scholarly journals Comparison of Tracheal vs Nasopharyngeal Secretions for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing in Patients With Tracheostomy

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982098070
Author(s):  
Anya Costeloe ◽  
Mohammad-Nadim Samad ◽  
Seilesh Babu ◽  
Christopher Metz
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Academic Hospitals ◽  
Viral Testing ◽  
Experimental Group

This study compares nasopharyngeal and tracheal samples for COVID-19 viral testing in patients with a tracheostomy. This was a prospective cohort study done at 2 academic hospitals between March and June 2020. Patients admitted through the emergency department who had a COVID-19 test and an existing tracheostomy or underwent a tracheostomy during the admission period were included. Patients with a positive initial nasopharyngeal swab were placed in the experimental group (n = 8), while those with a negative swab were the control group (n = 7). Nasopharyngeal and tracheal samples underwent COVID-19 testing using the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 RNA assay. Fourteen patients underwent tracheostomy, and 1 had an existing tracheostomy. The average duration of viral shedding in nasopharyngeal samples was 20.9 days. One patient (6.7%) tested positive in tracheal secretions after a negative nasopharyngeal swab. In the remaining patients (93.3%), the nasopharyngeal and tracheal specimens correlated.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for Acute Low Back Pain in Emergency Department: A Pilot Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Ting Liu ◽  
Chih-Wen Chiu ◽  
Chin-Fu Chang ◽  
Tsung-Chieh Lee ◽  
Chia-Yun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Acute Low Back Pain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common complaints in the emergency department (ED). There are several research articles providing evidence for acupuncture for treating chronic LBP but few about treating acute LBP. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of acute LBP in the ED.Materials and methods. A clinical pilot cohort study was conducted. 60 participants, recruited in the ED, were divided into experimental and control groups with 1 dropout during the study. Life-threatening conditions or severe neurological defects were excluded. The experimental group (n=45) received a series of fixed points of acupuncture. The control group (n=14) received sham acupuncture by pasting seed-patches near acupoints. Back pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) at three time points: baseline and immediately after and 3 days after intervention as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were heart rate variability (HRV) and adverse events.Results. The VAS demonstrated a significant decrease (Pvalue <0.001) for the experimental group after 15 minutes of acupuncture. The variation in HRV showed no significant difference in either group. No adverse event was reported.Conclusion. Acupuncture might provide immediate effect in reducing the pain of acute LBP safely.

EFFECT OF PVMC DEADWOOD AND OF PVMC LACTATION ON THE COW REPRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
О.В. ЛАТЫШЕВА ◽  
А.В. ИВАНОВ
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Experimental Group

Изучено влияние на репродуктивную функцию коров белково-витаминно-минеральных концентратов (БВМК) с кормовой добавкой «AMG-COMPLEX», состоящей из эфирных масел и растительных экстрактов. Для проведения опыта были сформированы контрольная и опытная группы по 70 голов с учетом количества дней до отела из коров второй и третьей стельности. Животным контрольной группы скармливали основной рацион. Для коров опытной группы были составлены рационы с БВМК, которыми заменяли пропорциональное количество концентрированных кормов и часть витаминно-минерального премикса. Они получали БВМК для сухостойных коров в количестве 300 г на 1 голову в сутки с 60-го по 20-й день до отела и по 200 г на 1 голову в сутки с 20-го дня до отела. После отела 60 дней им скармливали БВМК для раздоя в количестве 1200 г на 1 голову в сутки. Использование БВМК в рационах коров опытной группы способствовало улучшению у них репродуктивной функции и снижению частоты гинекологических заболеваний после отела в 4,5 раза. Индекс осеменения в опытной группе составил 1,73 (P≤0,05), что на 0,76 ниже, чем у животных контрольной группы. Средняя продолжительность сервис-периода в опытной группе составила 87,71 дня (P≤0,01) и была короче, чем в контроле, на 14,72 дня. The effect on the reproductive function of cows of the protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate with the feed additive ʺAMG-COMPLEXʺ, consisting of essential oils and plant extracts, was studied. To experiment, taking into account the number of days before calving, control and experimental group of 70 heads each were formed from cows of the second and third pregnancy. In the scientific and economic experiment, the cows of the control group consumed the feed of the main rations. For the cows of the experimental group rations were made with PVMC, which replaced the proportional amount of concentrated feed and a part of the vitamin-mineral premix. They received PVMC deadwood in the amount of 300 g per 1 head per day from 60th to 20th day before calving and 200 g per 1 head per day 20 days before calving. 60 days after calving they received PVMC lactation in the amount of 1200 g per head per day. Feeding PVMC to cows of the experimental group contributed to the improvement of reproductive function and a decrease in the frequency of gynaecological diseases after calving by 4.5 times. The insemination index in the experimental group was 1.73 (P≤0.05), which is 0.76 lower than in the animals in the control group. The average duration of the service period in the experimental group was 87.71 days (P≤0.01) and was shorter than in the control by 14.72 days.

