps in shaping inter-individual variability of overall deferred imitation performance.

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness of precision medicine among dental students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 642-647
Author(s):  
Bipin M ◽  
Jeevitha M ◽  
Kavitha S
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population

Precision medicine is an emerging approach for the treatment of diseases and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment and lifestyle of a person. Although the term precision medicine is relatively new, the concept has been a part of healthcare for many years. This study focuses especially to evaluate the knowledge on characteristics of precision medicine among dental students. The aim of this study is to analyse the knowledge and awareness of Precision medicine among dental students. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among dental students through a self-administrated questionnaire. The responses had been collected and statistically analysed. 61% of the study population were aware of Precision medicine and surprisingly, 82% of the respondents came across this term precision medicine. This study concludes that the dental students were aware of the term precision medicine, but they were not well aware of the role of precision medicine in the medical field.

A dyadic model of investments: Partner effects on commitment

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3471-3491
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Coy ◽  
Jody L. Davis ◽  
Jeffrey D. Green ◽  
Paul E. Etcheverry
Keyword(s):  
Investment Model ◽  
Relationship Dynamics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Relationship Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dyadic Model

A dyadic approach to studying relationship dynamics yields considerably more insights than examining each partner separately. Yet relatively little research has examined dyadic models of commitment, despite commitment being essential to relationship persistence. Accordingly, we tested a dyadic version of the investment model of commitment. In two cross-sectional studies of couples and one experiment, we tested the role of partner investments and perceived partner investments as novel antecedents of commitment. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that greater partner investments were related to greater levels of individuals’ commitment, while controlling for individuals’ own satisfaction with, investments in, and alternatives to the relationship. Study 3 revealed that partner-reported investments predicted commitment independent of perceived partner investments. The findings advance the investment model beyond the individual level, emphasizing the need to examine dyadic elements of relationships.

scholarly journals Impact of the “Stoptober” Smoking Cessation Campaign in England From 2012 to 2017: A Quasiexperimental Repeat Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1453-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirte A G Kuipers ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Emma V Beard ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Abstract Introduction Since 2012, England has an annual “Stoptober” campaign for collective smoking cessation. Our aim was to assess (1) overall impact of the Stoptober campaign on quit attempts over its first 6 years, (2) consistency of impact over the campaign years, and (3) the role of the campaign budget. Methods We used data of 51 399 adult smokers and ex-smokers in 132 repeat cross-sectional monthly surveys in England, 2007–2017. In a quasiexperimental design, adjusted logistic regression analyses compared past-month quit attempt rate between (1) October and other months in the year, between 2007–2011 and 2012–2017; (2) October and other months, across years 2012–2017; and (3) October and other months, between high-budget (2012–2015) and low-budget Stoptober campaigns (2016–2017). Bayes factors (BF) differentiated insensitive data and absence of an effect. Results (1) In 2012–2017, quit attempts were more prevalent in October versus other months (odds ratio [OR]: 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00 to 1.53), whereas similar in 2007–2011 (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.76 to 1.18; BF = 0.2); data were somewhat insensitive but supported this difference (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.75; BF = 2.1). (2) In 2012–2017, quit attempt prevalence ranged from 3.1% to 8.5% in October and 5.0% to 7.3% in other months. The difference between October and other months was large in 2012 (absolute unadjusted difference of 3.3%; OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.98) and 2015 (3.1%; OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.95), but small in 2013–2014 and 2016–2017 (0.36 < BF < 1.02). (3) Data were somewhat insensitive but supported interaction with campaign budget (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.92 to 2.44; BF = 2.2). Discussion In 2012–2017, there appears to have been an increase in past-month quit attempts during October in England. The increase was inconsistent across Stoptober campaigns and appears to have been greater when the campaign budget was higher. Implications Over the first 6 years of Stoptober campaigns, there appears to have been an overall increase in past-month quit attempts during October in England, and the data imply that a sufficiently high budget contributes to greater impact of the Stoptober campaign. These findings encourage the further spread of the Stoptober campaign to other countries. Future research should clarify how increased quit attempts as a consequence of Stoptober translate into quit success and which of Stoptober’s ingredients were most important in increasing quit attempts, especially among vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals PBL session conducted for second year undergraduate students of medicine and dentistry at Universal College of Medical Sciences Nepal: Perception of the participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
PiryaniRano Mal ◽  
Piryani Suneel ◽  
Gautam Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Strongly Agree

Background and Objectives: Problem-based-learning (PBL) is generally recognized as a student centered instructional approach. Universal College of Medical Sciences Nepal introduced PBL to second year MBBS and BDS students in July 2019.This study assessed the perceptions of students of second year MBBS and BDS who participated in PBL session. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study assessing perceptions of the participant students. The validated questionnaire was used for the collection of data at the end of PBL session. The questionnaire comprised of two parts; Part I- Students’ perceptions and attitude towards PBL (9 statements) and Part II Students’ perceptions about the role of tutor in PBL(11 statements).Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The frequency, mean and standard deviation were computed and t test was used for the comparison of responses on statements of MBBS and BDS groups. Results: The mean scores on7 out of 9 statements on students’ perceptions and attitude towards PBL was higher than fourat Likert scale 1-5 (5=strongly agree, 4=agree, 3=to some extent agree, 2=disagree, 1=strongly disagree) and on 2 statements was higher than 3.5. The mean scores on all the statements with regard to students’ perception about the role of tutor in PBL were higher than four. The mean scores of both MBBS and BDS groups of students on all statements were compared; the significant differences were obtained only on 2 statements out of 20. Conclusion: The perceptions and attitude of students towards PBL and perceptions about the role of tutor were positive.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of knowledge, practice and attitude of medical professionals regarding pharmacovigilance function

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1752
Author(s):  
Kiran Rajendra Giri ◽  
Kamlesh Manohar Palandurkar ◽  
Reena Rajendra Giri
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Signal Generation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prior Consent ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come

Background: Pharmacovigilance is of core importance for the prevention of adverse effect by signal generation. It developed as a science and Practice. Central database collecting international reports helpful in generating signals, improving safety profile, prevention of future adverse effects, thus provide a key data to national drug regulatory to make regulation. It is not only a science but act as a law and regulation. Underreporting of ADRs by healthcare professionals remains a major problem. Clinician’s collaboration is needed to come up with the challenges of underreporting. Spontaneous reporting plays a cardinal role in Pharmacovigilance practice.Methods: Cross Sectional, questioner-based study, 56- postgraduates, 42- first year,60- Second year, 35- Third year students of Institute of Medical Sciences were included with prior consent and Ethical committee permission. Structured pre-test questioner on, Knowledge-10, Attitude-02, Practice-06 were asked. Seminar was conducted on the ‘Pharmacovigilance in India: current Scenario, Study material were distributed to students. Prior to seminar and one week after conduction of seminar again the questioner was distributed again, and the same study was conducted, the difference in the response and attitude after transformation of knowledge were recorded.Results: After transformation of knowledge 77% JR responded that ADR and medication both should be reported which was earlier only 31%. 80% JR replied that ADR should be reported as early as possible which was earlier 38%. It indicates that transformation of knowledge is a pillar to bring the change in practise. 100% second year students responded that they have seen ADR reporting form which was only 30% before seminar.Conclusions: Up gradation of Knowledge by seminar, research papers, awareness pamphlets, Apps will promote the reporting and will strengthen the signal generation systems.

scholarly journals Health status of adolescent school going children with special reference to waist hip ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Halak J. Vasavada ◽  
Snehal V. Patel ◽  
Purvi R. Patel ◽  
Heli S. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Private School ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Municipal Schools ◽  
The Difference

Background: A school is a key location for educating adolescents about health, hygiene and nutrition. Adolescence is period of critical development and transition. These changes have important implications for health. Aims and objectives of the stud was to study the role of WHR in nutritional assessment in adolescent school children and compare it with BMI as an assessment tool and to study nutritional status of municipal and private school.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in 10-17-year-old school children in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. There were 2 private and 2 municipal schools selected randomly by purposive sampling. Child absent or not well on the day of study were excluded.Results: Incidence of obesity is 42.9% and 57.1% in municipal and private school respectively. Incidence of overweight is 47.2% and 52.8% in municipal and private schools respectively. (2.9%) adolescents had BMI range of 25-29.9 which is considered to be overweight. However, the percentage of overweight and obese was raised at 28% and 23.5% respectively when classified as per WHR.Conclusions: The difference between incidence of overweight and obesity in private and municipal schools were not statistically significant. A combination of increase BMI with increase WHR is a stronger indicator of increase health risk.

scholarly journals Linking Stressful Experiences and Psychological Problems: The Role of Self-Esteem

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 914-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth L. de Moor ◽  
Roos Hutteman ◽  
Kees Korrelboom ◽  
Odilia M. Laceulle
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stressful Experiences ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Moderating Role

Stressful experiences have repeatedly been related to psychological problems. The current study extends previous work on stress and psychological problems by examining the link between stressful experiences and both internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems. Additionally, individual differences are investigated by testing the moderating role of self-esteem. Questionnaire data of 750 adolescents aged 12–18 were collected and analyzed using multiple regression analyses. Analyses were controlled for sex and socioeconomic status. Results indicated that adolescents who report more stressful experiences are more likely to experience both INT and EXT problems, and these relationships were stronger for adolescents with low self-esteem. Post hoc analyses (e.g., different thresholds for determining stressful experiences) support the robustness of our findings. The findings on self-esteem emphasize the importance of taking individual differences into account in the relation between stressful experiences and psychological problems. The results can be seen as a next step in cross-sectional research.

The relationship between productivity and some components of canopy structure in ryegrass (Lolium spp.): IV. Canopy characters and their relationship with sward yields in some intra population selections

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYStudies were carried out to measure the productivity of selections for extreme expression of the various components of canopy structure from within six Lolium populations of contrasting morphology.Considerable variation existed for all canopy characters within each base population and this was reflected in the difference between the high and low selections.In the first harvest year productivity was closely positively correlated with leaf length. Although some significant differences in yield occurred between selections for other characters, no general pattern was evident as with leaf length. Within the base populations differences in yield occurred between selections of similar leaf length, emphasizing the role of other physiological factors in controlling yield.In general, dry-matter production was greater in the first harvest year than in the second harvest year. In the second year the long-leaved selections from L. multiflorum and L. multiflorum × L. perenne continued to produce greater yields than their respective short-leaved selections and base populations, but no such differences were evident in L. perenne S. 23 and S. 23 × Ba 6280. Whilst long-leaved selections from the former group were as persistent, or even more persistent than their base populations, the long-leaved selections from L. perenne S. 23 and S. 23 × Ba 6280 showed a lower persistency. Similarly, whilst erect tiller selections from L. multiflorum and L. multiflorum × L. perenne were as or more persistent than their base populations, the three L. perenne erect tiller selections exhibited reduced persistency.The plant breeding implications of these results are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document