scholarly journals Експериментальне зараження поросят вірусом епідемічної діареї свиней

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
D. Masiuk ◽  
A. Sosnitskiy ◽  
A. Kokarev ◽  
S. Koliada
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

There were infected neonatal piglets in the first days of their lives PED virus suspension derived from pigs previously PED patients. Diagnosis for PED in piglets donor virus PED was inserted complex method for clinical and epizootic performance and confirmed the identification PEDV by PCR-RT using the test system «EZ-RED/TGE/PDCoV MPX 1.0 Real time RT-PCR» company Tetracore (USA) Thermocyclers CFX 96 Real-Time System company BIO RAD (USA). Homogenate small intestine of pigs PEDV donor, prepared in a blender for PCR in a thick band of 18 animal carcasses, frozen at -18 °C without cryopreservation and kept 359 days. Before infecting pigs and strip defrost by RT-PCR identified the concentration of the virus genome equivalents (GE) without establishing viable virions quantitative pathogen. For Sample 20 selected analog neonatal piglets, divided them into 3 experimental groups (group 1 – 5 piglets, group 2 – 5 piglets and group 3 – 7 piglets) and one control (3 piglets). Research pigs infected per os virus-containing suspension with a concentration PEDV 1.03×106 GE/cm3. The dose for infection first group was 6 cm3 (6.18×106 GE/cm3), for the second – 5 cm3 (5,15 × 106 GE/cm3), for the third – 4 cm3 (4.12 GE×106/cm3) homogenate. The fourth group – control (not infected). All the pigs were in identical conditions that fully meet the physiological needs of the body. Of the 17 infected pigs only 2 was infected PEDV. PED was confirmed by laboratory methods. In bacteriological examination of internal organs of pigs that came out of a research experiment and control group were diagnosed colibacteriosis. In the control group was isolated from heart and intestinal non-pathogenic for white mice E. coli. From pigs 1 and 2 research groups has been allocated to white mice nonpathogenic E. coli, is set colibacteriosis; 2 experimental group found in one pig hemolytic E. coli; 3 experimental group from the internal organs of pigs in conjunction with non-pathogenic for mice intestinal former cane isolated Klesiella spp., is diagnosed with mixed infection (E. coli, Klesiella spp.). From the intestine of experimental and control pigs do not identified beneficial microflora – aerococcus, lactobacteria, bifidobacteria and cultured putrefactive anaerobic spore facultative and non spore microflora.

scholarly journals The Application and Practice of Humanistic Care in the Emergency Department

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Yuehuan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emergency Nursing ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction Degree ◽  
Emergency Department Patients ◽  
Experimental Group

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To study the application of humanized nursing in the emergency room, hence seek more suitable care model for emergency nursing. <strong>Methods:</strong> By reviewing the 521 patients visited to the hospital emergency department in April 2013 to May 2014, the patients were divided into control group and experimental group in accordance with the principle of voluntary and the principle of random. The control group has a total of 260 patients with normal nursing model. The experimental group has a total of 261 patients with the humanized nursing mode. Patients satisfaction degree was investigated after the nursing care. <strong>Results:</strong> The satisfaction questionnaire Results show that the satisfaction degree of experimental group patients was significantly higher than the control group patients (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Humanistic nursing can effectively improve the emergency department patients satisfaction degree, help to improve the quality of service, and has value for clinical promotion.</p>

scholarly journals NASOPHARYNGEAL SPECIMEN COLLECTION FROM SUSPECTED COVID-19 CASES, MAKING THE PROCEDURE SAFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S432-36
Author(s):  
Sohail Aslam ◽  
Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir Bukhari ◽  
Adnan Asghar ◽  
Naeem Riaz ◽  
Iftekhar Yousaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To comparison was made between standard (control group) nasopharyngeal sample collection technique for RTPCR and modified technique and the outcome was compared in terms of the proportion of positive results of Rt-PCR tests. Study Design: Double blinded randomized clinical trial. Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital Karachi Pakistan, from June and July 2020. Methodology: This study was a newly developed modified technique for nasopharyngeal sampling for RT-PCR tests of COVID-19 suspects. Target population included all patients who developed COVID-19 related symptoms and/or also had history of recent travel or closed contact with Covid-19 patients. Total 1500 nasopharyngeal PCR tests were done by a team of trained technicians. Systemetic probability sampling technique was utilized. Subjects were divided into two groups by using even and odd serial numbers. Proportion of positive test results were compared between two groups by using chi square test. Results: Results were collected for 3000 nasopharyngeal swab sample for RT-PCR testing. Mean age was 31.68 ± 11.89 years. In study group with modified technique, 470 tests were found positive for a total of 1500 samples while only 297 out of 1500 samples were detected positive in control group with standard technique. Chi square test applied to assess the difference between this proportion and it proved that the difference was highly statistically significant (p-value <0.00). Conclusion: we interpret that modified samples collection technique is relatively safe for sample collector of Covid-19 PCR which has got potential benefits to get more genuine results of these......

scholarly journals Impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 cases in the community: a population-based study using the UK’s COVID-19 Infection Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Pritchard ◽  
Philippa C. Matthews ◽  
Nicole Stoesser ◽  
David W. Eyre ◽  
Owen Gethings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Nose And Throat

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe UK population-representative longitudinal COVID-19 Infection Survey.Participants373,402 participants aged ≥16 years contributing 1,610,562 RT-PCR results from nose and throat swabs between 1 December 2020 and 3 April 2021.Main outcome measuresNew RT-PCR-positive episodes for SARS-CoV-2 overall, by self-reported symptoms, by cycle threshold (Ct) value (<30 versus ≥30), and by gene positivity (compatible with the B.1.1.7 variant versus not).ResultsOdds of new SARS-CoV-2 infection were reduced 65% (95% CI 60 to 70%; P<0.001) in those ≥21 days since first vaccination with no second dose versus unvaccinated individuals without evidence of prior infection (RT-PCR or antibody). In those vaccinated, the largest reduction in odds was seen post second dose (70%, 95% CI 62 to 77%; P<0.001).There was no evidence that these benefits varied between Oxford-AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines (P>0.9).There was no evidence of a difference in odds of new SARS-CoV-2 infection for individuals having received two vaccine doses and with evidence of prior infection but not vaccinated (P=0.89). Vaccination had a greater impact on reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections with evidence of high viral shedding Ct<30 (88% reduction after two doses; 95% CI 80 to 93%; P<0.001) and with self-reported symptoms (90% reduction after two doses; 95% CI 82 to 94%; P<0.001); effects were similar for different gene positivity patterns.ConclusionVaccination with a single dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines, or two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech, significantly reduced new SARS-CoV-2 infections in this large community surveillance study. Greater reductions in symptomatic infections and/or infections with a higher viral burden are reflected in reduced rates of hospitalisations/deaths, but highlight the potential for limited ongoing transmission from asymptomatic infections in vaccinated individuals.RegistrationThe study is registered with the ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN21086382.

scholarly journals Effect of Humanized Nursing on Emergency Success Rate and Satisfaction in Emergency Nursing

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Yuehua
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Emergency Treatment ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emergency Nursing ◽  
Satisfaction Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: To explore the impact of human nursing on emergency success rate and satisfaction in emergency department nursing. Methods: 146 cases of emergency patients were collected from February 2015 to July 2016 in our hospital. The patients were randomly divided into control group and experimental group (73 cases). The patients in the control group were treated by routine nursing method. The patients in the experimental group nursing intervention was performed on the basis of humanized care in the control group, and the success rate and satisfaction of the two groups were observed. Results: The success rate of emergency treatment (93.2%) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (79.5%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).After the nursing group, the satisfaction rate 91.8%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (65.8%), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Human care in emergency department nursing can effectively improve the success rate of emergency and patient satisfaction.

scholarly journals A Diagnostic Model to Predict SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Emergency Department Using Routine Admission Hematological Parameters

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Rossana Soloperto ◽  
Giovanna Guiotto ◽  
Giuseppe Tozzi ◽  
Maurizio Fumi ◽  
Angelo Tozzi
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Cumulative Score

Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the emergency department (ED) is a crucial necessity, especially in settings of overcrowding: establishing a pre-diagnostic test probability of infection would help to triage patients and reduce diagnostic errors, and it could be useful in resource-limited countries. Here, we established and validated a clinical predictor of infection based on routine admission hematological parameters. The diagnostic model was developed by comparing 85 consecutive patients with symptomatic COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR with 85 symptomatic, SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. Abnormal hematological parameters significantly (p < 0.05) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were used to derive a “cumulative score” between 0 and 16. The model was validated in an independent cohort of 170 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. Several routine hematology parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A “cumulative score” score ≥7 discriminated COVID-19-postive patients from controls with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100% (p < 0.001). The high sensitivity of the predictive model was confirmed in the prospective validation set, and the cumulative score (i) predicted SARS-CoV-2 positivity even when the first oro-nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR result was reported as a false negative in both cohorts and (ii) resulted to be independent from disease severity. The cumulative score based on routine blood parameters can be used to predict an early and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in symptomatic patients, thereby facilitating triage and optimizing early management and isolation from the COVID-19 free population, particularly useful in overcrowding situations and in resource-poor settings.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Follow-App. Mobile App-Based Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients after Hospital Discharge: A Single-Center, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ester Marquez-Algaba ◽  
Marc Sanchez ◽  
Maria Baladas ◽  
Claudia España ◽  
Hermes Salvatore Dallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Care Center ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Return Visits ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: In the midst of a pandemic, apps can be used to provide close follow-up, ensure that patients are monitored at home, avoid excessive pressure on medical facilities, prevent the movement of people (both patients and health professionals), and reduce the risk of infection. Objective: To adapt and validate the use of a smartphone application for outpatient follow-up of COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. Methods: We conducted an open-label clinical trial at Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron in Barcelona, Spain. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to be followed by the Farmalarm app or by their primary care center. The primary endpoint was the reduction in the need for in-person return visits. Results: From 31 March to 4 May 2020, 150 patients were enrolled in the study at hospital discharge: 74 patients were randomized to the experimental group, and 76 to the control group. All patients in the control group and all except for six in the experimental group completed the study. During hospitalization, before study inclusion, all but 4 (97.3%) had viral pneumonia, 91 (60.7%) required supplemental oxygen, and 16 (10.7%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. COVID-19–related return visits to the emergency department were significantly higher in the control group (7.9% vs. 0%; p = 0.028) in the per-protocol analysis. Telephone consultations with the emergency department were performed by 12 (15.8%) patients in the control group and 0 (0%) in the experimental group (p < 0.001). Satisfaction with outpatient monitoring was rated higher by the experimental group (5 vs. 4 points; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Following COVID-19 hospital discharge, home follow-up via a mobile app was effective in reducing in-person return visits without undermining patient satisfaction or perception of health, compared with standard follow-up.

scholarly journals Treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine: A retrospective analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
Zheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Routine Treatment ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background There is an urgent need for an effective treatment to cure patients with COVID-19 and reduce the duration of viral shedding. Methods We conducted a retrospective study using data from the electronic medical records of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were hospitalized in the E1-4 intensive care center of Guanggu Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, from February 11, 2020, to March 23, 2020. According to the diagnostic results, the hospitalized patients were divided into the experimental group treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or chloroquine (CQ) and the control group only treated with conventional therapy without HCQ or CQ. The main outcome was the clearance rate of SARS-CoV-2. Results A total of 37 patients were evaluated. Eighteen patients were assigned to the HCQ or CQ group, and 19 were assigned to the routine treatment group. Treatment with HCQ or CQ was not associated with a difference from routine treatment in the viral shedding duration (median, 14 days vs. 10 days; hazard ratio for viral shedding, 0.393; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.151 to 1.022; P=0.056). No significant difference in the viral shedding rate was observed between the groups at any time point (7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days and the end point). Conclusion Although this is a retrospective analysis, the results suggest that treatment with HCQ or CQ had no impact on the duration of viral shedding.

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